Difference between revisions of "Baptisia lecontei"

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| range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Baptisia lecontei'' from USDA NRCS [http://www.plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=BALE4 Plants Database].
 
| range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Baptisia lecontei'' from USDA NRCS [http://www.plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=BALE4 Plants Database].
 
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Common Name: pineland wild indigo
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Common names: Pineland wild indigo; Leconte's wild indigo
 
==Taxonomic notes==
 
==Taxonomic notes==
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The genus name comes from the Greek word "bapto" meaning to dye<ref name="missouri">[[http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=b650]] Missouri Botanical Gardens. Accessed: April 4, 2016</ref>.
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The genus name comes from the Greek word "bapto" meaning to dye.<ref name="missouri">[[http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=b650]] Missouri Botanical Gardens. Accessed: April 4, 2016</ref>
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Synonyms: none<ref name=weakley>Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref>
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Varieties: none<ref name=weakley/>
  
 
==Description==  
 
==Description==  
 
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->
 
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->
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''Baptisia lecontei'' is a bushy perennial herb with knotty roots that grows from a solid, smooth, solitary, erect, woody stem up to 1 m tall. The petiolate compound leaves are smooth, alternately arranged, and palmately trifoliate with entire margins and green triangulate/lanceolate/folicaceous stipules (small leaf-like growths at the base of the leaf stalks). The bilaterally symmetric flowers form on terminal or axillary racemes and resemble butterflies in shape. They have clawed, orange or yellow petals that are ovoid to obovate in shape with wing and keel petals that are narrow and ear-shaped with obtuse or rounded tips. There are 9 - 10 separate stamens with smooth filaments and a circular style that is persistent in the unilocular legume fruit. The elongated, pubescent legume fruit is oblong or ellipsodial in shape and will persist on the stems after they split or burst open to release the seeds. Those seeds are smooth surfaced with resinous dots and are olive, brown, or black in color.<ref name="eol">[[http://eol.org/pages/641071/details]]Encyclopedia of Life. Accessed: April 4, 2016</ref><ref name="fsu">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, R.K. Godfrey, Richard D. Houk, John K. Small, George R. Cooley, Leonard J. Brass, Robert Kral, Mabel Kral, Walter S. Judd, Paul Kalaz, Steve L. Orzell, Edwin L. Bridges, S. W. Leonard, Allen G. Shuey, A. H. Curtiss, Grady W. Reinert, W. Wilson Baker, Richard D. Houk, and A. F. Clewell. States and Counties: Florida: Wakulla, Suwannee, Clay, Columbia, Bay, Gilchrist, Leon, Hernando, Marion, Franklin, Lake, De Soto, Duval, and Dixie. Georgia: Brantley, Brooks, Lowndes, and Lanier.</ref>
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''Baptisia lecontei'' is a bushy herb from a solitary stem, with knotty roots<ref name="fsu">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, R.K. Godfrey, Richard D. Houk, John K. Small, George R. Cooley, Leonard J. Brass, Robert Kral, Mabel Kral, Walter S. Judd, Paul Kalaz, Steve L. Orzell, Edwin L. Bridges, S. W. Leonard, Allen G. Shuey, A. H. Curtiss, Grady W. Reinert, W. Wilson Baker, Richard D. Houk, and A. F. Clewell. States and Counties: Florida: Wakulla, Suwannee, Clay, Columbia, Bay, Gilchrist, Leon, Hernando, Marion, Franklin, Lake, De Soto, Duval, and Dixie. Georgia: Brantley, Brooks, Lowndes, and Lanier.</ref>.
 
