Difference between revisions of "Xyris caroliniana"
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Common names: Carolina yellow-eyed grass, Pineland yellow-eyed grass | Common names: Carolina yellow-eyed grass, Pineland yellow-eyed grass | ||
==Taxonomic notes== | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| − | |||
| + | Synonyms: ''X. flexuosa'' Muhlenberg ex Elliott; ''X. pallescens'' (C. Mohr) Small.<ref>Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draf of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| − | + | A description of ''Xyris caroliniana'' is provided in [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=222000461 The Flora of North America]. | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | + | ''Xyris caroliniana'' is common in the moist sands of pine flatwoods or savannas, well-drained sands or moist depressions of mesic to scrubby flatwoods, sandhills, and scrub throughout Florida and the Coastal Plain regions of the eastern United States<ref name="EB"/> with disjunct populations in western Cuba.<ref>Sorrie, B. A. and A. S. Weakley 2001. Coastal Plain valcular plant endemics: Phytogeographic patterns. Castanea 66: 50-82.</ref> | |
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, ''X. caroliniana'' has been found in mesic sandy meadows; seepage slopes with ''Rhynchospora''; sandy loam of burned wiregrass-longleaf pinewoods; sandy peat of pine-palmetto flatwoods; sand of open slash pine woodland bordering ''Hypericum'' marshes; oak scrub at margin of pine flatwoods; wiregrass-palmetto-slash pine plantation; sandy peat of flatwoods bog; upper edge of grass-sedge bog; wet pine flatwoods; mixed hardwood/cabbage palm hammocks; sandy peat of hillside bogs; mixed pine-oak | + | In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, ''X. caroliniana'' has been found in mesic sandy meadows; seepage slopes with ''Rhynchospora''; sandy loam of burned wiregrass-longleaf pinewoods; sandy peat of pine-palmetto flatwoods; sand of open slash pine woodland bordering ''Hypericum'' marshes; oak scrub at margin of pine flatwoods; wiregrass-palmetto-slash pine plantation; sandy peat of flatwoods bog; upper edge of grass-sedge bog; wet pine flatwoods; mixed hardwood/cabbage palm hammocks; sandy peat of hillside bogs; mixed pine-oak woodlands; dry boggy areas near small stands of cypress; sandy dune hallows; sandy loam at edge of ''Ilex myrtifolia'' depression swamp; turkey oak/longleaf pine barrens; and in sand around ephemeral ponds.<ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: July 2015. Collectors: Karen MacClendon, B. Boothe, Loran C. Anderson, Robert Kral, Loran C. Anderson, James R. Burkhalter, F. R. Hedges, W. P. Adams, Allen G. Shuey, Cecil R Slaughter, P. L. Redfearn, J. P. Gillespie, D. L. Fichtner, Sidney McDaniel, R. F. Throne, R. A. Davidson, William Reese, Bian Tan, Steve L. Orzell, Edwin L. Bridges, N. C. Henderson, Bruce Hansen, JoAnn Hansen, George R. Cooley, R. J. Eaton, Olga Lakela, M. Davis, R. A. Norris, Annie Schmidt. States and Counties: Florida: Alachua, Bay, Brevard, Calhoun, Charlotte, Citrus, Clay, Collier, DeSoto, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Hernando, Indian River, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Martin, Okaloosa, Orange, Pasco, Santa Rosa, Seminole, St. Lucie, Sumter, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton, Washington. Georgia: Thomas. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref><ref name="Glitzenstein et al. 2003">Glitzenstein, J. S., D. R. Streng, et al. (2003). "Fire frequency effects on longleaf pine (Pinus palustris, P.Miller) vegetation in South Carolina and northeast Florida, USA." Natural Areas Journal 23: 22-37.</ref> In disturbed habitats this species has been found in roadside ditches; semi-disturbed remnant of longleaf pine-saw palmetto flatwoods; borrow pit bog; and in sandy peat of drained and bulldozed flatwoods bog.<ref name="EB"/> |
| − | Substrate types include sandy loam, sand, sandy peat, and fine sand. <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> Associated species include ''Rhynchospora, Hypericum, Fuirena scirpoidea, Fimbristylis caroliniana, Juncus scirpoides, Rhexia cubensis, Seymeria, Aristida stricta, Conradina, Ilex, Lyonia, Xyris elliottii, Ilex myrtifolia, Serenoa repens, Mitreola petiolata, Xyris flexuosa, Sabatia brevifolia, Kalmia hirsuta, Balduina uniflora, Polygala lutea, Sorghastrum secundum, Quercus pumila, Liatris graminifolia'', and ''Helianthus heterophyllus.'' <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | + | ''Xyris caroliniana'' is frequent and abundant in the North Florida Mesic Flatwoods, Central Florida Flatwoods/Prairies, and Upper Panhandle Savannas community types as described in Carr et al. (2010).<ref>Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | Substrate types include sandy loam, sand, sandy peat, and fine sand.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Associated species include ''Rhynchospora, Hypericum, Fuirena scirpoidea, Fimbristylis caroliniana, Juncus scirpoides, Rhexia cubensis, Seymeria, [[Aristida stricta]], Conradina, Ilex, Lyonia, [[Xyris elliottii]], Ilex myrtifolia, [[Serenoa repens]], Mitreola petiolata, Xyris flexuosa, [[Sabatia brevifolia]], Kalmia hirsuta, [[Balduina uniflora]], [[Polygala lutea]], [[Sorghastrum secundum]], Quercus pumila, Liatris graminifolia'', and ''[[Helianthus heterophyllus]].''<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | ||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | + | ''X. caroliniana'' has been observed flowering in February, May through October and fruiting June through October.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/><ref>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 15 DEC 2016</ref> | |
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| + | Populations of ''Xyris caroliniana'' have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.<ref>Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref> | ||
<!--===Pollination===--> | <!--===Pollination===--> | ||
| − | |||
<!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | ==Conservation and | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| − | == | + | |
| + | ==Cultural use== | ||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 12:33, 18 July 2022
| Xyris caroliniana | |
|---|---|
| |
| Xyris caroliniana, the Peninsular Florida white-flowered form | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants |
| Class: | Liliopsida – Monocotyledons |
| Order: | Commelinales |
| Family: | Xyridaceae |
| Genus: | Xyris |
| Species: | X. caroliniana |
| Binomial name | |
| Xyris caroliniana Walter | |
| |
| Natural range of Xyris caroliniana from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common names: Carolina yellow-eyed grass, Pineland yellow-eyed grass
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: X. flexuosa Muhlenberg ex Elliott; X. pallescens (C. Mohr) Small.[1]
Description
A description of Xyris caroliniana is provided in The Flora of North America.
