Difference between revisions of "Chaptalia tomentosa"

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| range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Chaptalia tomentosa'' from USDA NRCS [http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CHTO].
 
| range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Chaptalia tomentosa'' from USDA NRCS [http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CHTO].
 
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}}
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Common names: Woolly Sunbonnets; Pineland Daisy; Night-nodding Bog-dandelion; Sunbonnets
  
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Common name: Woolly sunbonnets
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==Taxonomic notes==
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<!--==Taxonomic notes==-->
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Synonyms: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref>
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==Description==
 
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<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->
 
  
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Varieties: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref>
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==Description== <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->
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''C. tomentosa'' is a perennial forb/herb that is a member of the Asteraceae family.<ref name= "USDA">USDA, NRCS. (2016). The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 5 April 2019). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.</ref> Leaf shape varies from elliptic to obovate with denticulate margins. The fruit type an achene (small, dry, and one-seeded). The flower is white with pinkish back petals.<ref name= "lady bird">[[https://www.wildflower.org/plants/search.php?search_field=&newsearch=true]] Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: April 5, 2019</ref>
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One study found the average maximum root depth to be 17 cm, and the average root porosity to be 14.3%.<ref name= "Brewer">Brewer, J. S., et al. (2011). "Carnivory in plants as a beneficial trait in wetlands." Aquatic Botany 94: 62-70.</ref> Its life history is long-lived.<ref name= "Hinman"/>
  
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
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''Chaptalia tomentosa'' is endemic to the longleaf pine range<ref>Sorrie, B. A. and A. S. Weakley 2001. Coastal Plain valcular plant endemics: Phytogeographic patterns. Castanea 66: 50-82.</ref> of the Southeastern Coastal Plain, from east North Carolina to south Florida and west to east Texas.<ref name= "Weakley"/>
  
 
==Ecology==
 
==Ecology==
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
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''Chaptalia tomentosa'' is a facultative wetland species commonly found in seepage areas, edges of ditches, along streams, in low meadows, roadside wetlands, open bogs, and swampy woodlands. This species can occur in non-wetland areas such as sandhill seeps, savannas, and pine flatwoods.<ref name= "Weakley">Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.</ref><ref name= "USDA"/><ref name= "herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: March 2019. Collectors: William P. Adams, Luis Almodovar, Loran C. Anderson, K. Craddock Burks, George R. Cooley, R.K. Godfrey, C. Jackson, Percy Jones, Lisa Keppner, M. Knott, R. Komarek, R. Kral, John M. Kunzer, R. L. Lazor, Joseph Monachino, T. Myint, R. A. Norris, Elmer C. Prichard, Cecil R Slaughter, R. R. Smith, L. B. Trott, and Rodie White. States and Counties: Florida: Baker, Bay, Calhoun, Charlotte, Clay, Collier, Flagler, Franklin, Gulf, Jackson, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Martin, Okaloosa, Pasco, Santa Rosa, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington. Georgia: Thomas.</ref>
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''C. tomentosa'' grows in soil types ranging from sandy peat to moist or wet loamy sand.<ref name="herbarium"/> One study found the species to increase in frequency when the overstory is thinned rather than clear cut.<ref name= "Brockway">Brockway, D. G. and C. E. Lewis (2003). "Influence of deer, cattle grazing and timber harvest on plant species diversity in a longleaf pine bluestem ecosystem." Forest Ecology and Management 175: 49-69.</ref>''C. tomentosa'' decreased in occurrence or was unaffected in response to soil disturbance by roller chopping in South Florida. It either resisted regrowth or remained unaffected in reestablished native habitat that was disturbed by roller chopping.<ref>Lewis, C.E. (1970). Responses to Chopping and Rock Phosphate on South Florida Ranges. Journal of Range Management 23(4):276-282.</ref> It increased in frequency in response to soil disturbance by clearcutting and chopping in North Florida flatwoods forests. It also showed positive regrowth in reestablished native flatwoods that were disturbed by clearcutting and chopping.<ref>Moore, W.H., B.F. Swindel, and W.S. Terry. (1982). Vegetative Response to Clearcutting and Chopping in a North Florida Flatwoods Forest. Journal of Range Management 35(2):214-218.</ref> Additionally, ''C. tomentosa'' was found to be an increaser in its short-term response to single mechanical soil disturbances.<ref name=Dixon>Dixon, C. M., K. M. Robertson, A. M. Reid and M. T. Rother. 2024. Mechanical soil disturbance in a pine savanna has multiyear effects on plant species composition. Ecosphere 15(2):e4759.</ref>
  
