Difference between revisions of "Solidago stricta"
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==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | ''Solidago stricta'' is widespread across the southeastern Coastal Plain region with disjunct populations in western Cuba.<ref>Sorrie, B. A. and A. S. Weakley 2001. Coastal Plain valcular plant endemics: Phytogeographic patterns. Castanea 66: 50-82.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, ''S. stricta'' can be found in open woodlands, pine flatwoods, pine-palmetto flatwoods, ditches, lagoon edges, banks of brackish marshes, high pinelands, longleaf pine-turkey oak ridges, salt flats bordering mangrove swamps, recently burned longleaf pine-wiregrass savannas, seepage bogs, banks of ephemeral ponds, tidal marshes, sandhills, and coastal dunes.<ref name=fsu> Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: July 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Cecil R Slaughter, Ann F. Johnson, Roomie Wilson, Robert L. Lazor, William P. Adams, R.K. Godfrey, William Reese, Paul Redfearn, John Morrill, R. Kral, M. Darst, Angus Gholson, F. C. Creager, D. B. Creager, Delzie Demaree, C. T. Reed, O. Lakela, J. B. Nelson, Sidney McDaniel, John Morrill, J. D. Lazor, V. I. Sullivan, A. H. Curtiss, A. F. Clewell, George R. Cooley, H. E. Grelen, Richard Carter, K. Craddock Burks, K. Studenroth, C. Florko, J. D. Lazor, Mark A Garland, Gary Knight, H. S. Conard, Rodie White, R. A. Norris, R. Komarek, Thomas E. Miller. States and Counties: Florida: Alachua, Bay, Broward, Calhoun, Charlotte, Dade, Dixie, Duval, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Hillsborough, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, Monroe, Nassau, Okaloosa, Pinellas, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla. Georgia: Grady, Thomas. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy. </ref> It can also be found in lawns, clobbered slash pines, recently planted slash pine plantations, roadsides, vacant lots, powerline corridors, and logged over hillside bogs. It tends to be more common in mesic and wet areas than dry areas.<ref name=walk> Walker, J. and R. K. Peet. 1983. Composition and species diversity of pine-wiregrass savannas of the Green Swamp, North Carolina. Vegetatio 55:163-179.</ref> Substrates include loamy sand, peaty sand, alluvial sands, limerock, sand, and sandy peat. <ref name=fsu/> | + | In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, ''S. stricta'' can be found in open woodlands, pine flatwoods, pine-palmetto flatwoods, ditches, lagoon edges, banks of brackish marshes, high pinelands, longleaf pine-turkey oak ridges, salt flats bordering mangrove swamps, recently burned longleaf pine-wiregrass savannas, seepage bogs, banks of ephemeral ponds, tidal marshes, sandhills, and coastal dunes.<ref name=fsu> Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: July 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Cecil R Slaughter, Ann F. Johnson, Roomie Wilson, Robert L. Lazor, William P. Adams, R.K. Godfrey, William Reese, Paul Redfearn, John Morrill, R. Kral, M. Darst, Angus Gholson, F. C. Creager, D. B. Creager, Delzie Demaree, C. T. Reed, O. Lakela, J. B. Nelson, Sidney McDaniel, John Morrill, J. D. Lazor, V. I. Sullivan, A. H. Curtiss, A. F. Clewell, George R. Cooley, H. E. Grelen, Richard Carter, K. Craddock Burks, K. Studenroth, C. Florko, J. D. Lazor, Mark A Garland, Gary Knight, H. S. Conard, Rodie White, R. A. Norris, R. Komarek, Thomas E. Miller. States and Counties: Florida: Alachua, Bay, Broward, Calhoun, Charlotte, Dade, Dixie, Duval, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Hillsborough, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, Monroe, Nassau, Okaloosa, Pinellas, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla. Georgia: Grady, Thomas. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy. </ref> It can also be found in lawns, clobbered slash pines, recently planted slash pine plantations, roadsides, vacant lots, powerline corridors, and logged over hillside bogs. It tends to be more common in mesic and wet areas than dry areas.<ref name=walk> Walker, J. and R. K. Peet. 1983. Composition and species diversity of pine-wiregrass savannas of the Green Swamp, North Carolina. Vegetatio 55:163-179.</ref> Substrates include loamy sand, peaty sand, alluvial sands, limerock, sand, and sandy peat.<ref name=fsu/> |
| − | + | ||
| + | ''S. stricta'' became absent in response to military training in west Georgia. It has shown resistance to regrowth in reestablished longleaf pine forests that were disturbed by this activity.<ref name=dale>Dale, V.H., S.C. Beyeler, and B. Jackson. (2002). Understory vegetation indicators of anthropogenic disturbance in longleaf pine forests at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA. Ecological Indicators 1(3):155-170.</ref> | ||
''Solidago stricta'' is an indicator species for the Upper Panhandle Savannas community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).<ref>Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.</ref> | ''Solidago stricta'' is an indicator species for the Upper Panhandle Savannas community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).<ref>Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Associated species include ''[[Vigna luteola]], Liatris, Pityopsis, [[Aristida stricta]], [[Pinus palustris]], Andropogon, Solidago sempervirens, Senecio'' and ''Euthamia''.<ref name=fsu/> | ||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
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===Seed dispersal=== | ===Seed dispersal=== | ||
| − | This species is thought to be dispersed by wind. <ref>Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.</ref> | + | This species is thought to be dispersed by wind.<ref>Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.</ref> |
