Difference between revisions of "Hypericum fasciculatum"
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''H. fasciculatum'' is a short lived perennial that has a single stem with reddish bark and forms thin adventitious roots. It can be distinguished from similar species, such as ''H. brachyphyllum'' by having flat leaves with no apparent fold <ref name="hawthorne">[[http://hawthornhillwildflowers.blogspot.com/2011/05/sandweed-hypericum-fasciculatum.html]] Accessed: January 5, 2016</ref>. | ''H. fasciculatum'' is a short lived perennial that has a single stem with reddish bark and forms thin adventitious roots. It can be distinguished from similar species, such as ''H. brachyphyllum'' by having flat leaves with no apparent fold <ref name="hawthorne">[[http://hawthornhillwildflowers.blogspot.com/2011/05/sandweed-hypericum-fasciculatum.html]] Accessed: January 5, 2016</ref>. | ||
| − | “Usually glabrous herbs or shrubs. Leaves usually punctate, simple, opposite, entire, usually sessile or subsessile, exstipulate. Inflorescence basically cymose; flowers perfect, regular, bracteates, subsessile or short-pedicellate, sepals 2, 4, or 5, persistent; petals 4 or 5, usually marcescent, yellow or pink; stamens 5-numerous, separate or connate basally forming 3-5 clusters or fascicles, filaments usually persistent; carpels 2-5, stigmas and styles separate or fused, ovary superior, 1-locular or partly or wholly 2-5 locular, placentation axile or parietal. Capsules basically ovoid, longitudinally dehiscent, styles usually persistent; seeds numerous, lustrous, areolate, cylindric or oblong. In general our species form a polymorphic complex with many intergrading taxa.” | + | “Usually glabrous herbs or shrubs. Leaves usually punctate, simple, opposite, entire, usually sessile or subsessile, exstipulate. Inflorescence basically cymose; flowers perfect, regular, bracteates, subsessile or short-pedicellate, sepals 2, 4, or 5, persistent; petals 4 or 5, usually marcescent, yellow or pink; stamens 5-numerous, separate or connate basally forming 3-5 clusters or fascicles, filaments usually persistent; carpels 2-5, stigmas and styles separate or fused, ovary superior, 1-locular or partly or wholly 2-5 locular, placentation axile or parietal. Capsules basically ovoid, longitudinally dehiscent, styles usually persistent; seeds numerous, lustrous, areolate, cylindric or oblong. In general our species form a polymorphic complex with many intergrading taxa.” <ref name="Radford et al 1964"> Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 709-713. Print.</ref> |
| − | "Erect shrub, 8-15 dm tall, much-branched above, spongy-thickened below. Leaves linear-subulate or linear, with 2 longitudinal grooves below, largest usually 13-26 mm long, 0.7-2 mm wide, acute, base notched, sessile. Flowers terminal and axillary, solitary or in cymules. Sepals 5, similar to the leaves, 3-7 mm long, usually more than 4.5 mm long; petals 5, 6-9 mm long; styles united or 3, usually separate in fruit, ovary 3-locular. Capsules ovoid, ca. 4.5 mm long and 2mm broad; mature seeds not seen." | + | "Erect shrub, 8-15 dm tall, much-branched above, spongy-thickened below. Leaves linear-subulate or linear, with 2 longitudinal grooves below, largest usually 13-26 mm long, 0.7-2 mm wide, acute, base notched, sessile. Flowers terminal and axillary, solitary or in cymules. Sepals 5, similar to the leaves, 3-7 mm long, usually more than 4.5 mm long; petals 5, 6-9 mm long; styles united or 3, usually separate in fruit, ovary 3-locular. Capsules ovoid, ca. 4.5 mm long and 2mm broad; mature seeds not seen." <ref name="Radford et al 1964"/> |
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, ''H. fasciculatum'' can occur in ''Nyssa/Ilex'' communities, dry pond margins, ditches in pine flatwoods, titi bogs, rotted stumps, and dry bottoms of cypress ponds | + | In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, ''H. fasciculatum'' can occur in ''Nyssa/Ilex'' communities, dry pond margins, ditches in pine flatwoods, titi bogs, rotted stumps, and dry bottoms of cypress ponds. <ref name="FSU Herbarium>Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Sara L. Crockett, R.K. Godfrey, Howard Horne, Virginia Jin, R. Komarek, K. MacClendon, T. MacClendon, Sidney McDaniel, R.A. Norris, Cecil R. Slaughter. States and Counties: Florida: Calhoun, Liberty, Osceola, Wakulla, Walton. Georgia: Clinch, Thomas. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref> It responds to an annual, seasonal, or short-term change in water level by rapid colonization of favorable habitats and development of adventitious roots (Carr et al. 2006). Associated species include ''Ilex myrtifolia, Eriocaulon lineare, Xyris, Rhynchospora corniculata'', and ''Lycopodiella''. It grows in moist loamy sand. <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> |
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | It has been observed flowering in June and October and fruiting October through December | + | It has been observed flowering in June and October and fruiting October through December. <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> |
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
<!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | <!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
===Pollination=== | ===Pollination=== | ||
| − | The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of ''Hypericum fasciculatum'' at Archbold Biological Station | + | The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of ''Hypericum fasciculatum'' at Archbold Biological Station: <ref name="Deyrup 2015">Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.</ref> |
Apidae: ''Apis mellifera, Bombus impatiens'' | Apidae: ''Apis mellifera, Bombus impatiens'' | ||
