Difference between revisions of "Asclepias cinerea"
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| range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Asclepias cinerea'' from USDA NRCS [http://www.plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ASCI5 Plants Database]. | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Asclepias cinerea'' from USDA NRCS [http://www.plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ASCI5 Plants Database]. | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | Common name: Carolina | + | Common name: Carolina milkweed |
==Taxonomic notes== | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
''Asclepias'' is named for Asklepio, the Greek god of medicine and healing.<ref name="fnps">[[http://www.fnps.org/assets/pdf/pubs/asclepias_humistrata_pinewoodsmilkweed_4_1.pdf]]Florida Native Plant Society. Accessed: March 30, 2016</ref> | ''Asclepias'' is named for Asklepio, the Greek god of medicine and healing.<ref name="fnps">[[http://www.fnps.org/assets/pdf/pubs/asclepias_humistrata_pinewoodsmilkweed_4_1.pdf]]Florida Native Plant Society. Accessed: March 30, 2016</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Synonyms: none<ref name=weakley>Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Varieties: none<ref name=weakley/> | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| − | In general, with the ''Asclepias'' genus, they are perennial herbs usually milky sap. The stems are erect, spreading or decumbent and usually are simple and often solitary. The leaves are opposite to subopposite, are sometimes whorled, and rarely alternate. The corolla lobes are reflexed and are rarely erect or spreading. The filaments are elaborate into five hood forming a corona around the gynosteguim. The corona horns are present in most species<ref name="radford">Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 848-854. Print.</ref> | + | In general, with the ''Asclepias'' genus, they are perennial herbs usually milky sap. The stems are erect, spreading or decumbent and usually are simple and often solitary. The leaves are opposite to subopposite, are sometimes whorled, and rarely alternate. The corolla lobes are reflexed and are rarely erect or spreading. The filaments are elaborate into five hood forming a corona around the gynosteguim. The corona horns are present in most species.<ref name="radford">Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 848-854. Print.</ref> |
| − | Specifically, for ''Asclepias cinera'', the stems are simple, slender and solitary; they grow up to 3-7 dm tall; and are puberulent in the lines below the nodes. The leaves are opposite, liner and 5-9 cm long to 1-2 mm wide, and are glabrous. The umbels are 1-4 terminal or axillary from upper nodes, 2-3.5 cm broad, and are usually less than 8-flowered. The corolla is lavender in color, the lobes are 5-7 mm long, the corona is 4-5 mm in diameter’ the lateral hood margins are conspicuous with the acuminate tooth extending beyond the truncate hood apex. The horn is about the same size, equaling the body of the hood. The follicles are smooth, 10-12 cm long, 5-10 mm broad, are erect on the erect pedicels. Flowers from June to July<ref name="radford"/> | + | Specifically, for ''Asclepias cinera'', the stems are simple, slender and solitary; they grow up to 3-7 dm tall; and are puberulent in the lines below the nodes. The leaves are opposite, liner and 5-9 cm long to 1-2 mm wide, and are glabrous. The umbels are 1-4 terminal or axillary from upper nodes, 2-3.5 cm broad, and are usually less than 8-flowered. The corolla is lavender in color, the lobes are 5-7 mm long, the corona is 4-5 mm in diameter’ the lateral hood margins are conspicuous with the acuminate tooth extending beyond the truncate hood apex. The horn is about the same size, equaling the body of the hood. The follicles are smooth, 10-12 cm long, 5-10 mm broad, are erect on the erect pedicels. Flowers from June to July.<ref name="radford"/> |
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | This species is found in southeast North Carolina, and south to Florida<ref name="weakley" | + | This species is found in southeast North Carolina, and south to Florida<ref name="weakley"/>. In Florida, it is restricted to the panhandle and northern counties.<ref name="hawthorn">[[http://hawthornhillwildflowers.blogspot.com/2012/09/carolina-milkweed-asclepias-cinerea.html]]Native Florida Wildflowers. Accessed: March 30, 2016</ref> Listed as critically imperiled in Alabama.<ref name="natureserve">[[http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Asclepias+cinerea]]NatureServe. Accessed: March 30, 2016</ref> |
