Difference between revisions of "Hypericum crux-andreae"
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==Taxonomic notes== | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
Synonyms: ''Hypericum stans'' (Michaux ex Willdenow) W.P. Adams & Robson; ''Ascyrum stans'' Michaux ex Willdenow; ''Ascyrum cuneifolium'' Chapman | Synonyms: ''Hypericum stans'' (Michaux ex Willdenow) W.P. Adams & Robson; ''Ascyrum stans'' Michaux ex Willdenow; ''Ascyrum cuneifolium'' Chapman | ||
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==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
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"Erect shrub, 4-10 dm tall with shreddy old bark. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic, ovate, or obovate, 1-4 cm long, 5-20 mm wide, obtuse, slightly revolute, base widely cuneate, rounded, or slightly clasping, notched. Flowers solitary, axillary, or in cymules; bracts paired, near center of pedicel to near base of calyx; pedicels 4-10 mm long. Outer sepals cordate or ovate, 6-7 nerved, 10-18 mm long, 8-15 mm wide, acute or obtuse, inner sepals lanceolate, 6-15 mm long, 203 mm wide, acute to acuminate; petals 4, 10-18 mm long; styles usually 3(2-4), separate, 1-2.5 mm long, ovary 1-locular. Capsules ovoid, 7-10 mm long, 4-5 mm broad; seeds brown, 0.7-0.8 mm long."<ref name=radford/>. | "Erect shrub, 4-10 dm tall with shreddy old bark. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic, ovate, or obovate, 1-4 cm long, 5-20 mm wide, obtuse, slightly revolute, base widely cuneate, rounded, or slightly clasping, notched. Flowers solitary, axillary, or in cymules; bracts paired, near center of pedicel to near base of calyx; pedicels 4-10 mm long. Outer sepals cordate or ovate, 6-7 nerved, 10-18 mm long, 8-15 mm wide, acute or obtuse, inner sepals lanceolate, 6-15 mm long, 203 mm wide, acute to acuminate; petals 4, 10-18 mm long; styles usually 3(2-4), separate, 1-2.5 mm long, ovary 1-locular. Capsules ovoid, 7-10 mm long, 4-5 mm broad; seeds brown, 0.7-0.8 mm long."<ref name=radford/>. | ||
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==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
It is found in longleaf pine-wiregrass flatwoods<ref>Brockway, D. G. and C. E. Lewis (1997). "Long-term effects of dormant-season prescribed fire on plant community diversity, structure and productivity in a longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystem." Forest Ecology and Management 96: 167-183.</ref> and titi-cypress swamp communities in Florida.<ref>Drewa, P., W. Platt, et al. (2002). "Community Structure along Elevation Gradients in Headwater Regions of Longleaf Pine Savannas." Plant Ecology 160(1): 61-78.</ref> It can also occur in some disturbed habitat like fallow fields<ref name=fsu>Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Wilson Baker, Andre F. Clewell, M. Davis, R. F. Doren, Robert K. Godfrey, Ann F. Johnson, J. M. Kane, R. A. Norris, and Cecil R. Slaughter. States and Counties: Florida: Duval, Franklin, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, and Wakulla. Georgia: Baker, Grady, and Thomas. Texas: Hardin.</ref>. Associated species include ''Andropogon, Pinus palutris, Aristida stricta, Cyrilla racemiflora, Salix humilis, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Saccharum sp., Dichanthelium scoparium, Smilax rotundifolia, Proserpinaca pectinata,'' and ''Hypericum brachyphyllum''<ref name=fsu/>. | It is found in longleaf pine-wiregrass flatwoods<ref>Brockway, D. G. and C. E. Lewis (1997). "Long-term effects of dormant-season prescribed fire on plant community diversity, structure and productivity in a longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystem." Forest Ecology and Management 96: 167-183.</ref> and titi-cypress swamp communities in Florida.<ref>Drewa, P., W. Platt, et al. (2002). "Community Structure along Elevation Gradients in Headwater Regions of Longleaf Pine Savannas." Plant Ecology 160(1): 61-78.</ref> It can also occur in some disturbed habitat like fallow fields<ref name=fsu>Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Wilson Baker, Andre F. Clewell, M. Davis, R. F. Doren, Robert K. Godfrey, Ann F. Johnson, J. M. Kane, R. A. Norris, and Cecil R. Slaughter. States and Counties: Florida: Duval, Franklin, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, and Wakulla. Georgia: Baker, Grady, and Thomas. Texas: Hardin.</ref>. Associated species include ''Andropogon, Pinus palutris, Aristida stricta, Cyrilla racemiflora, Salix humilis, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Saccharum sp., Dichanthelium scoparium, Smilax rotundifolia, Proserpinaca pectinata,'' and ''Hypericum brachyphyllum''<ref name=fsu/>. | ||
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===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
Flowering has been observed in August through October, and fruiting has been observed in October<ref name=fsu>Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Wilson Baker, Andre F. Clewell, M. Davis, R. F. Doren, Robert K. Godfrey, Ann F. Johnson, J. M. Kane, R. A. Norris, and Cecil R. Slaughter. States and Counties: Florida: Duval, Franklin, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, and Wakulla. Georgia: Baker, Grady, and Thomas. Texas: Hardin.</ref>. | Flowering has been observed in August through October, and fruiting has been observed in October<ref name=fsu>Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Wilson Baker, Andre F. Clewell, M. Davis, R. F. Doren, Robert K. Godfrey, Ann F. Johnson, J. M. Kane, R. A. Norris, and Cecil R. Slaughter. States and Counties: Florida: Duval, Franklin, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, and Wakulla. Georgia: Baker, Grady, and Thomas. Texas: Hardin.</ref>. | ||
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===Seed dispersal=== | ===Seed dispersal=== | ||
