Difference between revisions of "Balduina angustifolia"
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{{taxobox | {{taxobox | ||
| name = Balduina angustifolia | | name = Balduina angustifolia | ||
| − | | image = | + | | image = Bald_angu.jpg |
| − | | image_caption = | + | | image_caption = Photo by Karan A. Rawlins, University of Georgia, [http://www.forestryimages.org Bugwood.org] |
| regnum = Plantae | | regnum = Plantae | ||
| divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | | divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | ||
| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
Common name: Coastal plain honeycombhead | Common name: Coastal plain honeycombhead | ||
==Taxonomic notes== | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| − | Synonyms: '' | + | Synonyms: ''Actinospermum angustifolium'' (Pursh) Torrey & A. Gray.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | Varieties: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| Line 25: | Line 27: | ||
A description of ''Balduina angustifolia'' is provided in [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066204 The Flora of North America]. | A description of ''Balduina angustifolia'' is provided in [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066204 The Flora of North America]. | ||
| − | The genus ''Balduina'' is characterized by receptacular bractlets connected in a honeycomb like structure surrounding the achene | + | The genus ''Balduina'' is characterized by receptacular bractlets connected in a honeycomb like structure surrounding the achene.<ref>Small, J.K. 1933. Manual of the Southeaster flora. New York. |
| + | </ref> | ||
| − | + | ''Balduina angustifolia'', specifically, is a biennial species that forms a basal rosette the first year and a leafy flowering stem the second year<ref name="Anderson">Anderson, R. C. and E. S. Menges (1997). "Effects of fire on sandhill herbs: nutrients, mycorrhizae, and biomass allocation." American Journal of Botany 84: 938-948.</ref>. The plant can grow up to 4 - 5 feet in height with many side branches near the top<ref name="Native">[[http://hawthornhillwildflowers.blogspot.com/2010/11/honeycombhead-balduina-angustifolia.html Native Florida Wildflowers]] Accessed December 1, 2015</ref>, and it does not have specialized underground storage units apart from its fibrous roots.<ref name="Diaz"> Diaz-Toribio, M.H. and F. E. Putz 2021. Underground carbohydrate stores and storage organs in fire-maintained longleaf pine savannas in Florida, USA. American Journal of Botany 108: 432-442.</ref> Diaz-Toribio and Putz (2021) recorded this species to have a water content of 65.5% (ranking 46 out of 100 species studied).<ref name="Diaz"/> | |
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| − | + | According to Diaz-Torbio and putz (2021), ''Balduina angustifolia'' has fibrous roots with a below-ground to above-ground biomass ratio of 0.145 and nonstructural carbohydrate concentration of 59.5 mg g<sup>-1</sup>.<ref>Diaz-Torbio, M. H. and F. E. Putz. 2021. Underground carbohydrate stores and storage organs in fire-maintained longleaf pine savannas in Florida, USA. American Journal of Botany 108(3):432-442.</ref> | |
| − | == | + | ==Distribution== |
| − | + | The ''Balduina'' genera is endemic to the longleaf pine range from southeastern Virginia to central Florida and west to southeast Texas.<ref>Sorrie, B. A. and A. S. Weakley 2001. Coastal Plain valcular plant endemics: Phytogeographic patterns. Castanea 66: 50-82.</ref> | |
| − | == | + | ==Ecology== |
| − | === | + | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> |
| − | + | In the Coastal Plain in Florida, ''B. angustifolia'' has been found in sand dunes; turkey oak sand ridges; pine scrubs; rosemary-oak scrubs; scrub oak-longleaf pine ridges; wiregrass/longleaf pine sandhills; pine flatwoods; bordering sidestreams; open woodlands; and xeric oak/saw palmetto scrubs.<ref name="FSU">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: William P. Adams, Jame Amoroso, Loran C. Anderson, Robert Blaisdell, K.E. Blum, A.F. Clewell, George R. Cooley, Richard J. Eaton, R.K. Godfrey, H.E. Grelen, Bruce Hansen, JoAnn Hansen, Richard D. Houk, R. Kral, Bob Lazor, S.W. Leonard, Sidney McDaniel, Thomas E. Miller, J.B. Morrill, Putnam, James D. Ray Jr., Siri von Reis, Paul L. Redfearn Jr., Paul O. Schallert, Victoria I. Sullivan, Bian Tan, E.L. Tyson, Jean Wooten. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Broward, Calhoun, Collier, Columbia, Clay, Columbia, Dixie, Escambia, Franklin, Hernando, Highlands, Jackson, Lafayette, Lee, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Martin, Okaloosa, Osceola, Pinellas, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Sarasota, Seminole, Suwannee, Taylor, Walton, Wakulla. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref> There are larger populations of ''B. angustifolia'' in bare, open sands than in sites with shrubs or litter, making it a gap specialist.<ref name="Stephens">Stephens, E. L., M. R. Tye, et al. (2014). "Habitat and microsite influence demography of two herbs in intact and degraded scrub." Population Ecology 56(3): 447-461.</ref> | |