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==Conservation and management== | ==Conservation and management== | ||
==Cultivation and restoration== | ==Cultivation and restoration== | ||
| − | It contains volatile extracts primarily of composed of decyl acetate and gamma-muurolene, and has been used as cathartic agent in traditional Seminole Indian medicine | + | It contains volatile extracts primarily of composed of decyl acetate and gamma-muurolene, and has been used as cathartic agent in traditional Seminole Indian medicine. <ref name="Crockett et al. 2008">Crockett, S. L., B. Demirçi, et al. (2008). "Volatile Constituents of Hypericum L. Section Myriandra (Clusiaceae): Species of the H. fasciculatum Lam. Alliance." Journal of Essential Oil Research 20(3): 244-249.</ref> |
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==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
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==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Carr, D. W., D. A. Leeper, et al. (2006). "Comparison of six biologic indicators of hydrology and the landward extent of hydric soils in west-central Florida, USA cypress domes." Wetlands 26(4): 1012-1019. | Carr, D. W., D. A. Leeper, et al. (2006). "Comparison of six biologic indicators of hydrology and the landward extent of hydric soils in west-central Florida, USA cypress domes." Wetlands 26(4): 1012-1019. | ||
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Revision as of 09:32, 29 July 2016
| Hypericum fasciculatum | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Wayne Matchett, SpaceCoastWildflowers.com | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Theales |
| Family: | Clusiaceae ⁄ Guttiferae |
| Genus: | Hypericum |
| Species: | H. fasciculatum |
| Binomial name | |
| Hypericum fasciculatum Lam. | |
| |
| Natural range of Hypericum fasciculatum from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: Peelbark St. Johnswort
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Description
H. fasciculatum is a short lived perennial that has a single stem with reddish bark and forms thin adventitious roots. It can be distinguished from similar species, such as H. brachyphyllum by having flat leaves with no apparent fold [1].
“Usually glabrous herbs or shrubs. Leaves usually punctate, simple, opposite, entire, usually sessile or subsessile, exstipulate. Inflorescence basically cymose; flowers perfect, regular, bracteates, subsessile or short-pedicellate, sepals 2, 4, or 5, persistent; petals 4 or 5, usually marcescent, yellow or pink; stamens 5-numerous, separate or connate basally forming 3-5 clusters or fascicles, filaments usually persistent; carpels 2-5, stigmas and styles separate or fused, ovary superior, 1-locular or partly or wholly 2-5 locular, placentation axile or parietal. Capsules basically ovoid, longitudinally dehiscent, styles usually persistent; seeds numerous, lustrous, areolate, cylindric or oblong. In general our species form a polymorphic complex with many intergrading taxa.” [2]
"Erect shrub, 8-15 dm tall, much-branched above, spongy-thickened below. Leaves linear-subulate or linear, with 2 longitudinal grooves below, largest usually 13-26 mm long, 0.7-2 mm wide, acute, base notched, sessile. Flowers terminal and axillary, solitary or in cymules. Sepals 5, similar to the leaves, 3-7 mm long, usually more than 4.5 mm long; petals 5, 6-9 mm long; styles united or 3, usually separate in fruit, ovary 3-locular. Capsules ovoid, ca. 4.5 mm long and 2mm broad; mature seeds not seen." [2]
Distribution
Ecology
Habitat
In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, H. fasciculatum can occur in Nyssa/Ilex communities, dry pond margins, ditches in pine flatwoods, titi bogs, rotted stumps, and dry bottoms of cypress ponds. [3] It responds to an annual, seasonal, or short-term change in water level by rapid colonization of favorable habitats and development of adventitious roots (Carr et al. 2006). Associated species include Ilex myrtifolia, Eriocaulon lineare, Xyris, Rhynchospora corniculata, and Lycopodiella. It grows in moist loamy sand. [3]
Phenology
It has been observed flowering in June and October and fruiting October through December. [3]
Pollination
The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of Hypericum fasciculatum at Archbold Biological Station: [4]
Apidae: Apis mellifera, Bombus impatiens
Colletidae: Colletes nudus
Megachilidae: Coelioxys sayi
Conservation and management
Cultivation and restoration
It contains volatile extracts primarily of composed of decyl acetate and gamma-muurolene, and has been used as cathartic agent in traditional Seminole Indian medicine. [5]
Photo Gallery
Flowers of Hypericum fasciculatum Photo by Wayne Matchett, SpaceCoastWildflowers.com
References and notes
Carr, D. W., D. A. Leeper, et al. (2006). "Comparison of six biologic indicators of hydrology and the landward extent of hydric soils in west-central Florida, USA cypress domes." Wetlands 26(4): 1012-1019.
- ↑ [[1]] Accessed: January 5, 2016
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 709-713. Print.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Sara L. Crockett, R.K. Godfrey, Howard Horne, Virginia Jin, R. Komarek, K. MacClendon, T. MacClendon, Sidney McDaniel, R.A. Norris, Cecil R. Slaughter. States and Counties: Florida: Calhoun, Liberty, Osceola, Wakulla, Walton. Georgia: Clinch, Thomas. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
- ↑ Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
- ↑ Crockett, S. L., B. Demirçi, et al. (2008). "Volatile Constituents of Hypericum L. Section Myriandra (Clusiaceae): Species of the H. fasciculatum Lam. Alliance." Journal of Essential Oil Research 20(3): 244-249.
