Difference between revisions of "Eupatorium rotundifolium"
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| − | Common name: | + | Common name: roundleaf thoroughwort; common roundleaf Eupatorium |
==Taxonomic notes== | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| − | Synonyms: | + | Synonyms: none<ref name=weakley>Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | Varieties: none<ref name=weakley/> | ||
| + | |||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
A description of ''Eupatorium rotundifolium'' is provided in [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416533 The Flora of North America]. | A description of ''Eupatorium rotundifolium'' is provided in [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416533 The Flora of North America]. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | ''E. rotundifolium'' is distributed from Massachusetts, New York, Indiana, and Oklahoma south to southern Florida and Texas.<ref name=weakley/> | ||
| + | |||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
It has well-documented anticancer activities against various human cancer cell lines.<ref>Kintzios, S. E. (2007). "Terrestrial plant-derived anticancer agents and plant species used in anticancer research." Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 25: 79-113.</ref> | It has well-documented anticancer activities against various human cancer cell lines.<ref>Kintzios, S. E. (2007). "Terrestrial plant-derived anticancer agents and plant species used in anticancer research." Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 25: 79-113.</ref> | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | + | ''E. rotundifolium'' is generally found in seepage bogs, savannas, and woodlands.<ref name=weakley/> It has been observed in river bottoms, creek bluffs, slash pine-palmetto flatwoods, near streams, in open-dry habitats, mixed woodlands, savannas, marshy areas, bottomland woodlands, edges of thickets, edges of titi swamps, open boggy areas, Longleaf pine-wiregrass savannas, and well-drained uplands. It is also found in human disturbed areas such as pinelands that have been clear cut and plowed, roadside edges and ditches, in a drainage ditch, in roadside thickets, powerline corridors, in plowed pastures, and in fire breaks bordering pine flatwoods. <ref name=fsu> Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: R.K. Godfrey, Jean Wooten, Victoria Sullivan, Delzie Demaree, Ed Keppner, Lisa Keppner, Clarke Hudson, Carol Havlik, Loran C. Anderson, Nancy E. Jordan, J. P. Gillespie, J. Wooten, J. Lazor, R.L. Lazor, Gwynn W. Ramsey, Richard S. Mitchell, A. F. Clewell, K. Craddock Burks, R. Kral, P. L. Redfearn, Jr., Olga Lakela, Kurt Blum, Doug Gae, R. A. Norris, and Cecil R Slaughter. States and Counties: Arkansas: Lafayette and Sevier. Florida: Alachua, Bay, Calhoun, Citrus, Columbia, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gilchrist, Gulf, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Nassau, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, Orange, Osceola, Pasco, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Sarasota, St. John’s, Suwannee, Taylor, Union, Wakulla, and Washington. Georgia: Grady and Thomas. South Carolina: Jasper.</ref> It can be found in areas regularly burned every 1 to 2 years in the winter. It can be found in longleaf pine savanna communities.<ref name="Brewer and Cralle 2003"/> | |
| + | |||
| + | Associated species include ''Pinus taeda, P. palutris, P. elliottii, Serenoa repens, Taxodium distichum, Liquidambar styraciflua, Sabatia, Lilium, Eupatorium pilosum, E. semiserratum, E. recurvans, E. leucolepis, E. compositifolium, Ceanothus microphyllus, Ctenium, Rhus, Rubus, Aster spinulosus, Myrica cerifera, Magnolia virginiana, Aristida stricta, Cyrilla racemiflora''.<ref name=fsu/> | ||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | ''E. rotundifolium'' has been observed flowering from May to November with peak inflorescence in July and fruiting from July to November.<ref name=fsu/><ref>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 9 DEC 2016</ref> | + | ''E. rotundifolium'' generally flowers from August until October.<ref name=weakley/> It has been observed flowering from May to November with peak inflorescence in July and fruiting from July to November.<ref name=fsu/><ref>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 9 DEC 2016</ref> |
===Seed dispersal=== | ===Seed dispersal=== | ||
This species is thought to be dispersed by wind. <ref>Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.</ref> | This species is thought to be dispersed by wind. <ref>Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.</ref> | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | ===Seed bank and germination=== | ||
