Difference between revisions of "Pityopsis graminifolia"

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''Pityopsis graminifolia'' is restricted to native groundcover with a statistical affinity in upland pinelands of South Georgia.<ref name=oster> Ostertag, T.E., and K.M. Robertson. 2007. A comparison of native versus old-field vegetation in upland pinelands managed with frequent fire, South Georgia, USA. Pages 109–120 in R.E. Masters and K.E.M. Galley (eds.). Proceedings of the 23rd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference: Fire in Grassland and Shrubland Ecosystems. </ref> This species is considered an indicator of non-agriculture history in frequently burned longleaf pine habitats.<ref name= "Hahn"/>  
 
''Pityopsis graminifolia'' is restricted to native groundcover with a statistical affinity in upland pinelands of South Georgia.<ref name=oster> Ostertag, T.E., and K.M. Robertson. 2007. A comparison of native versus old-field vegetation in upland pinelands managed with frequent fire, South Georgia, USA. Pages 109–120 in R.E. Masters and K.E.M. Galley (eds.). Proceedings of the 23rd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference: Fire in Grassland and Shrubland Ecosystems. </ref> This species is considered an indicator of non-agriculture history in frequently burned longleaf pine habitats.<ref name= "Hahn"/>  
  
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However, ''P. graminifolia'' responds positively to agricultural-based soil disturbance in South Carolina coastal plain communities. This marks it as a possible indicator species for post-agricultural woodland.<ref>Brudvig, L.A., E Grman, C.W. Habeck, and J.A. Ledvina. (2013). Strong legacy of agricultural land use on soils and understory plant communities in longleaf pine woodlands. Forest Ecology and Management 310: 944-955.</ref> ''P. graminifolia'' responds negagively to soil disturbance by heavy silvilculture in North Carolina.<ref>Cohen, S., R. Braham, and F. Sanchez. (2004). Seed Bank Viability in Disturbed Longleaf Pine Sites. Restoration Ecology 12(4):503-515.</ref> When exposed to soil disturbance by military training in West Georgia, ''P. graminifolia'' responds negatively by way of absence.<ref>Dale, V.H., S.C. Beyeler, and B. Jackson. (2002). Understory vegetation indicators of anthropogenic disturbance in longleaf pine forests at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA. Ecological Indicators 1(3):155-170.</ref> It exhibits no response to soil disturbance by clearcutting, bracke seeding, single roller chopping, broadcast seeding, high-severity burns, and salvage logging in Central Florida.<ref>Greenberg, C.H., D.G. Neary, L.D. Harris, and S.P. Linda. (1995). Vegetation Recovery Following High-intensity Wildfire and Silvicultural Treatments in Sand Pine Scrub. American Midland Naturalist 133(1):149-163.</ref> ''P. graminifolia'' responds negatively to soil disturbance by roller chopping in Northwest Florida sandhills,<ref>Hebb, E.A. (1971). Site Preparation Decreases Game Food Plants in Florida Sandhills. The Journal of Wildlife Management 35(1):155-162.</ref> negatively or not at all to soil disturbance by roller chopping in South Florida,<ref>Lewis, C.E. (1970). Responses to Chopping and Rock Phosphate on South Florida Ranges. Journal of Range Management 23(4):276-282.</ref> and positively to soil disturbance by clearcutting and roller chopping in North Florida.<ref>Lewis, C.E., G.W. Tanner, and W.S. Terry. (1988). Plant responses to pine management and deferred-rotation grazing in north Florida. Journal of Range Management 41(6):460-465.</ref>
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However, ''P. graminifolia'' responds positively to agricultural-based soil disturbance in South Carolina coastal plain communities. This marks it as a possible indicator species for post-agricultural woodland.<ref>Brudvig, L.A., E Grman, C.W. Habeck, and J.A. Ledvina. (2013). Strong legacy of agricultural land use on soils and understory plant communities in longleaf pine woodlands. Forest Ecology and Management 310: 944-955.</ref> ''P. graminifolia'' responds negagively to soil disturbance by heavy silvilculture in North Carolina.<ref>Cohen, S., R. Braham, and F. Sanchez. (2004). Seed Bank Viability in Disturbed Longleaf Pine Sites. Restoration Ecology 12(4):503-515.</ref> When exposed to soil disturbance by military training in West Georgia, ''P. graminifolia'' responds negatively by way of absence.<ref>Dale, V.H., S.C. Beyeler, and B. Jackson. (2002). Understory vegetation indicators of anthropogenic disturbance in longleaf pine forests at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA. Ecological Indicators 1(3):155-170.</ref> It exhibits no response to soil disturbance by clearcutting, bracke seeding, single roller chopping, broadcast seeding, high-severity burns, and salvage logging in Central Florida.<ref>Greenberg, C.H., D.G. Neary, L.D. Harris, and S.P. Linda. (1995). Vegetation Recovery Following High-intensity Wildfire and Silvicultural Treatments in Sand Pine Scrub. American Midland Naturalist 133(1):149-163.</ref> ''P. graminifolia'' responds negatively to soil disturbance by roller chopping in Northwest Florida sandhills,<ref>Hebb, E.A. (1971). Site Preparation Decreases Game Food Plants in Florida Sandhills. The Journal of Wildlife Management 35(1):155-162.</ref> negatively or not at all to soil disturbance by roller chopping in South Florida,<ref>Lewis, C.E. (1970). Responses to Chopping and Rock Phosphate on South Florida Ranges. Journal of Range Management 23(4):276-282.</ref> and positively to soil disturbance by clearcutting and roller chopping in North Florida.<ref>Lewis, C.E., G.W. Tanner, and W.S. Terry. (1988). Plant responses to pine management and deferred-rotation grazing in north Florida. Journal of Range Management 41(6):460-465.</ref> However, it does not respond to soil disturbance by clearcutting and chopping in North Florida flatwoods forests.<ref>Moore, W.H., B.F. Swindel, and W.S. Terry. (1982). Vegetative Response to Clearcutting and Chopping in a North Florida Flatwoods Forest. Journal of Range Management 35(2):214-218.</ref>
  
