Difference between revisions of "Juncus effusus"
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''Juncus effusus'' is found in moist soil, marshes, margins of streams, ponds, lakes, swamps, and low meadows.<ref name= "Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref> Specimens have been collected from a wet ditch, pine forest in swamp bed, wet flatwoods, flooded pastures, seepage bog, moist sandy loam, shallow water, floodplain forest, and the edge of woods.<ref name = "FSU herbarium"> URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Lisa keppner, Ed Keppner, R.F. Doren, R. Komarek, R.S. Blaisdell, R.K. Godfrey, K.M. Meyer, A. Townesmith, Loran C. Anderson, Cecil Slaughter, Dianne Hall, Kim Ponzio, K. MacClendon, V. Craig, M. Boothe, Alush Shilom Ton, D.E. Breedlove, A. Mast, Chris Buddenhagen, Annie Schmidt, John Kunzer, Peter Zika. States and counties: Florida ( Bay, Marion, Leon, Columbia, Taylor, Brevard, Calhoun, Santa Rosa, Wakulla, Gadsden, Liberty, Holmes, De Soto, washington, Gulf) Oregon (Morrow) Georgia (Grady)</ref> | ''Juncus effusus'' is found in moist soil, marshes, margins of streams, ponds, lakes, swamps, and low meadows.<ref name= "Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref> Specimens have been collected from a wet ditch, pine forest in swamp bed, wet flatwoods, flooded pastures, seepage bog, moist sandy loam, shallow water, floodplain forest, and the edge of woods.<ref name = "FSU herbarium"> URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Lisa keppner, Ed Keppner, R.F. Doren, R. Komarek, R.S. Blaisdell, R.K. Godfrey, K.M. Meyer, A. Townesmith, Loran C. Anderson, Cecil Slaughter, Dianne Hall, Kim Ponzio, K. MacClendon, V. Craig, M. Boothe, Alush Shilom Ton, D.E. Breedlove, A. Mast, Chris Buddenhagen, Annie Schmidt, John Kunzer, Peter Zika. States and counties: Florida ( Bay, Marion, Leon, Columbia, Taylor, Brevard, Calhoun, Santa Rosa, Wakulla, Gadsden, Liberty, Holmes, De Soto, washington, Gulf) Oregon (Morrow) Georgia (Grady)</ref> | ||
| − | + | ''J. effusus'' was found to increase in frequency in response to soil disturbance by clearcutting and chopping in north Florida flatwoods forests. It has shown regrowth in reestablished native flatwood habitat that was disturbed by these practices.<ref>Moore, W.H., B.F. Swindel, and W.S. Terry. (1982). Vegetative Response to Clearcutting and Chopping in a North Florida Flatwoods Forest. Journal of Range Management 35(2):214-218.</ref> | |
| − | ''J. effusus'' | ||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
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<!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | <!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | <!--=== | + | <!--===Pollinations===--> |
| − | + | ===Herbivory and toxicology=== <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | |
| − | === | + | ''J. effusus'' has been observed to host planthoppers from the Delphacidae family such as ''Conomelus anceps'' and ''Nothodelphax occlusa''.<ref>Discoverlife.org [https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Bidens+albaDiscoverlife.org|Discoverlife.org]</ref> ''J. effusus'' is readily eaten by marsh rabbits.<ref name= "Blair 1936"> Blair, W. F. (1936). "The Florida marsh rabbit." Journal of Mammalogy 17(3): 197-207. </ref> It is also among the 14 major fall-early winter south Florida deer foods.<ref name= "Quarterly Journal"> Harlow, R. F. (1961). "Fall and winter foods of Florida white-tailed deer." The Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 24(1): 19-38. </ref> |
| − | ''J. effusus'' is readily eaten by marsh rabbits.<ref name= "Blair 1936"> Blair, W. F. (1936). "The Florida marsh rabbit." Journal of Mammalogy 17(3): 197-207. </ref> It is also among the 14 major fall-early winter south Florida deer foods.<ref name= "Quarterly Journal"> Harlow, R. F. (1961). "Fall and winter foods of Florida white-tailed deer." The Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 24(1): 19-38. </ref> | + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> |
| − | <!--==Diseases and parasites==--> | ||
==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | ||
Latest revision as of 13:10, 14 July 2022
Common name: lamp rush[1], soft rush[2], common rush[2]
| Juncus effusus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by the Illinois Wildflowers Database | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Liliopsida - Moncots |
| Order: | Juncales |
| Family: | Juncaceae |
| Genus: | Juncus |
| Species: | J. effusus |
| Binomial name | |
| Juncus effusus L. | |
| |
| Natural range of Juncus effusus from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonyms: Juncus griscomii Fernald.[3]
Varieties: none.[3]
Subspecies: Juncus effusus Linnaeus ssp. effusus; Juncus effusus Linnaeus ssp. solutus (Fernald & Wiegand).[3]
Description
J. effusus is a perennial graminoid of the Juncaceae family native to North America and introduced in Hawaii.[1]
Distribution
J. effusus is found in the eastern half of the United States from Colorado and New Mexico to Maine, as well as Hawaii.[1]
A native of Europe, Juncus effusus ssp. effusus is widespread and overlooked throughout its range.[3]
The range of Juncus effusus ssp. solutus extends north into Newfoundland and Minnesota, then south in Florida and Mexico.[3]
Ecology
Habitat
Juncus effusus is found in moist soil, marshes, margins of streams, ponds, lakes, swamps, and low meadows.[2] Specimens have been collected from a wet ditch, pine forest in swamp bed, wet flatwoods, flooded pastures, seepage bog, moist sandy loam, shallow water, floodplain forest, and the edge of woods.[4]
J. effusus was found to increase in frequency in response to soil disturbance by clearcutting and chopping in north Florida flatwoods forests. It has shown regrowth in reestablished native flatwood habitat that was disturbed by these practices.[5]
Phenology
J. effusus flowers June through September.[6]
Herbivory and toxicology
J. effusus has been observed to host planthoppers from the Delphacidae family such as Conomelus anceps and Nothodelphax occlusa.[7] J. effusus is readily eaten by marsh rabbits.[8] It is also among the 14 major fall-early winter south Florida deer foods.[9]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 USDA Plant Database https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=JUEFS
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Lisa keppner, Ed Keppner, R.F. Doren, R. Komarek, R.S. Blaisdell, R.K. Godfrey, K.M. Meyer, A. Townesmith, Loran C. Anderson, Cecil Slaughter, Dianne Hall, Kim Ponzio, K. MacClendon, V. Craig, M. Boothe, Alush Shilom Ton, D.E. Breedlove, A. Mast, Chris Buddenhagen, Annie Schmidt, John Kunzer, Peter Zika. States and counties: Florida ( Bay, Marion, Leon, Columbia, Taylor, Brevard, Calhoun, Santa Rosa, Wakulla, Gadsden, Liberty, Holmes, De Soto, washington, Gulf) Oregon (Morrow) Georgia (Grady)
- ↑ Moore, W.H., B.F. Swindel, and W.S. Terry. (1982). Vegetative Response to Clearcutting and Chopping in a North Florida Flatwoods Forest. Journal of Range Management 35(2):214-218.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 22 MAY 2018
- ↑ Discoverlife.org [1]
- ↑ Blair, W. F. (1936). "The Florida marsh rabbit." Journal of Mammalogy 17(3): 197-207.
- ↑ Harlow, R. F. (1961). "Fall and winter foods of Florida white-tailed deer." The Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 24(1): 19-38.
