Difference between revisions of "Quercus marilandica"
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==Taxonomic Notes== | ==Taxonomic Notes== | ||
| − | Synonym: '' | + | Synonym: ''Quercus neoshei'' (Bush) |
| − | Variety: | + | Variety: ''Quercus marilandica'' Muenchhausen var. ''ashei'' Sudw.; ''Quercus marilandica'' Muenchhausen var. ''marilandica'' |
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| − | ''Q. marilandica'' is a perennial shrub/tree of the Fagaceae family that is native to North America. | + | ''Q. marilandica'' is a perennial shrub/tree of the Fagaceae family that is native to North America.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> |
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | ''Q. marilandica'' is found throughout the eastern United States; as far north as New York and as far west as Texas. <ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> | + | ''Q. marilandica'' is found throughout the eastern United States; as far north as New York and as far west as Texas.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> |
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
| − | ===Habitat=== | + | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> |
| − | Common habitats include upland forests and woodlands. It prefers droughty soils of clay, deep sands, or sandstones. <ref name= "Weakley"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.</ref> | + | ''Q. marilandica'' has been found in sandridges, sandpine woods, oak-pine woodlands, and pine flatwoods.<ref name="FSU"> Florida State University Herbarium Database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, D. E. Frazier, Robert K. Godfrey, H. Kurz, and W. D. Reese. States and counties: Florida: Jackson, Leon, Liberty, and Okaloosa.</ref> It is also found in disturbed areas including gravel dumps, old fields, and burned dry oak-hickory woodlands.<ref name="FSU"/> Associated species: ''Q. arkansana, Q. geminata, Q. laevis, Q. hemisphaerica, Q. myrtifolia'', and ''Q. stellata''.<ref name="FSU"/> Common habitats include upland forests and woodlands. It prefers droughty soils of clay, deep sands, or sandstones.<ref name= "Weakley"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.</ref> |
| − | ''Q. marilandica'' has been known to have a high tolerance to drought but it is not tolerant of shade. <ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> | + | ''Q. marilandica'' has been known to have a high tolerance to drought but it is not tolerant of shade.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> ''Q. marilandica'' was unaffected by agricultural-based soil disturbance in South Carolina coastal plains communities.<ref>Brudvig, L.A., J.L. Orrock, E.I. Damschen, C.D. Collins, P.G. Hahn, W.B. Mattingly, J.W. Veldman, and J.L. Walker. (2014). Land-Use History and Contemporary Management Inform an Ecological Reference Model for Longleaf Pine Woodland Understory Plant Communities. PLoS ONE 9(1): e86604.</ref> |
| − | + | ||
| − | ===Phenology=== | + | ''Q. marilandica'' became absent in response to military training in west Georgia longleaf pine forests. It has shown resistance to regrowth in reestablished longleaf habitats that were disturbed by this activity.<ref>Dale, V.H., S.C. Beyeler, and B. Jackson. (2002). Understory vegetation indicators of anthropogenic disturbance in longleaf pine forests at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA. Ecological Indicators 1(3):155-170.</ref> |
| − | Blooms typically occur during the mid spring and seeding in the fall. <ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref | + | |
| − | + | ===Phenology===<!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | |
| + | Blooms typically occur during the mid spring and seeding in the fall.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> | ||
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
| − | ===Fire ecology=== | + | |
| − | ''Q. marilandica'' has a low tolerance for fire | + | ===Fire ecology===<!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> |
| − | + | ''Q. marilandica'' has a low tolerance for fire<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>; despite this, populations have been known to persist through repeated annual burns.<ref>Robertson, K.M. Unpublished data collected from Pebble Hill Fire Plots, Pebble Hill Plantation, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref><ref>Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref> | |
| − | <!--===Pollination===--> | + | <!--===Pollination===--> |
| − | + | ||
