Difference between revisions of "Magnolia grandiflora"
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| − | Common name: southern magnolia <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> | + | Common name: southern magnolia,<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> bull bay<ref name= "Weakley 2015"/> |
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==Taxonomic Notes== | ==Taxonomic Notes== | ||
| − | Synonyms: none | + | Synonyms: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
| − | Varieties: | + | Varieties: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| − | ''M. grandiflora'' is a perennial tree of the '' | + | ''M. grandiflora'' is a perennial tree of the ''Magnoliaceae'' family native to North America and introduced to Puerto Rico.<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"> USDA Plant Database [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=MAGR4 https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=MAGR4] </ref> |
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | ''M. grandiflora'' | + | It is difficult to determine the natural range of ''M. grandiflora''. The pre-Columbian range was likely from southeastern North Carolina to peninsular Florida, then west to eastern Texas, staying mainly on the Coastal Plain. Now, due to naturalization and horticultural planting, its range has expanded northward and inland. It also grows in Puerto Rico.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | ''M. grandiflora'' is found in suburban woodlands, maritime forests, mesic Coastal Plain bluffs and flats, bottomlands, now also widely naturalized, spreading from cultivation into wet to mesic (and even dry) forests. <ref name= "Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref> Specimens have been collected from | + | ''M. grandiflora'' is found in suburban woodlands, maritime forests, mesic Coastal Plain bluffs and flats, bottomlands, now also widely naturalized, spreading from cultivation into wet to mesic (and even dry) forests.<ref name= "Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref> Specimens have been collected from the shores of freshwater springs, densely-wooded hammocks, sand dunes, mixed hardwood forests, wet bottomland hammocks, swamp borders, and lakeshores.<ref name = "FSU herbarium"> URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, R.K. Godfrey, John Ogden, Patricia Elliot, Richard Mitchell, R. Kral, L.J. Brass, L.B. Trott, Karen MacClendon, Chris Cooksey, R. Komarek, Lisa Keppner, Ed Keppner, Cecil Slaughter, Shirley Wingfield, Elmer C. Prichard. States and counties: Florida (Gadsden, Volusia, Santa Rosa, Leon, Bay, Liberty, Jackson, Levy, Jefferson, Gadsden, Lake, Franklin, Highlands, Wakulla, Calhoun, Washington, Putnam) Georgia (Grady) Louisiana (Oachuita)</ref> |
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | ''M. grandiflora'' | + | ''M. grandiflora'' flowers from April through July<ref name= "PanFlora"> Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 24 MAY 2018 </ref> and fruits from September through October.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | ''M. grandiflora'' is fire resistant, but has a low fire tolerance. <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> | + | ''M. grandiflora'' is fire resistant, but has a low fire tolerance.<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> |
<!--===Pollination===--> | <!--===Pollination===--> | ||
<!--===Use by animals===--> <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | <!--===Use by animals===--> <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | ||
==Diseases and parasites== | ==Diseases and parasites== | ||
| − | A common beetle that can cause death at the tips of branches is the ''Xylosandrus campactus'', an ambrosia beetle. <ref name ="FFE">Observation by Craig Bateman comment on Brandi Missouri Griffith post, May 18, Valdosta Fl., posted to Florida Flora and Ecosystematics Facebook Group. </ref> | + | A common beetle that can cause death at the tips of branches is the ''Xylosandrus campactus'', an ambrosia beetle.<ref name ="FFE">Observation by Craig Bateman comment on Brandi Missouri Griffith post, May 18, Valdosta Fl., posted to Florida Flora and Ecosystematics Facebook Group. </ref> |
==Conservation and Management== | ==Conservation and Management== | ||
Revision as of 09:38, 28 September 2020
Common name: southern magnolia,[1] bull bay[2]
| Magnolia grandiflora | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by John B | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicots |
| Order: | Magnoliales |
| Family: | Magnoliaceae |
| Genus: | Magnolia |
| Species: | M. grandiflora |
| Binomial name | |
| Magnolia grandiflora L. | |
| |
| Natural range of Magnolia grandiflora from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonyms: none.[3]
Varieties: none.[3]
Description
M. grandiflora is a perennial tree of the Magnoliaceae family native to North America and introduced to Puerto Rico.[1]
Distribution
It is difficult to determine the natural range of M. grandiflora. The pre-Columbian range was likely from southeastern North Carolina to peninsular Florida, then west to eastern Texas, staying mainly on the Coastal Plain. Now, due to naturalization and horticultural planting, its range has expanded northward and inland. It also grows in Puerto Rico.[3]
Ecology
Habitat
M. grandiflora is found in suburban woodlands, maritime forests, mesic Coastal Plain bluffs and flats, bottomlands, now also widely naturalized, spreading from cultivation into wet to mesic (and even dry) forests.[2] Specimens have been collected from the shores of freshwater springs, densely-wooded hammocks, sand dunes, mixed hardwood forests, wet bottomland hammocks, swamp borders, and lakeshores.[4]
Phenology
M. grandiflora flowers from April through July[5] and fruits from September through October.[3]
Fire ecology
M. grandiflora is fire resistant, but has a low fire tolerance.[1]
Diseases and parasites
A common beetle that can cause death at the tips of branches is the Xylosandrus campactus, an ambrosia beetle.[6]
Conservation and Management
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 USDA Plant Database https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=MAGR4
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, R.K. Godfrey, John Ogden, Patricia Elliot, Richard Mitchell, R. Kral, L.J. Brass, L.B. Trott, Karen MacClendon, Chris Cooksey, R. Komarek, Lisa Keppner, Ed Keppner, Cecil Slaughter, Shirley Wingfield, Elmer C. Prichard. States and counties: Florida (Gadsden, Volusia, Santa Rosa, Leon, Bay, Liberty, Jackson, Levy, Jefferson, Gadsden, Lake, Franklin, Highlands, Wakulla, Calhoun, Washington, Putnam) Georgia (Grady) Louisiana (Oachuita)
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 24 MAY 2018
- ↑ Observation by Craig Bateman comment on Brandi Missouri Griffith post, May 18, Valdosta Fl., posted to Florida Flora and Ecosystematics Facebook Group.