 
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->
 
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->

Revision as of 15:39, 22 July 2019

Pityopsis graminifolia
Pityopsis graminfolia MMS PH Oct 2015.jpg
Photo by Michelle Smith
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class: Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Pityopsis
Species: P. graminifolia
Binomial name
Pityopsis graminifolia
(Michx.) Nutt.
Pity gram dist.jpg
Natural range of Pityopsis graminifolia from USDA NRCS Plants Database.

Common name: Narrowleaf silkgrass

Taxonomic notes

Synonyms: Pityopsis graminifolia (Michaux) Nuttall var. graminifolia; Heterotheca nervosa (Willdenow) Shinners var. microcephala (Small) Shinners ex H.E. Ahles; Chrysopsis graminifolia (Michaux) Elliott var. graminifolia; Pityopsis microcephala (Small) Small; Chrysopsis graminifolia (Michaux) Elliott var. microcephala (Small) Cronquist; Heterotheca microcephala (Small) Shinners var. microcephala

Variety: Pityopsis graminifolia (Michaux) Nuttall var. latifolia Fernald; Pityopsis graminifolia (Michaux) Nuttall var. tenuifolia (Torrey) Semple & F.D. Bowers; Pityopsis graminifolia (Michaux) Nuttall var. graminifolia

Description

A description of Pityopsis graminifolia is provided in The Flora of North America.

Distribution

Ecology

Habitat

Pityopsis graminifolia is restricted to native groundcover with a statistical affinity in upland pinelands of South Georgia.[1] This species is considered an indicator of non-agriculture history in frequently burned longleaf pine habitats.[2]

However, P. graminifolia responds positively to agricultural-based soil disturbance in South Carolina coastal plain communities. This marks it as a possible indicator species for post-agricultural woodland.[3] P. graminifolia responds negagively to soil disturbance by heavy silvilculture in North Carolina.[4] When exposed to soil disturbance by military training in West Georgia, P. graminifolia responds negatively by way of absence.[5] It exhibits no response to soil disturbance by clearcutting, bracke seeding, single roller chopping, broadcast seeding, high-severity burns, and salvage logging in Central Florida.[6] P. graminifolia responds negatively to soil disturbance by roller chopping in Northwest Florida sandhills,[7] negatively or not at all to soil disturbance by roller chopping in South Florida,[8] and positively to soil disturbance by clearcutting and roller chopping in North Florida.[9] However, it does not respond to soil disturbance by clearcutting and chopping in North Florida flatwoods forests.[10]

Phenology

P. graminifolia has been observed flowering in January, April, May, July, and from September to December.[11]

Seed dispersal

This species disperses by wind. [12]

Fire ecology

May or may not show fire-stimulated flowering, depending on variety or ecotype. [13] [14] [15]

Pollination

The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of Pityopsis graminifolia at Archbold Biological Station. [16]