According to Kay Kirkman, a plant ecologist, this species disperses by gravity. <ref name="KK"> Kay Kirkman, unpublished data, 2015. </ref> | According to Kay Kirkman, a plant ecologist, this species disperses by gravity. <ref name="KK"> Kay Kirkman, unpublished data, 2015. </ref> | ||
===Seed bank and germination=== | ===Seed bank and germination=== | ||
Several short-lived perennial forbs also have a seed bank persistent for at least several years.<ref>Platt, W. J., S. M. Carr, et al. (2006). "Pine savanna overstorey influences on ground-cover biodiversity." Applied Vegetation Science 9: 37-50.</ref> | Several short-lived perennial forbs also have a seed bank persistent for at least several years.<ref>Platt, W. J., S. M. Carr, et al. (2006). "Pine savanna overstorey influences on ground-cover biodiversity." Applied Vegetation Science 9: 37-50.</ref> | ||
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===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
This species has been found in habitat that burns frequently<ref name=fsu/>. | This species has been found in habitat that burns frequently<ref name=fsu/>. | ||
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<!--===Use by animals===--> <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | <!--===Use by animals===--> <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | ||
<!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | + | ==Conservation and management== | |
| − | ==Conservation and | ||
==Cultivation and restoration== | ==Cultivation and restoration== | ||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Revision as of 08:08, 23 June 2016
| Hypericum crux-andreae | |
|---|---|
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| Photo taken by Michelle Smith | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Theales |
| Family: | Clusiaceae ⁄ Guttiferae |
| Genus: | Hypericum |
| Species: | H. crux-andreae |
| Binomial name | |
| Hypericum crux-andreae (L.) Crantz | |
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| Natural range of Hypericum crux-andreae from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: St. Peterswort
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: Hypericum stans (Michaux ex Willdenow) W.P. Adams & Robson; Ascyrum stans Michaux ex Willdenow; Ascyrum cuneifolium Chapman
Description
Hypericum crux-andreae is a perennial shrub.
“Usually glabrous herbs or shrubs. Leaves usually punctate, simple, opposite, entire, usually sessile or subsessile, exstipulate. Inflorescence basically cymose; flowers perfect, regular, bracteates, subsessile or short-pedicellate, sepals 2, 4, or 5, persistent; petals 4 or 5, usually marcescent, yellow or pink; stamens 5-numerous, separate or connate basally forming 3-5 clusters or fascicles, filaments usually persistent; carpels 2-5, stigmas and styles separate or fused, ovary superior, 1-locular or partly or wholly 2-5 locular, placentation axile or parietal. Capsules basically ovoid, longitudinally dehiscent, styles usually persistent; seeds numerous, lustrous, areolate, cylindric or oblong. In general our species form a polymorphic complex with many intergrading taxa.[1]
"Erect shrub, 4-10 dm tall with shreddy old bark. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic, ovate, or obovate, 1-4 cm long, 5-20 mm wide, obtuse, slightly revolute, base widely cuneate, rounded, or slightly clasping, notched. Flowers solitary, axillary, or in cymules; bracts paired, near center of pedicel to near base of calyx; pedicels 4-10 mm long. Outer sepals cordate or ovate, 6-7 nerved, 10-18 mm long, 8-15 mm wide, acute or obtuse, inner sepals lanceolate, 6-15 mm long, 203 mm wide, acute to acuminate; petals 4, 10-18 mm long; styles usually 3(2-4), separate, 1-2.5 mm long, ovary 1-locular. Capsules ovoid, 7-10 mm long, 4-5 mm broad; seeds brown, 0.7-0.8 mm long."[1].
Distribution
Ecology
Habitat
It is found in longleaf pine-wiregrass flatwoods[2] and titi-cypress swamp communities in Florida.[3] It can also occur in some disturbed habitat like fallow fields[4]. Associated species include Andropogon, Pinus palutris, Aristida stricta, Cyrilla racemiflora, Salix humilis, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Saccharum sp., Dichanthelium scoparium, Smilax rotundifolia, Proserpinaca pectinata, and Hypericum brachyphyllum[4].
Phenology
Flowering has been observed in August through October, and fruiting has been observed in October[4].
Seed dispersal
According to Kay Kirkman, a plant ecologist, this species disperses by gravity. [5]
Seed bank and germination
Several short-lived perennial forbs also have a seed bank persistent for at least several years.[6]
Fire ecology
This species has been found in habitat that burns frequently[4].
Conservation and management
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 709-711. Print.
- ↑ Brockway, D. G. and C. E. Lewis (1997). "Long-term effects of dormant-season prescribed fire on plant community diversity, structure and productivity in a longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystem." Forest Ecology and Management 96: 167-183.
- ↑ Drewa, P., W. Platt, et al. (2002). "Community Structure along Elevation Gradients in Headwater Regions of Longleaf Pine Savannas." Plant Ecology 160(1): 61-78.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Wilson Baker, Andre F. Clewell, M. Davis, R. F. Doren, Robert K. Godfrey, Ann F. Johnson, J. M. Kane, R. A. Norris, and Cecil R. Slaughter. States and Counties: Florida: Duval, Franklin, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, and Wakulla. Georgia: Baker, Grady, and Thomas. Texas: Hardin.
- ↑ Kay Kirkman, unpublished data, 2015.
- ↑ Platt, W. J., S. M. Carr, et al. (2006). "Pine savanna overstorey influences on ground-cover biodiversity." Applied Vegetation Science 9: 37-50.