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | <!--===Pollination===--> | + | ===Fire ecology===<!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> |
| − | + | Populations of ''Solidago stricta'' have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.<ref>Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref> | |
| + | |||
| + | <!--===Pollination===--> | ||
| + | ===Herbivory and toxicology===<!--Common herbivores, granivory, insect hosting, poisonous chemicals, allelopathy, etc--> | ||
| + | ''Solidago stricta'' has been observed to host the bee ''Colletes simulans'' (family Colletidae).<ref>Discoverlife.org [https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Bidens+albaDiscoverlife.org|Discoverlife.org]</ref> | ||
<!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | ==Conservation and | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| − | == | + | ''S. stricta'' should avoid soil disturbance by military training to conserve its presence in pine communities.<ref name=dale/> |
| + | |||
| + | ==Cultural use== | ||
| + | |||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 12:34, 15 July 2022
| Solidago stricta | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo taken by Gil Nelson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae |
| Genus: | Solidago |
| Species: | S. stricta |
| Binomial name | |
| Solidago stricta Aiton | |
| |
| Natural range of Solidago stricta from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common names: Wand goldenrod, Pine barren bog goldenrod, Willow-leaf goldenrod
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: Solidago perlonga Fernald; S. gracillima
Subspecies: S. stricta Aiton ssp. gracillima (Torrey & A. Gray) Semple
Description
A description of Solidago stricta is provided in The Flora of North America.
Distribution
Solidago stricta is widespread across the southeastern Coastal Plain region with disjunct populations in western Cuba.[1]
Ecology
Habitat
In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, S. stricta can be found in open woodlands, pine flatwoods, pine-palmetto flatwoods, ditches, lagoon edges, banks of brackish marshes, high pinelands, longleaf pine-turkey oak ridges, salt flats bordering mangrove swamps, recently burned longleaf pine-wiregrass savannas, seepage bogs, banks of ephemeral ponds, tidal marshes, sandhills, and coastal dunes.[2] It can also be found in lawns, clobbered slash pines, recently planted slash pine plantations, roadsides, vacant lots, powerline corridors, and logged over hillside bogs. It tends to be more common in mesic and wet areas than dry areas.[3] Substrates include loamy sand, peaty sand, alluvial sands, limerock, sand, and sandy peat.[2]
S. stricta became absent in response to military training in west Georgia. It has shown resistance to regrowth in reestablished longleaf pine forests that were disturbed by this activity.[4]
Solidago stricta is an indicator species for the Upper Panhandle Savannas community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).[5]
Associated species include Vigna luteola, Liatris, Pityopsis, Aristida stricta, Pinus palustris, Andropogon, Solidago sempervirens, Senecio and Euthamia.[2]
Phenology
S. stricta has been observed flowering year round and fruiting February through December.[2][6]
Seed dispersal
This species is thought to be dispersed by wind.[7]
Fire ecology
Populations of Solidago stricta have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.[8]
Herbivory and toxicology
Solidago stricta has been observed to host the bee Colletes simulans (family Colletidae).[9]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
S. stricta should avoid soil disturbance by military training to conserve its presence in pine communities.[4]
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ Sorrie, B. A. and A. S. Weakley 2001. Coastal Plain valcular plant endemics: Phytogeographic patterns. Castanea 66: 50-82.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: July 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Cecil R Slaughter, Ann F. Johnson, Roomie Wilson, Robert L. Lazor, William P. Adams, R.K. Godfrey, William Reese, Paul Redfearn, John Morrill, R. Kral, M. Darst, Angus Gholson, F. C. Creager, D. B. Creager, Delzie Demaree, C. T. Reed, O. Lakela, J. B. Nelson, Sidney McDaniel, John Morrill, J. D. Lazor, V. I. Sullivan, A. H. Curtiss, A. F. Clewell, George R. Cooley, H. E. Grelen, Richard Carter, K. Craddock Burks, K. Studenroth, C. Florko, J. D. Lazor, Mark A Garland, Gary Knight, H. S. Conard, Rodie White, R. A. Norris, R. Komarek, Thomas E. Miller. States and Counties: Florida: Alachua, Bay, Broward, Calhoun, Charlotte, Dade, Dixie, Duval, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Hillsborough, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, Monroe, Nassau, Okaloosa, Pinellas, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla. Georgia: Grady, Thomas. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
- ↑ Walker, J. and R. K. Peet. 1983. Composition and species diversity of pine-wiregrass savannas of the Green Swamp, North Carolina. Vegetatio 55:163-179.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Dale, V.H., S.C. Beyeler, and B. Jackson. (2002). Understory vegetation indicators of anthropogenic disturbance in longleaf pine forests at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA. Ecological Indicators 1(3):155-170.
- ↑ Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 14 DEC 2016
- ↑ Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.
- ↑ Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.
- ↑ Discoverlife.org [1]