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Perennial, Herbs, Stems woody below, or from woody crown or caudex, Plants with rhizomes or suckers, Nodules present, Stems erect or ascending, Stems less than 1 m tall, Stems solid, Stems or young twigs glabrous or sparsely glabrate, Stems or young twigs sparsely to densely hairy, Leaves alternate, Leaves petiolate, Stipules green, triangulate to lanceolate or foliaceous, Stipules persistent, Stipules free, Leaves compound, Leaves palmately 2-3 foliate, Leaf or leaflet margins entire, Leaflets 3, Leaves glabrous or nearly so, Inflorescences racemes, Inflorescence axillary, Inflorescence terminal, Bracts conspicuously present, Bracteoles present, Flowers zygomorphic, Calyx 5-lobed, Calyx hairy, Petals separate, Corolla papilionaceous, Petals clawed, Petals orange or yellow, Banner petal ovoid or obovate, Banner petal suborbicular, broadly rounded, Wing petals narrow, oblanceolate to oblong, Wing petals auriculate, Wing tips obtuse or rounded, Keel petals auriculate, spu rred, or gibbous, Keel tips obtuse or rounded, not beaked, Stamens 9-10, Stamens completely free, separate, Filaments glabrous, Style terete, Style persistent in fruit, Fruit a legume, Fruit stipitate, Fruit unilocular, Fruit freely dehiscent, Fruit tardily or weakly dehiscent, Fruit elongate, straight, Fruit oblong or ellipsoidal, Fruit orbicular to subglobose, Fruit or valves persistent on stem, Fruit coriaceous or becoming woody, Fruit exserted from calyx, Fruit inflated or turgid, Fruit beaked, Fruit hairy, Fruit 11-many seeded, Seeds reniform, Seed surface smooth, Seed surface with resinous dots, Seeds olive, brown, or black<ref name="eol">[[http://eol.org/pages/641071/details]]Encyclopedia of Life. Accessed: April 4, 2016</ref>.
 
  
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
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''B. lecontei'' occurs throughout the northern two-thirds of Florida and in some counties in Georgia<ref name="hawthorn">[[http://hawthornhillwildflowers.blogspot.com/2010/09/gopherweed-baptisia-lanceolata.html]]Native Florida Wildflowers. Accessed: April 4, 2016</ref>.
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''B. lecontei'' occurs throughout the northern two-thirds of Florida and in some counties in Georgia.<ref name="hawthorn">[[http://hawthornhillwildflowers.blogspot.com/2010/09/gopherweed-baptisia-lanceolata.html]]Native Florida Wildflowers. Accessed: April 4, 2016</ref>
  
 
==Ecology==
 
==Ecology==
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
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''B. lecontei'' requires open areas and strong, consistent winds for seed dispersal.<ref name="Mehlman 1993"/> It also prefers higher light levels and moist to dry sandy soils like loamy sand and loose sand. It is found in longleaf pine-oak sandhill communities, shrub oak ridges, and pine flatwoods. However, it can also be found in certain disturbed habitats such as power line corridors, roadsides, railways, and cleared areas<ref name="fsu"/>.
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''B. lecontei'' requires open areas and strong, consistent winds for seed dispersal,<ref name="Mehlman 1993"/> and prefers higher light levels with moist to dry sandy soils like loamy sand and loose sand. It is found in longleaf pine-oak sandhill communities, shrub oak ridges, and pine flatwoods; however, it can also be found in certain disturbed habitats such as power line corridors, roadsides, railways, and cleared areas.<ref name="fsu"/>
  
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Associated species include ''Pinus palutris, Cuthbertia rosea, Quercus laevis, Q. marilandica, Q. geminata, Q. falcata, Q. incana, Prunus serotina, P. umbellata, Disopyros virginiana, RHus copallina, Vaccinium arboreum, V. stamineum, Rubus cunefolius,'' and others<ref name="fsu"/>.
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Associated species include ''Pinus palutris, Cuthbertia rosea, [[Quercus laevis]], [[Quercus marilandica]], [[Quercus geminata]], [[Quercus falcata]], [[Quercus incana]], [[Prunus serotina]], [[Prunus umbellata]], Disopyros virginiana, Rhus copallina, [[Vaccinium arboreum]], [[Vaccinium stamineum]], Rubus cunefolius,'' and others.<ref name="fsu"/>
  