| + | It was found in the seed bank of a New England coastal plain pond in Massachusetts.<ref>Neill, C., et al. (2009). "Distribution, species composition and management implications of seed banks in southern New England coastal plain ponds." Biological Conservation 142: 1350-1361.</ref> | ||
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | It is fire-tolerant.<ref name="Brewer and Cralle 2003">Brewer, J. S. and S. P. Cralle (2003). "Phosphorus addition reduces invasion of a longleaf pine savanna (southeastern USA) by a non-indigenous grass (Imperata cylindrica)." Plant Ecology 167: 237-245.</ref> | + | It is fire-tolerant.<ref name="Brewer and Cralle 2003">Brewer, J. S. and S. P. Cralle (2003). "Phosphorus addition reduces invasion of a longleaf pine savanna (southeastern USA) by a non-indigenous grass (Imperata cylindrica)." Plant Ecology 167: 237-245.</ref> A study on fire seasonality found ''E. rotundifolium'' to benefit from summer burn regiments rather than winter or spring burn regiments.<ref>Kush, J. S., et al. (2000). Understory plant community response to season of burn in natural longleaf pine forests. Proceedings 21st Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference. Fire and forest ecology: innovative silviculture & vegetation management, Tallahassee, FL, Tall Timbers Research, Inc.</ref> Another study found this species to increase in abundance 6 months after a fire disturbance, but to decrease in frequency after this point.<ref>Schmalzer, P. A. and C. R. Hinkle (1992). "Recovery of Oak-Saw Palmetto Scrub after Fire." Castanea 57(3): 158-173.</ref> Populations have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.<ref>Robertson, K.M. Unpublished data collected from Pebble Hill Fire Plots, Pebble Hill Plantation, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref> |
| − | < | + | |
| − | + | ===Pollination=== | |
| + | ''E. rotundifolium'' is considered to be of special value to native bees by pollination ecologists since it attracts large numbers of native bees for pollination.<ref>[[https://www.wildflower.org/plants/search.php?search_field=&newsearch=true]] Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: May 10, 2019</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Herbivory and toxicology=== | ||
| + | It also functions as forage for some wildlife species.<ref> Denhof, Carol. 2018. Plant Spotlight ''Eupatorium rotundifolium'' (L.) Roundleaf Thoroughwort. The Longleaf Leader. Vol. XI, Issue 2. Pg. 6</ref><ref>Miller, J.H. and K.V. Miller. Forest Plants of the Southeast and their Wildlife Uses. The University of Georgia Press, Athens, GA. 454pp.</ref><ref>Sorrie, B.A. 2011. A Field Guide to Wildflowers of the Sandhills Region. The University of North Carolina Press. Chapel Hill, NC. 378pp.</ref><ref>USDA, NRCS. 2019. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 16 May 2018). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
<!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | ==Conservation and | + | |
| − | == | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| + | This species is listed as possibly extirpated by the Maine Department of Conservation, Natural Areas Program.<ref name= "USDA">USDA, NRCS. (2016). The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 10 May 2019). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.</ref> It is also critically imperiled in Oklahoma, and vulnerable in Pennsylvania and Indiana.<ref>[[http://explorer.natureserve.org]] NatureServe Explorer. Accessed: May 10, 2019</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Cultural use== | ||
| + | Medicinally, this species has been used in the past to treat intermittent fevers.<ref>Porcher, F. P. (1869). Resources of the southern fields and forests, medical, economical, and agricultural. Richmond, VA, Order of the Surgeon-General.</ref> | ||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 11:26, 26 May 2023
| Eupatorium rotundifolium | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo was taken by Kevin Robertson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae |
| Genus: | Eupatorium |
| Species: | E. rotundifolium |
| Binomial name | |
| Eupatorium rotundifolium L. | |
| |
| Natural range of Eupatorium rotundifolium from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: roundleaf thoroughwort; common roundleaf Eupatorium
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: none[1]
Varieties: none[1]
Description
A description of Eupatorium rotundifolium is provided in The Flora of North America.
