Difference between revisions of "Agalinis georgiana"
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| range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Agalinis georgiana'' from USDA NRCS [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=AGFA2 Plants Database]. | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Agalinis georgiana'' from USDA NRCS [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=AGFA2 Plants Database]. | ||
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| − | Common name: Boynton's false foxglove | + | Common name: Boynton's false foxglove, Georgia agalinis, Boynton's agalinis |
==Taxonomic Notes== | ==Taxonomic Notes== | ||
| − | Synonyms: ''Gerardia georgiana'' C.L. Boynton, ''Agalinis fasciculata'' (Elliott) Rafinesque | + | Synonyms: ''Gerardia georgiana'' (C.L. Boynton) Pennell, ''Agalinis fasciculata'' (Elliott) Rafinesque. <ref name=weakley>Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| − | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/ | + | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perennial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> |
| − | Endemic to the | + | Endemic to the southeastern U.S., ''A. georgiana'' is an annual forb that is a member of the Scrophulariaceae family. <ref name= "USDA"> USDA Plants Database URL: https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ANGE </ref> Like all other members of the ''Agalinis'' genus, ''A. georgiana'' is a root parasite, which is a type of hemiparasite that penetrates roots of neighboring plants to transfer food and water from the host plant. However, they are semiparasitic since they still contain their own chlorophyll and can produce their own food.<ref name= "Musselman"> Musselman, L. J. and W. F. Mann, Jr (1978). Root parasites of southern forests. , USDA Forest Service, Southern For. Exp. Station, New Orleans, LA. Gen. Tech. Rpt. SO-20. : 76.</ref> ''A. georgiana'' is glabrous, with bright green herbage, and contains pale corollas that lack spots and lines within.<ref name= "Pennell"> |
Pennell, F. W. (1929). "Agalinis and allies in North America: II." Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 81: 111-249. </ref> | Pennell, F. W. (1929). "Agalinis and allies in North America: II." Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 81: 111-249. </ref> | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | ''A. georgiana'' is distributed from south Georgia and Alabama down to the western panhandle of Florida.<ref name= | + | ''A. georgiana'' is distributed from south Georgia and Alabama down to the western panhandle of Florida.<ref name=weakley/> |
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | + | ''A. georgiana'' is observed in dry and well-drained upland longleaf pine savanna communities, and shady sandy loams of pine-oak woods.<ref name= "Herbarium"/> In these communities, ''A. georgiana'' can be quite frequent in the understory composition.<ref name= "Carr"> Carr, S. C., et al. (2010). "A Vegetation Classification of Fire-Dependent Pinelands of Florida." Castanea 75(2): 153-189.</ref> It can also be found in bogs.<ref name=weakley/> | |
| − | </ref> It can also be found in bogs. <ref name= | ||
| − | |||
| − | Associated Species: ''Pinus palustris'', ''Quercus falcata'', ''Diospyros virginiana'', ''Ilex glabra'', ''Agalinis obtusifolia'', and ''Ctenium aromaticum''. <ref name= "Herbarium"> Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: February 2019. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, W. Wilson Baker, John Hays, Mike Jenkins, Robin Kennedy, R. Komarek, and Alfred Schotz. States and counties: Florida: Jackson, Liberty, Okaloosa, and Santa Rosa. Georgia: Thomas. </ref> | + | ''Agalinis georgiana'' is an indicator species for the Upper Panhandle Savannas community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).<ref>Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | Associated Species: ''[[Pinus palustris]]'', ''[[Quercus falcata]]'', ''[[Diospyros virginiana]]'', ''[[Ilex glabra]]'', ''[[Agalinis obtusifolia]]'', and ''[[Ctenium aromaticum]]''.<ref name= "Herbarium"> Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: February 2019. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, W. Wilson Baker, John Hays, Mike Jenkins, Robin Kennedy, R. Komarek, and Alfred Schotz. States and counties: Florida: Jackson, Liberty, Okaloosa, and Santa Rosa. Georgia: Thomas.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <!--===Phenology===--> | ||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
