Difference between revisions of "Mikania cordifolia"
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{{taxobox | {{taxobox | ||
| name = Mikania cordifolia | | name = Mikania cordifolia | ||
| − | | image = | + | | image = Mika_cord.jpg |
| − | | image_caption = | + | | image_caption = Photo by Shirley Denton (copyrighted, use by photographer's permission only), [http://www.florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/Default.aspx Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants] |
| regnum = Plantae | | regnum = Plantae | ||
| divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | | divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | ||
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
| binomial_authority = (L. f.) Willd. | | binomial_authority = (L. f.) Willd. | ||
| range_map = mika_cord_dist.jpg | | range_map = mika_cord_dist.jpg | ||
| − | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Mikania cordifolia'' from USDA NRCS [http:// | + | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Mikania cordifolia'' from USDA NRCS [http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=MICO9 Plants Database]. |
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
| + | Common names: Florida Keys hempvine; Heartleaf climbing hempweed<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| + | Synonyms: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Varieties: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| − | + | A description of ''Mikania cordifolia'' is provided in [http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242428429 The Flora of North America]. | |
| + | |||
| + | It can be distinguished from other ''Mikania'' by having hexagonally ridged stems.<ref name="Holmes 1993">Holmes, W. C. 1993. The genus Mikania (Compositae: Eupatorieae) in the Greater Antilles. Sida, Botanical Miscellany 9: 1-69.</ref> It is not as woody as other lianas and little cork is formed due to a continuous cambium. After being wounded, the ray cells produce a substantial callus that grows onto the peripheral surface of the xylem.<ref name="Dobbins and Fisher 1986">Dobbins, D. R. and J. B. Fisher (1986). "Wound Responses in Girdled Stems of Lianas." Botanical Gazette 147(3): 278-289.</ref> | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | ''M. cordifolia'' is native to the southeastern United States, Mexico, the West Indies, Central and South America.<ref name="fresh">[[http://www.freshfromflorida.com/content/download/39664/866550/BotCir37.pdf]] Fresh from Florida Accessed: February 10, 2016</ref> In the United States, it ranges from southeastern South Carolina and eastern Georgia, south to southern Florida, and west to southern Louisiana.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| + | In the Coastal Plain in Florida, ''M. cordifolia'' can occur in mixed hardwood forests, wooded slopes along rivers, creek bottoms, climbing on shrubs in limestone ledges, live oak hammocks, cabbage palm hammocks, creek banks, and calcareous wooded bluffs. Associated species include Cabbage palm, ''Pinus palutris, Quercus virginiana, Acer, Liquidambar styraciflua, Thelypteris, Ageratina'', and ''Arnoglossum diversifolium''. It has been observed to grow in rich humus soils.<ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, George R. Cooley, Patricia Elliott, Angus Gholson, R.K. Godfrey, N.C. Henderson, Sidney McDaniel. States and Counties: Florida: Citrus, Clay, Columbia, Flagler, Gadsden, Hernando, Jackson, Levy, Liberty, Suwannee. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | ===Seed dispersal=== | + | This species flowers August through November.<ref>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 19 MAY 2021</ref> |
| − | ===Seed bank and germination=== | + | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> |
| − | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | + | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> |
| + | <!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
===Pollination=== | ===Pollination=== | ||
| − | + | The following Hymenoptera species were observed visiting flowers of ''Mikania cordifolia'' at the Archbold Biological Station:<ref name="Deyrup 2015">Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.</ref> | |
| − | Apidae: Bombus impatiens | + | Bees from the family Apidae: ''Bombus impatiens'' |
| − | Colletidae: Colletes mandibularis | + | Plasterer bees from the family Colletidae: ''Colletes mandibularis, Hylaeus graenicheri, H. schwarzi'' |
| − | + | Sweat bees from the family Halictidae: ''Augochlorella aurata, Augochloropsis anonyma, A. metallica, A. sumptuosa, Lasioglossum miniatulus, L. nymphalis'' | |
| − | + | Wasps from the family Leucospididae: ''Leucospis affinis, L. robertsoni, L. slossonae'' | |
| − | + | Leafcutting bees from the family Megachilidae: ''Coelioxys mexicana, C. sayi, Megachile albitarsis, M. brevis pseudobrevis, M. mendica, M. xylocopoides'' | |
| − | + | Thread-waisted bees from the family Sphecidae: ''Bicyrtes quadrifasciata, Crabro hilaris rufibasis, Ectemnius rufipes ais, Isodontia exornata, Oxybelus laetus fulvipes'' | |
| − | + | Wasps from the family Vespidae: ''Eumenes fraternus, E. smithii, Leptochilus republicanus, Pachodynerus erynnis, Polistes bellicosus, P. dorsalis hunteri, Polistes perplexus, Stenodynerus fundatiformis, S. histrionalis rufustus, S. lineatifrons, S. pulvinatus surrufus, Zethus slossonae, Z. spinipes'' | |
| + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===<--Common herbivores, granivory, insect hosting, poisonous chemicals, allelopathy, etc.--> | ||
| + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | |
| − | + | ==Cultural use== | |
| + | In Brazil, it is popularly known as "guaco" and is used to treat respiratory problems and snake bites. It is known to contain diterpenes, sesquiterpenes and phenylproanoids which have therapeutic affects.<ref name="de Oliveira et al. 2007">de Oliveira, P. A., L. E. Gregorio, et al. (2007). "Comparative analysis of sesquiterpene lactones from Mikania cordifolia collected from three different location." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 43(2).</ref> In Surinam, it is used to treat measles and French Guinana is used to treat skin rashes and scabies.<ref name="eol">[[http://eol.org/pages/468841/details]]Encyclopedia of Life Accessed: February 10, 2016</ref> | ||
| − | + | ==Photo Gallery== | |
| + | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
| − | + | ==References and notes== | |
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| − | + | Nauman, C. E. (1981). "A Re-Examination of Mikania Willd. (Compositae) in Florida." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 108(4): 467-471. | |
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Latest revision as of 15:32, 14 July 2022
| Mikania cordifolia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Shirley Denton (copyrighted, use by photographer's permission only), Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae |
| Genus: | Mikania |
| Species: | M. cordifolia |
| Binomial name | |
| Mikania cordifolia (L. f.) Willd. | |
| |
| Natural range of Mikania cordifolia from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common names: Florida Keys hempvine; Heartleaf climbing hempweed[1]
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: none.[1]
Varieties: none.[1]
Description
A description of Mikania cordifolia is provided in The Flora of North America.