Andrenidae: Andrena fulvipennis

Apidae: Bombus impatiens, Epeolus pusillus, Nomada fervida

Colletidae: Colletes mandibularis

Halictidae: Agapostemon splendens, Augochlora pura, Augochlorella aurata, Augochloropsis anonyma, A. metallica, A. sumptuosa, Halictus poeyi, Lasioglossum miniatulus, L. nymphalis, L. pectoralis, L. placidensis

Leucospididae: Leucospis robertsoni

Megachilidae: Anthidiellum notatum rufomaculatum, A. perplexum, Anthidium maculifrons, Coelioxys octodentata, C. sayi, C. texana, Dianthidium floridiense, Megachile albitarsis, M. brevis pseudobrevis, M. georgica, M. inimica, M. mendica, M. petulans, M. pruina

Sphecidae: Bicyrtes capnoptera, Cerceris tolteca, Philanthus ventilabris, Prionyx thomae, Trypargilum clavatum johannis

Vespidae: Parancistrocerus salcularis rufulus, Stenodynerus beameri

Use by animals

Buds fed upon by white-tailed deer.[17] Common grasshoppers, including Melanopus angustipennis as well as grasshoppers in the subfamilies Melanoplinae and Cyrtacanthacridinae, are mixed feeders and often feed on Pityopsis graminifolia. This plant is quite susceptible to herbivory, but overall herbivory has weak effects on biomass and mortality.[2]

Conservation and management

Cultivation and restoration

Photo Gallery

References and notes

  1. ↑ Ostertag, T.E., and K.M. Robertson. 2007. A comparison of native versus old-field vegetation in upland pinelands managed with frequent fire, South Georgia, USA. Pages 109–120 in R.E. Masters and K.E.M. Galley (eds.). Proceedings of the 23rd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference: Fire in Grassland and Shrubland Ecosystems.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hahn, P. C. and J. L. Orrock (2015). "Land-use legacies and present fire regimes interact to mediate herbivory by altering the neighboring plant community." Oikos 124: 497-506.
  3. ↑ Brudvig, L.A., E Grman, C.W. Habeck, and J.A. Ledvina. (2013). Strong legacy of agricultural land use on soils and understory plant communities in longleaf pine woodlands. Forest Ecology and Management 310: 944-955.
  4. ↑ Cohen, S., R. Braham, and F. Sanchez. (2004). Seed Bank Viability in Disturbed Longleaf Pine Sites. Restoration Ecology 12(4):503-515.
  5. ↑ Dale, V.H., S.C. Beyeler, and B. Jackson. (2002). Understory vegetation indicators of anthropogenic disturbance in longleaf pine forests at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA. Ecological Indicators 1(3):155-170.
  6. ↑ Greenberg, C.H., D.G. Neary, L.D. Harris, and S.P. Linda. (1995). Vegetation Recovery Following High-intensity Wildfire and Silvicultural Treatments in Sand Pine Scrub. American Midland Naturalist 133(1):149-163.
  7. ↑ Hebb, E.A. (1971). Site Preparation Decreases Game Food Plants in Florida Sandhills. The Journal of Wildlife Management 35(1):155-162.
  8. ↑ Lewis, C.E. (1970). Responses to Chopping and Rock Phosphate on South Florida Ranges. Journal of Range Management 23(4):276-282.
  9. ↑ Lewis, C.E., G.W. Tanner, and W.S. Terry. (1988). Plant responses to pine management and deferred-rotation grazing in north Florida. Journal of Range Management 41(6):460-465.
  10. ↑ Moore, W.H., B.F. Swindel, and W.S. Terry. (1982). Vegetative Response to Clearcutting and Chopping in a North Florida Flatwoods Forest. Journal of Range Management 35(2):214-218.
  11. ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 12 DEC 2016
  12. ↑ Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.
  13. ↑ Brewer J.S. 1995. The relationship between soil fertility and fire-stimulated floral induction in two populations of grass-leaved golden aster, Pityopsis graminifolia. Oikos 74:45-54.
  14. ↑ Brewer, J. S. 2009. Geographic variation in flowering responses to fire and season of clipping in a fire-adapted plant. American Midland Naturalist 160:235-249.
  15. ↑ Gowe, A.K. and J. S. Brewer. 2005. The evolution of fire-dependent flowering in goldenasters (Pityopsis spp.). Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 132:384-400.
  16. ↑ Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
  17. ↑ Brewer J.S. and Platt W.J. 1994. Effects of fire season and herbivory on reproductive success of a clonal forb, Pityopsis graminifolia. Journal of Ecology 82:665-675.
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