Difference between revisions of "Berlandiera pumila"
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| name = Berlandiera pumila | | name = Berlandiera pumila | ||
| image = Berlandiera_pumila_Gil.jpg | | image = Berlandiera_pumila_Gil.jpg | ||
| − | | image_caption = | + | | image_caption = Photo taken by Gil Nelson |
| regnum = Plantae | | regnum = Plantae | ||
| divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | | divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | ||
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
| binomial_authority = (Michx.) Nutt. | | binomial_authority = (Michx.) Nutt. | ||
| range_map = BERL_PUMI_dist.jpg | | range_map = BERL_PUMI_dist.jpg | ||
| − | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Berlandiera pumila'' from USDA NRCS [http://www.plants.usda.gov Plants Database]. | + | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Berlandiera pumila'' from USDA NRCS [http://www.plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=BALE4 Plants Database]. |
}} | }} | ||
| + | Common names: soft greeneyes, eastern green-eyes | ||
| + | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| + | Named for the French-Swiss physician Jean Louis Berlandier (1805-1851) who collected plants in Texas and northern Mexico.<ref name="wildflower">[[http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=BEPU2]]Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: April 4, 2016</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Synonyms: ''Berlandiera'' x ''betonicifolia,'' misapplied<ref name=weakley>Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Varieties: ''Berlandiera pumila'' (Michaux) Nuttall var. ''pumila''; ''Berlandiera pumila'' (Michaux) Nuttall var. ''scabrella''<ref name=weakley/> | ||
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| + | There are two subspecies. ''B. pumila pumila'' has a spotty distribution along the coastal states from North Carolina to eastern Texas, including north Florida. ''B. pumila scabrella'' occurs only in far eastern Texas and Louisiana.<ref name="eol">[[http://eol.org/pages/467858/overview]]Encyclopedia of Life. Accessed: April 4, 2016</ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| + | A description of ''Berlandiera pumila'' is provided in [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066220 The Flora of North America]. | ||
| + | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | Distributed North Carolina west to east central Texas.<ref name="plantdelights">[[http://www.plantdelights.com/Berlandiera-pumila-Lee-County-TX-for-sale/Buy-Soft-Green-Eye-Chocolate-Flower/]]Plant Delights. Accessed: April 4, 2016</ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting | + | ''B. pumila'' is found in longleaf pine-wiregrass sandhill communities, turkey oak hardwood sand ridges, and the borders between sandhills and hammocks. It is also found in disturbed areas including roadsides and clear-cut pine stands. This species generally prefers to grow in sandy soil types like drying loamy sand.<ref name="fsu">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: L. C. Anderson, R. S. Blaisdell, D. Demaree, P. Elliot, W. T. Gillis, R. K. Godfrey, B. Hansen, J. Hansen, G. R. Knight, M. Knott, R. Kral, R. L. Lazor, J. B. Nelson, R. A. Norris, G. W. Ramsey, C. R. Slaughter, H. L. Stripling, B. Tan, L. E. Williams, and J. Wooten. States and Counties: Florida: Alachua, Bay, Calhoun, Columbia, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Hamilton, Jackson, Lafayette, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Nassau, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Wakulla, and Washington. Georgia: Decatur.</ref> |
| − | ===Seed dispersal=== | + | |
| − | ===Seed bank and germination=== | + | Associated species includes ''Baptisia laceolata, Eupatorium capillifolium, [[Pinus palustris]], [[Quercus laevis]], [[Quercus geminata]], [[Quercus laurifolia]], Quercus margaretta, Vaccinium arboretum, [[Sericocarpus tortifolius]], [[Smilax auriculata]], [[Polypremum procumbens]], [[Serenoa repens]], Rhus copallina'', and others.<ref name="fsu"/> |
| − | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | + | |
| − | ===Pollination=== | + | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> |
| − | === | + | ''B. pumila'' flowers have yellow ray flowers, green disc flowers and an inferior ovary.<ref name="name">[[http://www.namethatplant.net/plantdetail.shtml?plant=2410.]]</ref> It has been observed flowering February through September, with peak inflorescence in April and May.<ref name="fsu"/><ref>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 7 DEC 2016</ref> Fruit is a blackish achene. |
| − | ===Diseases and parasites=== | + | |
| − | ==Conservation and | + | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> |
| − | == | + | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> |
| + | |||
| + | ===Fire ecology===<!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| + | It thrives in landscapes that experience frequent fire. Fire clears out the mid-canopy species which can shade and reduce diversity of the groundcover. It is adapted to surviving and returning after fire.<ref name="eol"/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <!--===Pollination===--> | ||
| + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===--> | ||
| + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Cultural use== | ||
| + | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
| + | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
| − | |||
Latest revision as of 15:25, 12 July 2023
| Berlandiera pumila | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo taken by Gil Nelson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae |
| Genus: | Berlandiera |
| Species: | B. pumila |
| Binomial name | |
| Berlandiera pumila (Michx.) Nutt. | |
| |
| Natural range of Berlandiera pumila from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common names: soft greeneyes, eastern green-eyes
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Named for the French-Swiss physician Jean Louis Berlandier (1805-1851) who collected plants in Texas and northern Mexico.[1]
Synonyms: Berlandiera x betonicifolia, misapplied[2]
Varieties: Berlandiera pumila (Michaux) Nuttall var. pumila; Berlandiera pumila (Michaux) Nuttall var. scabrella[2]
There are two subspecies. B. pumila pumila has a spotty distribution along the coastal states from North Carolina to eastern Texas, including north Florida. B. pumila scabrella occurs only in far eastern Texas and Louisiana.[3]
Description
A description of Berlandiera pumila is provided in The Flora of North America.
Distribution
Distributed North Carolina west to east central Texas.[4]
Ecology
Habitat
B. pumila is found in longleaf pine-wiregrass sandhill communities, turkey oak hardwood sand ridges, and the borders between sandhills and hammocks. It is also found in disturbed areas including roadsides and clear-cut pine stands. This species generally prefers to grow in sandy soil types like drying loamy sand.[5]
Associated species includes Baptisia laceolata, Eupatorium capillifolium, Pinus palustris, Quercus laevis, Quercus geminata, Quercus laurifolia, Quercus margaretta, Vaccinium arboretum, Sericocarpus tortifolius, Smilax auriculata, Polypremum procumbens, Serenoa repens, Rhus copallina, and others.[5]
Phenology
B. pumila flowers have yellow ray flowers, green disc flowers and an inferior ovary.[6] It has been observed flowering February through September, with peak inflorescence in April and May.[5][7] Fruit is a blackish achene.
Fire ecology
It thrives in landscapes that experience frequent fire. Fire clears out the mid-canopy species which can shade and reduce diversity of the groundcover. It is adapted to surviving and returning after fire.[3]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ [[1]]Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: April 4, 2016
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 [[2]]Encyclopedia of Life. Accessed: April 4, 2016
- ↑ [[3]]Plant Delights. Accessed: April 4, 2016
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: L. C. Anderson, R. S. Blaisdell, D. Demaree, P. Elliot, W. T. Gillis, R. K. Godfrey, B. Hansen, J. Hansen, G. R. Knight, M. Knott, R. Kral, R. L. Lazor, J. B. Nelson, R. A. Norris, G. W. Ramsey, C. R. Slaughter, H. L. Stripling, B. Tan, L. E. Williams, and J. Wooten. States and Counties: Florida: Alachua, Bay, Calhoun, Columbia, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Hamilton, Jackson, Lafayette, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Nassau, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Wakulla, and Washington. Georgia: Decatur.
- ↑ [[4]]
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 7 DEC 2016