Distribution
E. rotundifolium is distributed from Massachusetts, New York, Indiana, and Oklahoma south to southern Florida and Texas.[1]
Ecology
It has well-documented anticancer activities against various human cancer cell lines.[2]
Habitat
E. rotundifolium is generally found in seepage bogs, savannas, and woodlands.[1] It has been observed in river bottoms, creek bluffs, slash pine-palmetto flatwoods, near streams, in open-dry habitats, mixed woodlands, savannas, marshy areas, bottomland woodlands, edges of thickets, edges of titi swamps, open boggy areas, Longleaf pine-wiregrass savannas, and well-drained uplands. It is also found in human disturbed areas such as pinelands that have been clear cut and plowed, roadside edges and ditches, in a drainage ditch, in roadside thickets, powerline corridors, in plowed pastures, and in fire breaks bordering pine flatwoods. [3] It can be found in areas regularly burned every 1 to 2 years in the winter. It can be found in longleaf pine savanna communities.[4]
Associated species include Pinus taeda, P. palutris, P. elliottii, Serenoa repens, Taxodium distichum, Liquidambar styraciflua, Sabatia, Lilium, Eupatorium pilosum, E. semiserratum, E. recurvans, E. leucolepis, E. compositifolium, Ceanothus microphyllus, Ctenium, Rhus, Rubus, Aster spinulosus, Myrica cerifera, Magnolia virginiana, Aristida stricta, Cyrilla racemiflora.[3]
Phenology
E. rotundifolium generally flowers from August until October.[1] It has been observed flowering from May to November with peak inflorescence in July and fruiting from July to November.[3][5]
Seed dispersal
This species is thought to be dispersed by wind. [6]
Seed bank and germination
It was found in the seed bank of a New England coastal plain pond in Massachusetts.[7]
Fire ecology
It is fire-tolerant.[4] A study on fire seasonality found E. rotundifolium to benefit from summer burn regiments rather than winter or spring burn regiments.[8] Another study found this species to increase in abundance 6 months after a fire disturbance, but to decrease in frequency after this point.[9] Populations have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.[10]
Pollination
E. rotundifolium is considered to be of special value to native bees by pollination ecologists since it attracts large numbers of native bees for pollination.[11]
Herbivory and toxicology
It also functions as forage for some wildlife species.[12][13][14][15]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
This species is listed as possibly extirpated by the Maine Department of Conservation, Natural Areas Program.[16] It is also critically imperiled in Oklahoma, and vulnerable in Pennsylvania and Indiana.[17]
Cultural use
Medicinally, this species has been used in the past to treat intermittent fevers.[18]
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ Kintzios, S. E. (2007). "Terrestrial plant-derived anticancer agents and plant species used in anticancer research." Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 25: 79-113.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: R.K. Godfrey, Jean Wooten, Victoria Sullivan, Delzie Demaree, Ed Keppner, Lisa Keppner, Clarke Hudson, Carol Havlik, Loran C. Anderson, Nancy E. Jordan, J. P. Gillespie, J. Wooten, J. Lazor, R.L. Lazor, Gwynn W. Ramsey, Richard S. Mitchell, A. F. Clewell, K. Craddock Burks, R. Kral, P. L. Redfearn, Jr., Olga Lakela, Kurt Blum, Doug Gae, R. A. Norris, and Cecil R Slaughter. States and Counties: Arkansas: Lafayette and Sevier. Florida: Alachua, Bay, Calhoun, Citrus, Columbia, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gilchrist, Gulf, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Nassau, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, Orange, Osceola, Pasco, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Sarasota, St. John’s, Suwannee, Taylor, Union, Wakulla, and Washington. Georgia: Grady and Thomas. South Carolina: Jasper.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Brewer, J. S. and S. P. Cralle (2003). "Phosphorus addition reduces invasion of a longleaf pine savanna (southeastern USA) by a non-indigenous grass (Imperata cylindrica)." Plant Ecology 167: 237-245.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 9 DEC 2016
- ↑ Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.
- ↑ Neill, C., et al. (2009). "Distribution, species composition and management implications of seed banks in southern New England coastal plain ponds." Biological Conservation 142: 1350-1361.
- ↑ Kush, J. S., et al. (2000). Understory plant community response to season of burn in natural longleaf pine forests. Proceedings 21st Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference. Fire and forest ecology: innovative silviculture & vegetation management, Tallahassee, FL, Tall Timbers Research, Inc.
- ↑ Schmalzer, P. A. and C. R. Hinkle (1992). "Recovery of Oak-Saw Palmetto Scrub after Fire." Castanea 57(3): 158-173.
- ↑ Robertson, K.M. Unpublished data collected from Pebble Hill Fire Plots, Pebble Hill Plantation, Thomasville, Georgia.
- ↑ [[1]] Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: May 10, 2019
- ↑ Denhof, Carol. 2018. Plant Spotlight Eupatorium rotundifolium (L.) Roundleaf Thoroughwort. The Longleaf Leader. Vol. XI, Issue 2. Pg. 6
- ↑ Miller, J.H. and K.V. Miller. Forest Plants of the Southeast and their Wildlife Uses. The University of Georgia Press, Athens, GA. 454pp.
- ↑ Sorrie, B.A. 2011. A Field Guide to Wildflowers of the Sandhills Region. The University of North Carolina Press. Chapel Hill, NC. 378pp.
- ↑ USDA, NRCS. 2019. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 16 May 2018). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.
- ↑ USDA, NRCS. (2016). The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 10 May 2019). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.
- ↑ [[2]] NatureServe Explorer. Accessed: May 10, 2019
- ↑ Porcher, F. P. (1869). Resources of the southern fields and forests, medical, economical, and agricultural. Richmond, VA, Order of the Surgeon-General.