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat===<!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat===<!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | ''Asclepias cinerea'' is found in pine savannas<ref name="weakley"/> and sandhills, flatwoods, and bogs<ref name="wunderlin">Wunderlin, Richard P. and Bruce F. Hansen. Guide to the Vascular Plants of Florida. Third edition. 2011. University Press of Florida: Gainesville/Tallahassee/Tampa/Boca Raton/Pensacola/Orlando/Miami/Jacksonville/Ft. Myers. 270. Print.</ref> | + | ''Asclepias cinerea'' is found in pine savannas<ref name="weakley"/> and sandhills,<ref name="wunderlin"/><ref name="Leary & Bridged 2016"/> flatwoods, and bogs.<ref name="wunderlin">Wunderlin, Richard P. and Bruce F. Hansen. Guide to the Vascular Plants of Florida. Third edition. 2011. University Press of Florida: Gainesville/Tallahassee/Tampa/Boca Raton/Pensacola/Orlando/Miami/Jacksonville/Ft. Myers. 270. Print.</ref> Specifically, it appears in longleaf pine-turkey oak woods, pine-palmetto woods, wiregrass savannas, scrub oak barrens, scrub at the edge of slash pine flatwoods, seepage slopes, and boggy savannas. It can also be found in disturbed areas, including sandy clearings along power line corridors, ditches, and disturbed flatwoods. This species occurs in a range of light levels, from shady to full sun, and in a variety of sandy soil types, including wet or dry loamy sand, boggy or gravelly soils, moist sand, sandy peat, and Penney (Typic Quartzipsamments) and Ridgewood (Aquic Quartzipsamments) soils.<ref name="fsu">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: L. C. Anderson, J. R. Burkhalter, A. F. Clewell, D. L. Fichtner, A. Gholson, R. K. Godfrey, R. Kral, R. Komarek, S. W. Leonard, M. Mayo, S. McDaniel J. B. Nelson, S. L. Orzell, P. L. Redfearn, W. D. Reese, A. Schmidt, C. R. Slaughter, and Jr. R. Wilson. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Clay, Duval, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Jackson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Okaloosa, St. Johns, Taylor, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington. Georgia: Thomas.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | Associated species include ''Baptisia simplicifolia, Callisia, Chrysopsis, [[Crotalaria rotundifolia]], Sisyrinchium, Stipullicida, Euphorbia telephioides, [[Cyperus filiculmis]], Sophronanthe hispida, [[Tragia urens]], [[Pinus palustris]], [[Quercus laevis]],'' and ''[[Aristida stricta]].''<ref name="fsu"/> | ||
| − | + | ===Phenology===<!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | |
| + | This species flowers from spring to summer.<ref name="wunderlin"/> Specifically, in Florida, flowering has been observed from May to September and fruiting has been observed from June through August.<ref name="fsu"/><ref>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 7 DEC 2016</ref> | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
===Seed dispersal=== | ===Seed dispersal=== | ||
| − | + | This species is thought to be dispersed by wind. <ref>Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.</ref> | |
| + | |||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
===Fire ecology===<!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology===<!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | This species tolerates fire and has been found in recently burned longleaf pine communities, but the exact role fire plays in its life cycle is unknown<ref name="fsu"/> | + | This species tolerates fire and has been found in recently burned longleaf pine<ref name="fsu"/> and Florida sandhill<ref name="Leary & Bridged 2016">Observation by Patrick R. Leary and identification by Edwin Bridged in Ralph Simmons State Forest, FL, August 6 2016, posted to Florida Flora and Ecosystematics Facebook Group August 6, 2017.</ref> communities, but the exact role fire plays in its life cycle is unknown.<ref name="fsu"/> |
| + | |||
===Pollination=== | ===Pollination=== | ||
| − | Pollination of ''Asclepias'' is unusual. Pollen is contained in sacs (pollinia) located in the slits of the flower (stigmatic slits), when a pollinator walks across the flower head, these sacs attach to the pollinator and disperses on to another plant when the pollinator lands and walks<ref name="fnps"/> | + | Pollination of ''Asclepias'' is unusual. Pollen is contained in sacs (pollinia) located in the slits of the flower (stigmatic slits), when a pollinator walks across the flower head, these sacs attach to the pollinator and disperses on to another plant when the pollinator lands and walks.<ref name="fnps"/> There is no specialist insect pollinator.<ref name="xerces">[[http://www.xerces.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Milkweeds_XerSoc_june2014.pdf]]Xerces Society. Accessed: March 30, 2016</ref> In Jackson County, FL, a spider was observed pollinating ''A. cinerea''.<ref name="Griffith 2016">Observation by Floyd Griffith in Jackson County, FL, June 24, 2016, posted to Florida Flora and Ecosystematics Facebook Group June 24, 2016.</ref> |
| − | <!--=== | + | |
| + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===--> | ||
<!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | |||
| − | == | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| + | |||
| + | ==Cultural use== | ||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 09:18, 22 May 2023
| Asclepias cinerea | |
|---|---|
| |
| photo by Gil Nelson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Asclepiadaceae |
| Genus: | Asclepias |
| Species: | A. cinerea |
| Binomial name | |
| Asclepias cinerea Walter | |
| |
| Natural range of Asclepias cinerea from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: Carolina milkweed