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===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->
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===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->
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The fruit is a membranous to ligneous legume<ref name="mehlman">Mehlman, D. W. (1993). "Tumbleweed Dispersal in Florida Sandhill Baptisia (Fabaceae)." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 120(1): 60-63.</ref>. This species has been observed flowering from April through July, and fruiting from June through August<ref name="fsu"/>.
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The fruit of ''B. lecontei'' is a membranous to ligneous legume.<ref name="mehlman">Mehlman, D. W. (1993). "Tumbleweed Dispersal in Florida Sandhill Baptisia (Fabaceae)." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 120(1): 60-63.</ref> This species has been observed flowering from April through July, with peak inflorescence in May and June, and fruiting from June through August.<ref name="fsu"/><ref>Nelson, G.  [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/  Accessed: 7 DEC 2016</ref>
  
 
===Seed dispersal===
 
===Seed dispersal===
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''Baptisia lecontei'' uses tumbleweed dispersal, a type of long-distance dispersal mechanism by which means the whole or a part of the plant serves to disperse seeds by being blown into the wind.<ref>Pijl 1972 cited by Mehlman 1993, more citation needed.</ref> Mehlman observe that ''B. lecontei'' could be found over 50 meters away from where it originated, evidently by wind dispersal <ref name="Mehlman 1993">Mehlman, D. (1993). "Tumbleweed dispersal in Florida sandhill Baptisia (Fabaceae)." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 120: 60-63.</ref>. Other dispersal mechanisms include movement in heavy rainstorms, Florida Harvester Ants, and if rooted, the seeds fall to the ground. Legume pods dehisce vertically to release seeds.  
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''Baptisia lecontei'' uses tumbleweed dispersal, a type of long-distance dispersal mechanism by which means the whole or a part of the plant serves to disperse seeds by being blown into the wind.<ref>Pijl 1972 cited by Mehlman 1993, more citation needed.</ref> Mehlman observe that ''B. lecontei'' could be found over 50 meters away from where it originated, evidently by wind dispersal.<ref name="Mehlman 1993">Mehlman, D. (1993). "Tumbleweed dispersal in Florida sandhill Baptisia (Fabaceae)." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 120: 60-63.</ref> Other dispersal mechanisms include movement in heavy rainstorms, Florida Harvester Ants, and if rooted, the seeds fall to the ground. Legume pods dehisce vertically to release seeds.  
 
<!--===Seed bank and germination===-->
 
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<!--===Use by animals===--><!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.-->  
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<!--===Herbivory and toxicology===-->  
 
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==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration==
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<!--==Cultivation and restoration==-->
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<!--==Photo Gallery==-->
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==Cultural use==
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A closely related species, ''B. tinctoria'' has been historically used to treat scarlet fever, typhus, sore throat, ulcers, and open wounds.<ref> Korchmal, Arnold & Connie. 1973. A Guide to the Medicinal Plants of the United States. The New York Times Book Company, New York.</ref> It is unknown if all species of ''Baptisia'' can be used in these ways.
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==Photo Gallery==  
 
<gallery widths=180px>
 
<gallery widths=180px>
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
 
==References and notes==
 
==References and notes==

Latest revision as of 10:49, 22 May 2023

Baptisia lecontei
Bapt leco.jpg
Photo by John R. Gwaltney, Southeastern Flora.com
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class: Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae ⁄ Leguminosae
Genus: Baptisia
Species: B. lecontei
Binomial name
Baptisia lecontei
Torr. & A. Gray
BAPT LECO dist.jpg
Natural range of Baptisia lecontei from USDA NRCS Plants Database.