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''Chaptalia tomentosa'' is frequent and abundant in the Upper and Lower Panhandle Savannas community type and is an indicator species for the Lower Panhandle Savannas community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).<ref>Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.</ref>
  
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===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate:
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Associated species include ''[[Pinus elliottii]]'', ''[[Pinus palustris]]'', ''Aristida'' sp., ''[[Serenoa repens]]'', ''[[Hypericum fasciculatum]]'', ''Sarracenia'' sp., ''Helenium vernale'', ''Andropogon'' sp., ''Ascyrum tetrapetalum'', ''[[Drosera brevifolia]]'', ''Xyris'' sp., ''Taxodium'' sp., ''Sisyrinchium'' sp., ''Calopogon'' sp., ''Viola lanceolate'', and ''Pinguicula'' sp.<ref name= "herbarium"/>
  
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===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: -->
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''C. tomentosa'' has been observed flowering from January to June with peak inflorescence in March.<ref>Nelson, G.  [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/  Accessed: 7 DEC 2016</ref>
 
<!--===Seed dispersal===-->
 
<!--===Seed dispersal===-->
 
<!--===Seed bank and germination===-->
 
<!--===Seed bank and germination===-->
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===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses-->
 
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses-->
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The species could be hypothesized to be fire-tolerant since it is found in upper Florida panhandle savannas that are fire-dependent.<ref name= "Carr">Carr, S. C., et al. (2010). "A Vegetation Classification of Fire-Dependent Pinelands of Florida." Castanea 75(2): 153-189.</ref> One study found ''C. tomentosa'' to significantly increase in frequency in response to a recent fire.<ref name= "Hinman">Hinman, S. E. and J. S. Brewer (2007). "Responses of Two Frequently-Burned Wet Pine Savannas to an Extended Period without Fire." The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 134(4): 512-526.</ref> As number of growing seasons since past fire disturbance increases, one study found ''C. tomentosa'' to decrease in ground cover and frequency over the years.<ref name= "Lemon">Lemon, P. C. (1949). "Successional responses of herbs in the longleaf-slash pine forest after fire." Ecology 30: 135-145.</ref>
  
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<!--===Pollination===-->
  
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===Pollination===
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===Herbivory and toxicology===<!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.-->
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It is considered to have poor forage value.<ref name= "Hilman">Hilman, J. B. (1964). "Plants of the Caloosa Experimental Range " U.S. Forest Service Research Paper SE-12 </ref>
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<!--===Diseases and parasites===-->
  
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<!--===Use by animals===--> <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.-->
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==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration==
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<!--===Diseases and parasites===-->
 
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==Conservation and Management==
 
 
Global status rank: G5 secure <ref name="EOL">[[http://eol.org/pages/467615/details Encyclopedia of Life]] Accessed 5 June 2016</ref>.
 
Global status rank: G5 secure <ref name="EOL">[[http://eol.org/pages/467615/details Encyclopedia of Life]] Accessed 5 June 2016</ref>.
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<!--==Cultivation and restoration==-->
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<!--==Photo Gallery==-->
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==Cultural use==
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==Photo Gallery==
 
<gallery widths=180px>
 
<gallery widths=180px>
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
 
==References and notes==
 
==References and notes==

Latest revision as of 09:05, 1 August 2024

Chaptalia tomentosa
Chaptalia tomentosa KDSP.jpg
Photo by Katelin Pearson
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class: Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Chaptalia
Species: C. tomentosa
Binomial name
Chaptalia tomentosa
Vent.
Chaptalia tomentosa dist.jpg
Natural range of Chaptalia tomentosa from USDA NRCS [1].

Common names: Woolly Sunbonnets; Pineland Daisy; Night-nodding Bog-dandelion; Sunbonnets

Taxonomic notes

Synonyms: none.[1]

Varieties: none.[1]

Description

C. tomentosa is a perennial forb/herb that is a member of the Asteraceae family.[2] Leaf shape varies from elliptic to obovate with denticulate margins. The fruit type an achene (small, dry, and one-seeded). The flower is white with pinkish back petals.[3]

One study found the average maximum root depth to be 17 cm, and the average root porosity to be 14.3%.[4] Its life history is long-lived.[5]

Distribution

Chaptalia tomentosa is endemic to the longleaf pine range[6] of the Southeastern Coastal Plain, from east North Carolina to south Florida and west to east Texas.[7]

Ecology

Habitat

Chaptalia tomentosa is a facultative wetland species commonly found in seepage areas, edges of ditches, along streams, in low meadows, roadside wetlands, open bogs, and swampy woodlands. This species can occur in non-wetland areas such as sandhill seeps, savannas, and pine flatwoods.[7][2][8]