| + | It is common in areas of soil disturbance produced by gopher tortoises.<ref name="Anderson"></ref> This plant is early successional species and has been found to have a greater population growth in degraded scrubs compared to intact scrubs.<ref name="Stephens"></ref> In a study conducted by Petru and Menges (2004) found that ''B. angustifolia'' responded to an experimental sand removal by elongating the flowering stems.<ref name="FSU"></ref><ref name="Petru"/> Sandhill and scrub habitats have a low availability of inorganic nutrients such as phosphorous causing ''B. angustifolia'' to depend on mycorrhizal fungi colonization on the taproot system.<ref name="Anderson"></ref> As a result of colonizing low nutrient distrubed areas, ''B. augustifolia'' can be found in disturbed areas such as roadsides, highways, powerline corridors, bulldozed scrub oak ridges and clobbered slash pine forests.<ref name="FSU"></ref><ref name="Petru">Petru, M. and E. S. Menges (2004). "Shifting sands in Florida scrub gaps and roadsides: Dynamic microsites for herbs." American Midland Naturalist 151(1): 101-113.</ref> Soil types include deep sand and loamy sand.<ref name="FSU"></ref> | ||
| − | + | ''Balduina angustifolia'' is an indicator species for the Peninsula Xeric Sandhills community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).<ref>Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire- dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.</ref> | |
| − | |||
| − | + | Associated species include ''Gaillardia, Pityopsis, Polygonella, Chrysoma, Ceratiola ericoides, Liatris, Leptoloma cognata, Pinus clausa'', and ''[[Quercus virginiana]].''<ref name="FSU"></ref> | |
| − | + | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | |
| + | Both the disc and ray flowers are yellow, with the ripe disc flowers forming a grey honeycomb shape seed.<ref name="Native"/> The ripe seed can remain attached to the stem for months, allowing for favorable germination conditions in late winter and early spring.<ref name="Native"/> It has been observed flowering August through November, with its peak inflorescence in October, and fruiting September and October.<ref name="FSU"></ref><ref>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 7 DEC 2016</ref> | ||
| − | + | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | |
| + | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
| − | + | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | |
| + | Following a fire, the first year rosettes were unable to survive or resprout, making it a fire-sensitive biennial.<ref name="Anderson"></ref> However, populations have been found to later re-establish on a burn site from seed.<ref name="Anderson"></ref> | ||
| − | Sphecidae | + | ===Pollination=== |
| + | ''Balduina angustifolia'' has been observed at the Archbold Biological Station to be visited by ground-nesting bees such as ''Andrena fulvipennis'' (family Andrenidae), bees from the Apidae family such as ''Apis mellifera, Bombus impatiens, B. pennsylvanicus, Nomada fervida, Svastra aegis'' and ''Triepiolus concavus'', sweat bees from the Halictidae family such as ''Agapostemon splendens, Augochlora pura, Augochlorella aurata, Augochloropsis metallica, A. sumptuosa, Dieunomia heteropoda, Halictus poeyi, Lasioglossum coreopsis, L. miniatulus, L. nymphalis. L. pectoralis'' and ''L. puteulanum'', leafcutting bees from the Megachilidae family such as ''Anthidiellum perplexum, Coelioxys dolichos, C. germana, C. mexicana, C. modesta, C. sayi, C. texana, Dolichostelis louisae, Megachile albitarsis, M. pseudobrevis, M. georgica, M. inimica, M. mendica, M. petulans, M. policaris, M. pruina, M. texana, M. xylocopoides'' and ''Trachusa fontemvitae'', thread-waisted wasps from the Sphecidae family such as ''Bembix sayi, Bicyrtes capnoptera, Ectemnius rufipes ais'' and ''Philanthus ventilabris'', and wasps from the Vespidae family such as ''Mischocyttarus cubensis, Pachodynerus erynnis'' and ''Zethus slossonae''.<ref>Deyrup, M.A. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowering plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.</ref> Additionally, this species has been observed with ground-nesting bees from the Andrenidae family such as ''Perdita bequaerti'' and ''P. consobrina'', as well as the bee ''Svastra aegis'' (family Apidae), platerer bees such as ''Colletes thysanellae'' (family Colletidae), and bees from the Melittidae family such as ''Hesperapis oraria''.<ref>Discoverlife.org [https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Bidens+albaDiscoverlife.org|Discoverlife.org]</ref> | ||
| − | + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===--> | |
| − | === | + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> |
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| − | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | |
| − | ==Conservation and | + | Global conservation status: G5.<ref name="natureserve">[[http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Balduina+angustifolia NatureServe]] Accessed: December 1, 2015</ref> |
| − | Global conservation status: G5<ref name="natureserve">[[http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Balduina+angustifolia NatureServe]] Accessed: December 1, 2015</ref> | ||
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
| + | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
| + | |||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
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Latest revision as of 13:21, 2 July 2024
| Balduina angustifolia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Karan A. Rawlins, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae |
| Genus: | Balduina |
| Species: | B. angustifolia |
| Binomial name | |
| Balduina angustifolia (Pursh) B.L. Rob. | |
| |
| Natural range of Balduina angustifolia from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: Coastal plain honeycombhead
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: Actinospermum angustifolium (Pursh) Torrey & A. Gray.[1]
Varieties: none.[1]
Description
A description of Balduina angustifolia is provided in The Flora of North America.
The genus Balduina is characterized by receptacular bractlets connected in a honeycomb like structure surrounding the achene.[2]
Balduina angustifolia, specifically, is a biennial species that forms a basal rosette the first year and a leafy flowering stem the second year[3]. The plant can grow up to 4 - 5 feet in height with many side branches near the top[4], and it does not have specialized underground storage units apart from its fibrous roots.[5] Diaz-Toribio and Putz (2021) recorded this species to have a water content of 65.5% (ranking 46 out of 100 species studied).[5]
According to Diaz-Torbio and putz (2021), Balduina angustifolia has fibrous roots with a below-ground to above-ground biomass ratio of 0.145 and nonstructural carbohydrate concentration of 59.5 mg g-1.[6]
Distribution
The Balduina genera is endemic to the longleaf pine range from southeastern Virginia to central Florida and west to southeast Texas.[7]
Ecology
Habitat
In the Coastal Plain in Florida, B. angustifolia has been found in sand dunes; turkey oak sand ridges; pine scrubs; rosemary-oak scrubs; scrub oak-longleaf pine ridges; wiregrass/longleaf pine sandhills; pine flatwoods; bordering sidestreams; open woodlands; and xeric oak/saw palmetto scrubs.[8] There are larger populations of B. angustifolia in bare, open sands than in sites with shrubs or litter, making it a gap specialist.[9] It is common in areas of soil disturbance produced by gopher tortoises.[3] This plant is early successional species and has been found to have a greater population growth in degraded scrubs compared to intact scrubs.[9] In a study conducted by Petru and Menges (2004) found that B. angustifolia responded to an experimental sand removal by elongating the flowering stems.[8][10] Sandhill and scrub habitats have a low availability of inorganic nutrients such as phosphorous causing B. angustifolia to depend on mycorrhizal fungi colonization on the taproot system.[3] As a result of colonizing low nutrient distrubed areas, B. augustifolia can be found in disturbed areas such as roadsides, highways, powerline corridors, bulldozed scrub oak ridges and clobbered slash pine forests.[8][10] Soil types include deep sand and loamy sand.[8]
Balduina angustifolia is an indicator species for the Peninsula Xeric Sandhills community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).[11]
Associated species include Gaillardia, Pityopsis, Polygonella, Chrysoma, Ceratiola ericoides, Liatris, Leptoloma cognata, Pinus clausa, and Quercus virginiana.[8]
Phenology