Common names: Pineland wild indigo; Leconte's wild indigo

Taxonomic notes

The genus name comes from the Greek word "bapto" meaning to dye.[1]

Synonyms: none[2]

Varieties: none[2]

Description

Baptisia lecontei is a bushy perennial herb with knotty roots that grows from a solid, smooth, solitary, erect, woody stem up to 1 m tall. The petiolate compound leaves are smooth, alternately arranged, and palmately trifoliate with entire margins and green triangulate/lanceolate/folicaceous stipules (small leaf-like growths at the base of the leaf stalks). The bilaterally symmetric flowers form on terminal or axillary racemes and resemble butterflies in shape. They have clawed, orange or yellow petals that are ovoid to obovate in shape with wing and keel petals that are narrow and ear-shaped with obtuse or rounded tips. There are 9 - 10 separate stamens with smooth filaments and a circular style that is persistent in the unilocular legume fruit. The elongated, pubescent legume fruit is oblong or ellipsodial in shape and will persist on the stems after they split or burst open to release the seeds. Those seeds are smooth surfaced with resinous dots and are olive, brown, or black in color.[3][4]

Distribution

B. lecontei occurs throughout the northern two-thirds of Florida and in some counties in Georgia.[5]

Ecology

Habitat

B. lecontei requires open areas and strong, consistent winds for seed dispersal,[6] and prefers higher light levels with moist to dry sandy soils like loamy sand and loose sand. It is found in longleaf pine-oak sandhill communities, shrub oak ridges, and pine flatwoods; however, it can also be found in certain disturbed habitats such as power line corridors, roadsides, railways, and cleared areas.[4]

Associated species include Pinus palutris, Cuthbertia rosea, Quercus laevis, Quercus marilandica, Quercus geminata, Quercus falcata, Quercus incana, Prunus serotina, Prunus umbellata, Disopyros virginiana, Rhus copallina, Vaccinium arboreum, Vaccinium stamineum, Rubus cunefolius, and others.[4]

Phenology

The fruit of B. lecontei is a membranous to ligneous legume.[7] This species has been observed flowering from April through July, with peak inflorescence in May and June, and fruiting from June through August.[4][8]

Seed dispersal

Baptisia lecontei uses tumbleweed dispersal, a type of long-distance dispersal mechanism by which means the whole or a part of the plant serves to disperse seeds by being blown into the wind.[9] Mehlman observe that B. lecontei could be found over 50 meters away from where it originated, evidently by wind dispersal.[6] Other dispersal mechanisms include movement in heavy rainstorms, Florida Harvester Ants, and if rooted, the seeds fall to the ground. Legume pods dehisce vertically to release seeds.

Conservation, cultivation, and restoration

Cultural use

A closely related species, B. tinctoria has been historically used to treat scarlet fever, typhus, sore throat, ulcers, and open wounds.[10] It is unknown if all species of Baptisia can be used in these ways.

Photo Gallery

References and notes

  1. ↑ [[1]] Missouri Botanical Gardens. Accessed: April 4, 2016
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
  3. ↑ [[2]]Encyclopedia of Life. Accessed: April 4, 2016
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, R.K. Godfrey, Richard D. Houk, John K. Small, George R. Cooley, Leonard J. Brass, Robert Kral, Mabel Kral, Walter S. Judd, Paul Kalaz, Steve L. Orzell, Edwin L. Bridges, S. W. Leonard, Allen G. Shuey, A. H. Curtiss, Grady W. Reinert, W. Wilson Baker, Richard D. Houk, and A. F. Clewell. States and Counties: Florida: Wakulla, Suwannee, Clay, Columbia, Bay, Gilchrist, Leon, Hernando, Marion, Franklin, Lake, De Soto, Duval, and Dixie. Georgia: Brantley, Brooks, Lowndes, and Lanier.
  5. ↑ [[3]]Native Florida Wildflowers. Accessed: April 4, 2016
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Mehlman, D. (1993). "Tumbleweed dispersal in Florida sandhill Baptisia (Fabaceae)." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 120: 60-63.
  7. ↑ Mehlman, D. W. (1993). "Tumbleweed Dispersal in Florida Sandhill Baptisia (Fabaceae)." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 120(1): 60-63.
  8. ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 7 DEC 2016
  9. ↑ Pijl 1972 cited by Mehlman 1993, more citation needed.
  10. ↑ Korchmal, Arnold & Connie. 1973. A Guide to the Medicinal Plants of the United States. The New York Times Book Company, New York.
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