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Asclepias is named for Asklepio, the Greek god of medicine and healing.[1]
Synonyms: none[2]
Varieties: none[2]
Description
In general, with the Asclepias genus, they are perennial herbs usually milky sap. The stems are erect, spreading or decumbent and usually are simple and often solitary. The leaves are opposite to subopposite, are sometimes whorled, and rarely alternate. The corolla lobes are reflexed and are rarely erect or spreading. The filaments are elaborate into five hood forming a corona around the gynosteguim. The corona horns are present in most species.[3]
Specifically, for Asclepias cinera, the stems are simple, slender and solitary; they grow up to 3-7 dm tall; and are puberulent in the lines below the nodes. The leaves are opposite, liner and 5-9 cm long to 1-2 mm wide, and are glabrous. The umbels are 1-4 terminal or axillary from upper nodes, 2-3.5 cm broad, and are usually less than 8-flowered. The corolla is lavender in color, the lobes are 5-7 mm long, the corona is 4-5 mm in diameter’ the lateral hood margins are conspicuous with the acuminate tooth extending beyond the truncate hood apex. The horn is about the same size, equaling the body of the hood. The follicles are smooth, 10-12 cm long, 5-10 mm broad, are erect on the erect pedicels. Flowers from June to July.[3]
Distribution
This species is found in southeast North Carolina, and south to Florida[2]. In Florida, it is restricted to the panhandle and northern counties.[4] Listed as critically imperiled in Alabama.[5]
Ecology
Habitat
Asclepias cinerea is found in pine savannas[2] and sandhills,[6][7] flatwoods, and bogs.[6] Specifically, it appears in longleaf pine-turkey oak woods, pine-palmetto woods, wiregrass savannas, scrub oak barrens, scrub at the edge of slash pine flatwoods, seepage slopes, and boggy savannas. It can also be found in disturbed areas, including sandy clearings along power line corridors, ditches, and disturbed flatwoods. This species occurs in a range of light levels, from shady to full sun, and in a variety of sandy soil types, including wet or dry loamy sand, boggy or gravelly soils, moist sand, sandy peat, and Penney (Typic Quartzipsamments) and Ridgewood (Aquic Quartzipsamments) soils.[8]
Associated species include Baptisia simplicifolia, Callisia, Chrysopsis, Crotalaria rotundifolia, Sisyrinchium, Stipullicida, Euphorbia telephioides, Cyperus filiculmis, Sophronanthe hispida, Tragia urens, Pinus palustris, Quercus laevis, and Aristida stricta.[8]
Phenology
This species flowers from spring to summer.[6] Specifically, in Florida, flowering has been observed from May to September and fruiting has been observed from June through August.[8][9]
Seed dispersal
This species is thought to be dispersed by wind. [10]
Fire ecology
This species tolerates fire and has been found in recently burned longleaf pine[8] and Florida sandhill[7] communities, but the exact role fire plays in its life cycle is unknown.[8]
Pollination
Pollination of Asclepias is unusual. Pollen is contained in sacs (pollinia) located in the slits of the flower (stigmatic slits), when a pollinator walks across the flower head, these sacs attach to the pollinator and disperses on to another plant when the pollinator lands and walks.[1] There is no specialist insect pollinator.[11] In Jackson County, FL, a spider was observed pollinating A. cinerea.[12]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 [[1]]Florida Native Plant Society. Accessed: March 30, 2016
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 848-854. Print.
- ↑ [[2]]Native Florida Wildflowers. Accessed: March 30, 2016
- ↑ [[3]]NatureServe. Accessed: March 30, 2016
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Wunderlin, Richard P. and Bruce F. Hansen. Guide to the Vascular Plants of Florida. Third edition. 2011. University Press of Florida: Gainesville/Tallahassee/Tampa/Boca Raton/Pensacola/Orlando/Miami/Jacksonville/Ft. Myers. 270. Print.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Observation by Patrick R. Leary and identification by Edwin Bridged in Ralph Simmons State Forest, FL, August 6 2016, posted to Florida Flora and Ecosystematics Facebook Group August 6, 2017.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: L. C. Anderson, J. R. Burkhalter, A. F. Clewell, D. L. Fichtner, A. Gholson, R. K. Godfrey, R. Kral, R. Komarek, S. W. Leonard, M. Mayo, S. McDaniel J. B. Nelson, S. L. Orzell, P. L. Redfearn, W. D. Reese, A. Schmidt, C. R. Slaughter, and Jr. R. Wilson. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Clay, Duval, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Jackson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Okaloosa, St. Johns, Taylor, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington. Georgia: Thomas.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 7 DEC 2016
- ↑ Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.
- ↑ [[4]]Xerces Society. Accessed: March 30, 2016
- ↑ Observation by Floyd Griffith in Jackson County, FL, June 24, 2016, posted to Florida Flora and Ecosystematics Facebook Group June 24, 2016.