| + | ===Herbivory and toxicology===<!--Common herbivores, granivory, insect hosting, poisonous chemicals, allelopathy, etc--> | ||
| + | ''Q. marilandica'' has been observed to host planthoppers such as ''Catonia sp.'' (family Achilidae), leafhoppers from the Cicadellidae family such as ''Alebra sp., Erasmoneura vulnerata, Eratoneura acantha, E. ardens and E. parva,'' and ''Cedusa sp.'' (family Derbidae) and members of the Flatidae family such as ''Metcalfa pruinosa'' and ''Flatormenis proxima'', as well as treehoppers from the Membracidae family such as ''Cyrtolobus fuliginosus, Cyrtolobus ovatus, Cyrtolobus tuberosus, Entylia carinata, Ophiderma pubescens'' and ''Smilia camelus.''<ref>Discoverlife.org [https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Bidens+albaDiscoverlife.org|Discoverlife.org]</ref> | ||
<!--==Diseases and parasites==--> | <!--==Diseases and parasites==--> | ||
| − | ==Conservation and | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 10:51, 15 July 2022
| Quercus marilandica | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by John Gwaltney hosted at Southeastern Flora.com | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicots |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Fagaceae |
| Genus: | Quercus |
| Species: | Q. marilandica |
| Binomial name | |
| Quercus marilandica Munchh | |
| |
| Natural range of Quercus marilandica from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonym: Quercus neoshei (Bush)
Variety: Quercus marilandica Muenchhausen var. ashei Sudw.; Quercus marilandica Muenchhausen var. marilandica
Description
Q. marilandica is a perennial shrub/tree of the Fagaceae family that is native to North America.[1]
Distribution
Q. marilandica is found throughout the eastern United States; as far north as New York and as far west as Texas.[1]
Ecology
Habitat
Q. marilandica has been found in sandridges, sandpine woods, oak-pine woodlands, and pine flatwoods.[2] It is also found in disturbed areas including gravel dumps, old fields, and burned dry oak-hickory woodlands.[2] Associated species: Q. arkansana, Q. geminata, Q. laevis, Q. hemisphaerica, Q. myrtifolia, and Q. stellata.[2] Common habitats include upland forests and woodlands. It prefers droughty soils of clay, deep sands, or sandstones.[3]
Q. marilandica has been known to have a high tolerance to drought but it is not tolerant of shade.[1] Q. marilandica was unaffected by agricultural-based soil disturbance in South Carolina coastal plains communities.[4]
Q. marilandica became absent in response to military training in west Georgia longleaf pine forests. It has shown resistance to regrowth in reestablished longleaf habitats that were disturbed by this activity.[5]
Phenology
Blooms typically occur during the mid spring and seeding in the fall.[1]
Fire ecology
Q. marilandica has a low tolerance for fire[1]; despite this, populations have been known to persist through repeated annual burns.[6][7]
Herbivory and toxicology
Q. marilandica has been observed to host planthoppers such as Catonia sp. (family Achilidae), leafhoppers from the Cicadellidae family such as Alebra sp., Erasmoneura vulnerata, Eratoneura acantha, E. ardens and E. parva, and Cedusa sp. (family Derbidae) and members of the Flatidae family such as Metcalfa pruinosa and Flatormenis proxima, as well as treehoppers from the Membracidae family such as Cyrtolobus fuliginosus, Cyrtolobus ovatus, Cyrtolobus tuberosus, Entylia carinata, Ophiderma pubescens and Smilia camelus.[8]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 USDA Plant Database
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Florida State University Herbarium Database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, D. E. Frazier, Robert K. Godfrey, H. Kurz, and W. D. Reese. States and counties: Florida: Jackson, Leon, Liberty, and Okaloosa.
- ↑ Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ Brudvig, L.A., J.L. Orrock, E.I. Damschen, C.D. Collins, P.G. Hahn, W.B. Mattingly, J.W. Veldman, and J.L. Walker. (2014). Land-Use History and Contemporary Management Inform an Ecological Reference Model for Longleaf Pine Woodland Understory Plant Communities. PLoS ONE 9(1): e86604.
- ↑ Dale, V.H., S.C. Beyeler, and B. Jackson. (2002). Understory vegetation indicators of anthropogenic disturbance in longleaf pine forests at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA. Ecological Indicators 1(3):155-170.
- ↑ Robertson, K.M. Unpublished data collected from Pebble Hill Fire Plots, Pebble Hill Plantation, Thomasville, Georgia.
- ↑ Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.
- ↑ Discoverlife.org [1]
