Quercus chapmanii
| Quercus chapmanii | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Shirley Denton (Copyrighted, use by photographer’s permission only), Nature Photography by Shirley Denton | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Fagaceae |
| Genus: | Quercus |
| Species: | Q. chapmanii |
| Binomial name | |
| Quercus chapmanii Sarg. | |
| |
| Natural range of Quercus chapmanii from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: Chapman's oak
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Quercus is formed from two Celtic words: quer (beautiful) cuez (tree). Chapmanii is named after A.W. Chapman (1809-1899) a physician and botanist.[1]
Description
A description of Quercus chapmanii is provided in The Flora of North America. Q. chapmanii is a member of the white oak group which can be classified as having alternative, rounded leaves and a smooth inner acorn shell.[2]
Distribution
Q. chapmanii is found in xeric scrubs and scrubby flatwoods in Florida, coastal Alabama, Georgia, and the southern portion of South Carolina[1].
Ecology
Habitat
In the Coastal Plain in Florida, Q. chapmanii has occurred in a scrub thicket between dunes and a sound; sand pine scrubs; island sand ridges; sand barrens; high pine scrubs; ravines along creeks; scrub oak-wiregrass sand ridges; evergreen oak scrubs; live oak hammocks; sand pine/mixed oak scrub; coastal scrubs; dune scrubs; pine flatwoods; pine-scrub oak-palmetto communities; and oak-hickory-magnolia coastal hammocks. It has been observed in disturbed habitats such as along roadsides, a sandhill scrub next to powerlines, and a stand of cleared longleaf pine that is now a thick stand of mixed oaks. Soil types include white sand, loamy sand and sandy loam. Associated species include Quercus myrtifolia, Q. incana, Q. laevis, Q. geminata, Q. hemisphaerica, Q. laurifolia, Q. nigra, Q. minima, Ilex glabra, Serenoa repens, Sabal minor, Pinus clausa, Carya, and Vitis rotundifolia[3].
This species does not tolerate long term flooding by salt or brackish water, however, it has a high drought tolerance[4].
Phenology
Q. chapmanii flowers March through July and fruits March through December[3].
Seed dispersal
Acorns are dispersed by wind and gravity[4].
Pollination
The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of Quercus chapmanii at Archbold Biological Station: [5]
Andrenidae: Andrena dimorpha
Apidae: Apis mellifera
Colletidae: Colletes brimleyi
Halictidae: Agapostemon splendens, Augochlora pura, Augochlorella aurata, Augochloropsis metallica, Lasioglossum miniatulus
Use by animals
Acorns provide food to birds and large mammals[1]. This species is also a larval host for Horace's duskywing, Juvenal's duskywing, and red-banded hairstreak butterflies[4].
Conservation and management
Cultivation and restoration
Quercus species contain tannin, which is an active chemical in most medicine derived from oaks, that prevents viruses, infections and tumors[1].
Photo Gallery
References and notes
Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: November 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Wilson Baker, Tom Barnes, L.J. Brass, Michael Brooks, James R. Burkhaulter, Andre F. Clewell, W.M. Cross, William B. Fox, Robert K. Godfrey, Bruce Hansen, JoAnn Hanson, R.D. Houk, H. Kurz, O. Lakela, Robert J. Lemaire, S.W. Leonard, Sidney McDaniel, Marc Minno, J.B. Nelson, Ann M. Redmond, W.D. Reese, Grady W. Reinert , H.F.L Rock, Cecil R. Slaughter. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Citrus, Clay, Collier, Duval, Escambia, Flagler, Franklin, Gilchrist, Gulf, Hernando, Highlands, Indian River, Lake, Levy, Marion, Martin, Okaloosa, Orange, Osceola, Palm Beach, Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 [[1]] University of Florida Extension. Accessed: March 7, 2016
- ↑ [[2]] University of Florida Extension. Accessed: March 7, 2016
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: November 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Wilson Baker, Tom Barnes, L.J. Brass, Michael Brooks, James R. Burkhaulter, Andre F. Clewell, W.M. Cross, William B. Fox, Robert K. Godfrey, Bruce Hansen, JoAnn Hanson, R.D. Houk, H. Kurz, O. Lakela, Robert J. Lemaire, S.W. Leonard, Sidney McDaniel, Marc Minno, J.B. Nelson, Ann M. Redmond, W.D. Reese, Grady W. Reinert , H.F.L Rock, Cecil R. Slaughter. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Citrus, Clay, Collier, Duval, Escambia, Flagler, Franklin, Gilchrist, Gulf, Hernando, Highlands, Indian River, Lake, Levy, Marion, Martin, Okaloosa, Orange, Osceola, Palm Beach, Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 [[3]]Regional Conservation. Accessed: March 7, 2016
- ↑ Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