Distribution
Xyris caroliniana is common in the moist sands of pine flatwoods or savannas, well-drained sands or moist depressions of mesic to scrubby flatwoods, sandhills, and scrub throughout Florida and the Coastal Plain regions of the eastern United States[2] with disjunct populations in western Cuba.[3]
Ecology
Habitat
In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, X. caroliniana has been found in mesic sandy meadows; seepage slopes with Rhynchospora; sandy loam of burned wiregrass-longleaf pinewoods; sandy peat of pine-palmetto flatwoods; sand of open slash pine woodland bordering Hypericum marshes; oak scrub at margin of pine flatwoods; wiregrass-palmetto-slash pine plantation; sandy peat of flatwoods bog; upper edge of grass-sedge bog; wet pine flatwoods; mixed hardwood/cabbage palm hammocks; sandy peat of hillside bogs; mixed pine-oak woodlands; dry boggy areas near small stands of cypress; sandy dune hallows; sandy loam at edge of Ilex myrtifolia depression swamp; turkey oak/longleaf pine barrens; and in sand around ephemeral ponds.[4][5] In disturbed habitats this species has been found in roadside ditches; semi-disturbed remnant of longleaf pine-saw palmetto flatwoods; borrow pit bog; and in sandy peat of drained and bulldozed flatwoods bog.[2]
Xyris caroliniana is frequent and abundant in the North Florida Mesic Flatwoods, Central Florida Flatwoods/Prairies, and Upper Panhandle Savannas community types as described in Carr et al. (2010).[6]
Substrate types include sandy loam, sand, sandy peat, and fine sand.[4]
Associated species include Rhynchospora, Hypericum, Fuirena scirpoidea, Fimbristylis caroliniana, Juncus scirpoides, Rhexia cubensis, Seymeria, Aristida stricta, Conradina, Ilex, Lyonia, Xyris elliottii, Ilex myrtifolia, Serenoa repens, Mitreola petiolata, Xyris flexuosa, Sabatia brevifolia, Kalmia hirsuta, Balduina uniflora, Polygala lutea, Sorghastrum secundum, Quercus pumila, Liatris graminifolia, and Helianthus heterophyllus.[4]
Phenology
X. caroliniana has been observed flowering in February, May through October and fruiting June through October.[4][7]
Fire ecology
Populations of Xyris caroliniana have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.[8]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draf of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedEB - ↑ Sorrie, B. A. and A. S. Weakley 2001. Coastal Plain valcular plant endemics: Phytogeographic patterns. Castanea 66: 50-82.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: July 2015. Collectors: Karen MacClendon, B. Boothe, Loran C. Anderson, Robert Kral, Loran C. Anderson, James R. Burkhalter, F. R. Hedges, W. P. Adams, Allen G. Shuey, Cecil R Slaughter, P. L. Redfearn, J. P. Gillespie, D. L. Fichtner, Sidney McDaniel, R. F. Throne, R. A. Davidson, William Reese, Bian Tan, Steve L. Orzell, Edwin L. Bridges, N. C. Henderson, Bruce Hansen, JoAnn Hansen, George R. Cooley, R. J. Eaton, Olga Lakela, M. Davis, R. A. Norris, Annie Schmidt. States and Counties: Florida: Alachua, Bay, Brevard, Calhoun, Charlotte, Citrus, Clay, Collier, DeSoto, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Hernando, Indian River, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Martin, Okaloosa, Orange, Pasco, Santa Rosa, Seminole, St. Lucie, Sumter, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton, Washington. Georgia: Thomas. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
- ↑ Glitzenstein, J. S., D. R. Streng, et al. (2003). "Fire frequency effects on longleaf pine (Pinus palustris, P.Miller) vegetation in South Carolina and northeast Florida, USA." Natural Areas Journal 23: 22-37.
- ↑ Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 15 DEC 2016
- ↑ Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.