Both the disc and ray flowers are yellow, with the ripe disc flowers forming a grey honeycomb shape seed.[4] The ripe seed can remain attached to the stem for months, allowing for favorable germination conditions in late winter and early spring.[4] It has been observed flowering August through November, with its peak inflorescence in October, and fruiting September and October.[8][12]
Fire ecology
Following a fire, the first year rosettes were unable to survive or resprout, making it a fire-sensitive biennial.[3] However, populations have been found to later re-establish on a burn site from seed.[3]
Pollination
Balduina angustifolia has been observed at the Archbold Biological Station to be visited by ground-nesting bees such as Andrena fulvipennis (family Andrenidae), bees from the Apidae family such as Apis mellifera, Bombus impatiens, B. pennsylvanicus, Nomada fervida, Svastra aegis and Triepiolus concavus, sweat bees from the Halictidae family such as Agapostemon splendens, Augochlora pura, Augochlorella aurata, Augochloropsis metallica, A. sumptuosa, Dieunomia heteropoda, Halictus poeyi, Lasioglossum coreopsis, L. miniatulus, L. nymphalis. L. pectoralis and L. puteulanum, leafcutting bees from the Megachilidae family such as Anthidiellum perplexum, Coelioxys dolichos, C. germana, C. mexicana, C. modesta, C. sayi, C. texana, Dolichostelis louisae, Megachile albitarsis, M. pseudobrevis, M. georgica, M. inimica, M. mendica, M. petulans, M. policaris, M. pruina, M. texana, M. xylocopoides and Trachusa fontemvitae, thread-waisted wasps from the Sphecidae family such as Bembix sayi, Bicyrtes capnoptera, Ectemnius rufipes ais and Philanthus ventilabris, and wasps from the Vespidae family such as Mischocyttarus cubensis, Pachodynerus erynnis and Zethus slossonae.[13] Additionally, this species has been observed with ground-nesting bees from the Andrenidae family such as Perdita bequaerti and P. consobrina, as well as the bee Svastra aegis (family Apidae), platerer bees such as Colletes thysanellae (family Colletidae), and bees from the Melittidae family such as Hesperapis oraria.[14]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Global conservation status: G5.[15]
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ Small, J.K. 1933. Manual of the Southeaster flora. New York.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Anderson, R. C. and E. S. Menges (1997). "Effects of fire on sandhill herbs: nutrients, mycorrhizae, and biomass allocation." American Journal of Botany 84: 938-948.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 [Native Florida Wildflowers] Accessed December 1, 2015
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Diaz-Toribio, M.H. and F. E. Putz 2021. Underground carbohydrate stores and storage organs in fire-maintained longleaf pine savannas in Florida, USA. American Journal of Botany 108: 432-442.
- ↑ Diaz-Torbio, M. H. and F. E. Putz. 2021. Underground carbohydrate stores and storage organs in fire-maintained longleaf pine savannas in Florida, USA. American Journal of Botany 108(3):432-442.
- ↑ Sorrie, B. A. and A. S. Weakley 2001. Coastal Plain valcular plant endemics: Phytogeographic patterns. Castanea 66: 50-82.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: William P. Adams, Jame Amoroso, Loran C. Anderson, Robert Blaisdell, K.E. Blum, A.F. Clewell, George R. Cooley, Richard J. Eaton, R.K. Godfrey, H.E. Grelen, Bruce Hansen, JoAnn Hansen, Richard D. Houk, R. Kral, Bob Lazor, S.W. Leonard, Sidney McDaniel, Thomas E. Miller, J.B. Morrill, Putnam, James D. Ray Jr., Siri von Reis, Paul L. Redfearn Jr., Paul O. Schallert, Victoria I. Sullivan, Bian Tan, E.L. Tyson, Jean Wooten. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Broward, Calhoun, Collier, Columbia, Clay, Columbia, Dixie, Escambia, Franklin, Hernando, Highlands, Jackson, Lafayette, Lee, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Martin, Okaloosa, Osceola, Pinellas, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Sarasota, Seminole, Suwannee, Taylor, Walton, Wakulla. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Stephens, E. L., M. R. Tye, et al. (2014). "Habitat and microsite influence demography of two herbs in intact and degraded scrub." Population Ecology 56(3): 447-461.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Petru, M. and E. S. Menges (2004). "Shifting sands in Florida scrub gaps and roadsides: Dynamic microsites for herbs." American Midland Naturalist 151(1): 101-113.
- ↑ Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire- dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 7 DEC 2016
- ↑ Deyrup, M.A. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowering plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
- ↑ Discoverlife.org [1]
- ↑ [NatureServe] Accessed: December 1, 2015