C. tomentosa grows in soil types ranging from sandy peat to moist or wet loamy sand.[8] One study found the species to increase in frequency when the overstory is thinned rather than clear cut.[9]C. tomentosa decreased in occurrence or was unaffected in response to soil disturbance by roller chopping in South Florida. It either resisted regrowth or remained unaffected in reestablished native habitat that was disturbed by roller chopping.[10] It increased in frequency in response to soil disturbance by clearcutting and chopping in North Florida flatwoods forests. It also showed positive regrowth in reestablished native flatwoods that were disturbed by clearcutting and chopping.[11] Additionally, C. tomentosa was found to be an increaser in its short-term response to single mechanical soil disturbances.[12]

Chaptalia tomentosa is frequent and abundant in the Upper and Lower Panhandle Savannas community type and is an indicator species for the Lower Panhandle Savannas community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).[13]

Associated species include Pinus elliottii, Pinus palustris, Aristida sp., Serenoa repens, Hypericum fasciculatum, Sarracenia sp., Helenium vernale, Andropogon sp., Ascyrum tetrapetalum, Drosera brevifolia, Xyris sp., Taxodium sp., Sisyrinchium sp., Calopogon sp., Viola lanceolate, and Pinguicula sp.[8]

Phenology

C. tomentosa has been observed flowering from January to June with peak inflorescence in March.[14]

Fire ecology

The species could be hypothesized to be fire-tolerant since it is found in upper Florida panhandle savannas that are fire-dependent.[15] One study found C. tomentosa to significantly increase in frequency in response to a recent fire.[5] As number of growing seasons since past fire disturbance increases, one study found C. tomentosa to decrease in ground cover and frequency over the years.[16]


Herbivory and toxicology

It is considered to have poor forage value.[17]

Conservation, cultivation, and restoration

Global status rank: G5 secure [18].

Cultural use

Photo Gallery

References and notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 USDA, NRCS. (2016). The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 5 April 2019). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.
  3. ↑ [[2]] Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: April 5, 2019
  4. ↑ Brewer, J. S., et al. (2011). "Carnivory in plants as a beneficial trait in wetlands." Aquatic Botany 94: 62-70.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Hinman, S. E. and J. S. Brewer (2007). "Responses of Two Frequently-Burned Wet Pine Savannas to an Extended Period without Fire." The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 134(4): 512-526.
  6. ↑ Sorrie, B. A. and A. S. Weakley 2001. Coastal Plain valcular plant endemics: Phytogeographic patterns. Castanea 66: 50-82.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: March 2019. Collectors: William P. Adams, Luis Almodovar, Loran C. Anderson, K. Craddock Burks, George R. Cooley, R.K. Godfrey, C. Jackson, Percy Jones, Lisa Keppner, M. Knott, R. Komarek, R. Kral, John M. Kunzer, R. L. Lazor, Joseph Monachino, T. Myint, R. A. Norris, Elmer C. Prichard, Cecil R Slaughter, R. R. Smith, L. B. Trott, and Rodie White. States and Counties: Florida: Baker, Bay, Calhoun, Charlotte, Clay, Collier, Flagler, Franklin, Gulf, Jackson, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Martin, Okaloosa, Pasco, Santa Rosa, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington. Georgia: Thomas.
  9. ↑ Brockway, D. G. and C. E. Lewis (2003). "Influence of deer, cattle grazing and timber harvest on plant species diversity in a longleaf pine bluestem ecosystem." Forest Ecology and Management 175: 49-69.
  10. ↑ Lewis, C.E. (1970). Responses to Chopping and Rock Phosphate on South Florida Ranges. Journal of Range Management 23(4):276-282.
  11. ↑ Moore, W.H., B.F. Swindel, and W.S. Terry. (1982). Vegetative Response to Clearcutting and Chopping in a North Florida Flatwoods Forest. Journal of Range Management 35(2):214-218.
  12. ↑ Dixon, C. M., K. M. Robertson, A. M. Reid and M. T. Rother. 2024. Mechanical soil disturbance in a pine savanna has multiyear effects on plant species composition. Ecosphere 15(2):e4759.
  13. ↑ Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.
  14. ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 7 DEC 2016
  15. ↑ Carr, S. C., et al. (2010). "A Vegetation Classification of Fire-Dependent Pinelands of Florida." Castanea 75(2): 153-189.
  16. ↑ Lemon, P. C. (1949). "Successional responses of herbs in the longleaf-slash pine forest after fire." Ecology 30: 135-145.
  17. ↑ Hilman, J. B. (1964). "Plants of the Caloosa Experimental Range " U.S. Forest Service Research Paper SE-12
  18. ↑ [Encyclopedia of Life] Accessed 5 June 2016
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