Difference between revisions of "Lobelia amoena"
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| binomial_authority = Michx. | | binomial_authority = Michx. | ||
| range_map = LOBE_AMOE_dist.jpg | | range_map = LOBE_AMOE_dist.jpg | ||
| − | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Lobelia amoena'' from USDA NRCS [http:// | + | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Lobelia amoena'' from USDA NRCS [http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=LOAM4 Plants Database]. |
}} | }} | ||
| + | Common name: southern lobelia<ref name=weakley>Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| + | Synonyms: ''Lobelia amoena'' var. ''amoena''<ref name=weakley/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Varieties: none<ref name=weakley/> | ||
| − | |||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| − | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/ | + | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perennial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> |
| + | "Perennial or annual herbs stems erect, strict or freely branched. Leaves crenate, serrate, or entire. Raceme terminal, bracteate, often very leafy and the flowers appearing axillary. Calyx 5-lobed, more or less actinomorphic; corolla zygomorphic, fenestrate, 2-lipped, upper lip 2-lobbed, lower 3-lobbed. Stamens 5, completely united. Capsule dehiscent by apical pores. Seeds yellowish brown, tuberculate, oblong, 0.6-1 mm long."<ref name="Radford et al 1964">Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 1005-7. Print.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | "Similar to ''L. elongata''. Leaves elliptic to lanceolate, 4-15 cm long, 2-4 cm wide. Sepals entire or remotely glandular-serrate; corolla tube 7-9 mm long; filament tube 5-7 mm long. Capsule 6-8 mm broad."<ref name="Radford et al 1964"/> | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | This species ranges from western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee to western South Carolina, central Georgia, and east-central Alabama. There are disjunct populations in the Florida Panhandle and the Coastal Plain of Georgia and South Carolina.<ref name=weakley/> | ||
| + | |||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | This species | + | This species grows in floodplain forests, semi-open wetlands, along river and stream banks, seepage bogs, and low depressions.<ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, W. W. Baker, A. Gholson Jr., James P. Gillespie, Robert K. Godfrey, D. Hall, R. Komarek, R. Kral, N. Lee, Sidney McDaniel, Richard S. Mitchell, Gil Nelson, R. A. Norris, Camm Swift, D. B. Ward, and Rodie White. States and Counties: Florida: Calhoun, Franklin, Gadsden, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, Wakulla, Walton, Washington. Georgia: Grady and Thomas.</ref> It grows in shaded to deeply-shaded environments in wet or dry sands and loam of mesic wooded environments.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> ''L. amoena'' also grows in human-disturbed areas such as roadside ditches and clear-cut woods.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> |
| + | |||
| + | ''L. amoena'' became absent in response to soil disturbance by heavy silviculture in North Carolina longleaf pinewoods.<ref name=cohen>Cohen, S., R. Braham, and F. Sanchez. (2004). Seed Bank Viability in Disturbed Longleaf Pine Sites. Restoration Ecology 12(4):503-515.</ref> It also became absent or decreased its occurrence in response to agriculture in southwest Georgia pinelands.<ref name=ostertag>Ostertag, T. E. and K. M. Robertson. 2007. A comparison of native versus old-field vegetation in upland pinelands managed with frequent fire, South Georgia, USA. Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference Proceedings 23: 109-120.</ref> It has shown resistance to regrowth in reestablished pinelands that were disturbed by these practices.<ref name=cohen/><ref name=ostertag/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Associated species include ''Boltonia, Commelina, Coreopsis integrifolia, Physostegia virginiana, Woodwardia areolata, Quercus, Rhamnus, oakleaf hydrangea, Conoclinium, Pluchea, Leersia, Panicum, Schoenus, Juniperus, Solidago fistulosa,'' and ''Bidens alba''.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | ||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | This species | + | This species flowers from late July to October.<ref name=weakley/><ref>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 19 MAY 2021</ref> |
| + | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
| + | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | This species has been found in annually burned areas | + | This species has been found in annually burned areas.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> |
| + | <!--===Pollination===--> | ||
| + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===--> | ||
| + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | == | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| − | + | ''L. amoena'' should avoid soil disturbance by heavy silvilculture and agriculture to conserve its presence in pine communities.<ref name=cohen/><ref name=ostertag/> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ==Cultural use== | |
| − | == | ||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
| + | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
| + | |||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
| − | |||
Latest revision as of 13:43, 15 June 2023
| Lobelia amoena | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo taken by Gil Nelson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Campanulales |
| Family: | Campanulaceae |
| Genus: | Lobelia |
| Species: | L. amoena |
| Binomial name | |
| Lobelia amoena Michx. | |
| |
| Natural range of Lobelia amoena from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: southern lobelia[1]
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: Lobelia amoena var. amoena[1]
Varieties: none[1]
Description
"Perennial or annual herbs stems erect, strict or freely branched. Leaves crenate, serrate, or entire. Raceme terminal, bracteate, often very leafy and the flowers appearing axillary. Calyx 5-lobed, more or less actinomorphic; corolla zygomorphic, fenestrate, 2-lipped, upper lip 2-lobbed, lower 3-lobbed. Stamens 5, completely united. Capsule dehiscent by apical pores. Seeds yellowish brown, tuberculate, oblong, 0.6-1 mm long."[2]
"Similar to L. elongata. Leaves elliptic to lanceolate, 4-15 cm long, 2-4 cm wide. Sepals entire or remotely glandular-serrate; corolla tube 7-9 mm long; filament tube 5-7 mm long. Capsule 6-8 mm broad."[2]
Distribution
This species ranges from western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee to western South Carolina, central Georgia, and east-central Alabama. There are disjunct populations in the Florida Panhandle and the Coastal Plain of Georgia and South Carolina.[1]
Ecology
Habitat
This species grows in floodplain forests, semi-open wetlands, along river and stream banks, seepage bogs, and low depressions.[3] It grows in shaded to deeply-shaded environments in wet or dry sands and loam of mesic wooded environments.[3] L. amoena also grows in human-disturbed areas such as roadside ditches and clear-cut woods.[3]
L. amoena became absent in response to soil disturbance by heavy silviculture in North Carolina longleaf pinewoods.[4] It also became absent or decreased its occurrence in response to agriculture in southwest Georgia pinelands.[5] It has shown resistance to regrowth in reestablished pinelands that were disturbed by these practices.[4][5]
Associated species include Boltonia, Commelina, Coreopsis integrifolia, Physostegia virginiana, Woodwardia areolata, Quercus, Rhamnus, oakleaf hydrangea, Conoclinium, Pluchea, Leersia, Panicum, Schoenus, Juniperus, Solidago fistulosa, and Bidens alba.[3]
Phenology
This species flowers from late July to October.[1][6]
Fire ecology
This species has been found in annually burned areas.[3]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
L. amoena should avoid soil disturbance by heavy silvilculture and agriculture to conserve its presence in pine communities.[4][5]
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 1005-7. Print.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, W. W. Baker, A. Gholson Jr., James P. Gillespie, Robert K. Godfrey, D. Hall, R. Komarek, R. Kral, N. Lee, Sidney McDaniel, Richard S. Mitchell, Gil Nelson, R. A. Norris, Camm Swift, D. B. Ward, and Rodie White. States and Counties: Florida: Calhoun, Franklin, Gadsden, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, Wakulla, Walton, Washington. Georgia: Grady and Thomas.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Cohen, S., R. Braham, and F. Sanchez. (2004). Seed Bank Viability in Disturbed Longleaf Pine Sites. Restoration Ecology 12(4):503-515.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Ostertag, T. E. and K. M. Robertson. 2007. A comparison of native versus old-field vegetation in upland pinelands managed with frequent fire, South Georgia, USA. Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference Proceedings 23: 109-120.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 19 MAY 2021