''Agalinis georgiana'' has been observed to flower in the months of September and November.<ref name= "Herbarium"/><ref name= "Panflora"> Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 4 MAR 2019</ref> | ''Agalinis georgiana'' has been observed to flower in the months of September and November.<ref name= "Herbarium"/><ref name= "Panflora"> Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 4 MAR 2019</ref> | ||
| − | |||
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
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''A. georgiana'' has been recorded in longleaf pine savannas that are burned annually.<ref name= "Herbarium"/> | ''A. georgiana'' has been recorded in longleaf pine savannas that are burned annually.<ref name= "Herbarium"/> | ||
| − | <!--===Pollination===--> | + | <!--===Pollination===--> |
| + | ===Herbivory and toxicology=== | ||
| + | Members of the ''Agalinis'' genus, including this one, host larvae of the common buckeye butterfly (''Junonia coenia'') in Florida.<ref name="Hammer 2016">Observation by Roger Hammer in Silver Springs State Park, Marion County, FL. September 2016, posted to Florida Flora and Ecosystematics Facebook Group August 4, 2017.</ref> | ||
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| − | |||
<!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | ==Conservation and | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
| − | ==Photo | + | ==Photo gallery== |
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
| + | |||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 13:04, 17 May 2023
| Agalinis georgiana | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Ann Johnson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicots |
| Order: | Scrophulariales |
| Family: | Scrophulariaceae |
| Genus: | Agalinis |
| Species: | A. georgiana |
| Binomial name | |
| Agalinis georgiana (Elliott) Raf. | |
| |
| Natural range of Agalinis georgiana from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: Boynton's false foxglove, Georgia agalinis, Boynton's agalinis
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonyms: Gerardia georgiana (C.L. Boynton) Pennell, Agalinis fasciculata (Elliott) Rafinesque. [1]
Description
Endemic to the southeastern U.S., A. georgiana is an annual forb that is a member of the Scrophulariaceae family. [2] Like all other members of the Agalinis genus, A. georgiana is a root parasite, which is a type of hemiparasite that penetrates roots of neighboring plants to transfer food and water from the host plant. However, they are semiparasitic since they still contain their own chlorophyll and can produce their own food.[3] A. georgiana is glabrous, with bright green herbage, and contains pale corollas that lack spots and lines within.[4]
Distribution
A. georgiana is distributed from south Georgia and Alabama down to the western panhandle of Florida.[1]
Ecology
Habitat
A. georgiana is observed in dry and well-drained upland longleaf pine savanna communities, and shady sandy loams of pine-oak woods.[5] In these communities, A. georgiana can be quite frequent in the understory composition.[6] It can also be found in bogs.[1]
Agalinis georgiana is an indicator species for the Upper Panhandle Savannas community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).[7]
Associated Species: Pinus palustris, Quercus falcata, Diospyros virginiana, Ilex glabra, Agalinis obtusifolia, and Ctenium aromaticum.[5]
Phenology
Agalinis georgiana has been observed to flower in the months of September and November.[5][8]
Fire ecology
A. georgiana has been recorded in longleaf pine savannas that are burned annually.[5]
Herbivory and toxicology
Members of the Agalinis genus, including this one, host larvae of the common buckeye butterfly (Junonia coenia) in Florida.[9]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Photo gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ USDA Plants Database URL: https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ANGE
- ↑ Musselman, L. J. and W. F. Mann, Jr (1978). Root parasites of southern forests. , USDA Forest Service, Southern For. Exp. Station, New Orleans, LA. Gen. Tech. Rpt. SO-20. : 76.
- ↑ Pennell, F. W. (1929). "Agalinis and allies in North America: II." Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 81: 111-249.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: February 2019. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, W. Wilson Baker, John Hays, Mike Jenkins, Robin Kennedy, R. Komarek, and Alfred Schotz. States and counties: Florida: Jackson, Liberty, Okaloosa, and Santa Rosa. Georgia: Thomas.
- ↑ Carr, S. C., et al. (2010). "A Vegetation Classification of Fire-Dependent Pinelands of Florida." Castanea 75(2): 153-189.
- ↑ Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 4 MAR 2019
- ↑ Observation by Roger Hammer in Silver Springs State Park, Marion County, FL. September 2016, posted to Florida Flora and Ecosystematics Facebook Group August 4, 2017.