It can be distinguished from other Mikania by having hexagonally ridged stems.[2] It is not as woody as other lianas and little cork is formed due to a continuous cambium. After being wounded, the ray cells produce a substantial callus that grows onto the peripheral surface of the xylem.[3]
Distribution
M. cordifolia is native to the southeastern United States, Mexico, the West Indies, Central and South America.[4] In the United States, it ranges from southeastern South Carolina and eastern Georgia, south to southern Florida, and west to southern Louisiana.[1]
Ecology
Habitat
In the Coastal Plain in Florida, M. cordifolia can occur in mixed hardwood forests, wooded slopes along rivers, creek bottoms, climbing on shrubs in limestone ledges, live oak hammocks, cabbage palm hammocks, creek banks, and calcareous wooded bluffs. Associated species include Cabbage palm, Pinus palutris, Quercus virginiana, Acer, Liquidambar styraciflua, Thelypteris, Ageratina, and Arnoglossum diversifolium. It has been observed to grow in rich humus soils.[5]
Phenology
This species flowers August through November.[6]
Pollination
The following Hymenoptera species were observed visiting flowers of Mikania cordifolia at the Archbold Biological Station:[7]
Bees from the family Apidae: Bombus impatiens
Plasterer bees from the family Colletidae: Colletes mandibularis, Hylaeus graenicheri, H. schwarzi
Sweat bees from the family Halictidae: Augochlorella aurata, Augochloropsis anonyma, A. metallica, A. sumptuosa, Lasioglossum miniatulus, L. nymphalis
Wasps from the family Leucospididae: Leucospis affinis, L. robertsoni, L. slossonae
Leafcutting bees from the family Megachilidae: Coelioxys mexicana, C. sayi, Megachile albitarsis, M. brevis pseudobrevis, M. mendica, M. xylocopoides
Thread-waisted bees from the family Sphecidae: Bicyrtes quadrifasciata, Crabro hilaris rufibasis, Ectemnius rufipes ais, Isodontia exornata, Oxybelus laetus fulvipes
Wasps from the family Vespidae: Eumenes fraternus, E. smithii, Leptochilus republicanus, Pachodynerus erynnis, Polistes bellicosus, P. dorsalis hunteri, Polistes perplexus, Stenodynerus fundatiformis, S. histrionalis rufustus, S. lineatifrons, S. pulvinatus surrufus, Zethus slossonae, Z. spinipes
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
In Brazil, it is popularly known as "guaco" and is used to treat respiratory problems and snake bites. It is known to contain diterpenes, sesquiterpenes and phenylproanoids which have therapeutic affects.[8] In Surinam, it is used to treat measles and French Guinana is used to treat skin rashes and scabies.[9]
Photo Gallery
References and notes
Nauman, C. E. (1981). "A Re-Examination of Mikania Willd. (Compositae) in Florida." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 108(4): 467-471.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ Holmes, W. C. 1993. The genus Mikania (Compositae: Eupatorieae) in the Greater Antilles. Sida, Botanical Miscellany 9: 1-69.
- ↑ Dobbins, D. R. and J. B. Fisher (1986). "Wound Responses in Girdled Stems of Lianas." Botanical Gazette 147(3): 278-289.
- ↑ [[1]] Fresh from Florida Accessed: February 10, 2016
- ↑ Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, George R. Cooley, Patricia Elliott, Angus Gholson, R.K. Godfrey, N.C. Henderson, Sidney McDaniel. States and Counties: Florida: Citrus, Clay, Columbia, Flagler, Gadsden, Hernando, Jackson, Levy, Liberty, Suwannee. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 19 MAY 2021
- ↑ Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
- ↑ de Oliveira, P. A., L. E. Gregorio, et al. (2007). "Comparative analysis of sesquiterpene lactones from Mikania cordifolia collected from three different location." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 43(2).
- ↑ [[2]]Encyclopedia of Life Accessed: February 10, 2016
