Difference between revisions of "Eriocaulon decangulare"

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Common name: Tenangle pipewort
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Common name: tenangle pipewort, common ten-angled pipewort, panhandle pipeword
 
==Taxonomic notes==
 
==Taxonomic notes==
 +
Synonyms: none<ref name=weakley>Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref>
  
Varieties: ''Eriocaulon decangulare'' Linnaeus var. ''latifolium'' Chapman ex Moldenke; ''Eriocaulon decangulare'' Linnaeus var. ''decangulare''
+
Varieties: ''Eriocaulon decangulare'' Linnaeus ''var. decangulare''; ''Eriocaulon decangulare'' Linnaeus ''var. latifolium'' Chapman ex Moldenke<ref name=weakley/>
  
 
==Description==  
 
==Description==  
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==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
This species is distributed along the southeastern coastal plain from Pennsylvania and New Jersey south to Florida and west to Oklahoma and Texas.<ref name= "USDA">USDA, NRCS. (2016). The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 9 May 2019). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.</ref> ''E. decangulare'' var. ''decangulare'' can be found from New Jersey south to southern Florida, west to southwest Arkansas and eastern Texas, and south into Mexico and South America. ''E. decangulare'' var. ''latifolium'' can be found only in the panhandle of Florida, southern Alabama, and southern Mississippi.<ref name= "Weakley">Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.</ref>
+
This species is distributed along the southeastern coastal plain from Pennsylvania and New Jersey south to Florida and west to Oklahoma and Texas.<ref name= "USDA">USDA, NRCS. (2016). The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 9 May 2019). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.</ref> ''E. decangulare'' var. ''decangulare'' can be found from New Jersey south to southern Florida, west to southwest Arkansas and eastern Texas, and south into Mexico and South America. ''E. decangulare'' var. ''latifolium'' can be found only in the panhandle of Florida, southern Alabama, and southern Mississippi.<ref name=weakley/>
  
 
==Ecology==
 
==Ecology==
  
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
Habitats of ''E. decangulare'' var. ''decangulare'' include wet pine flatwoods and savannas, mafic fens and seeps, bogs, wind-tidal marshes, and seasonally flooded pools. As well, ''E. decangulare'' var. ''latifolium'' can be found in seepage bogs.<ref name= "Weakley"/> ''E. decangulare'' has been observed in a range of habitats including pond edges, in standing water of shallow ponds, moist depressions, bog muck, peaty margins, old stump hole depressions in savannas, sphagnous bogs, swampy areas, inundated pineland glades, and interdunal flats. Soils include sandy and wet soils, muck, moist to wet sandy peat, and rich loamy sand.<ref name= "herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: May 2019. Collectors: Frank Almeda, Loran C. Anderson, Wilson Baker, Wade Biltoft, Keith Bradley, Edwin L. Bridges, Rev. Robert Brinker, Jenny Britten, Daniel Castillo, Andre F. Clewell, R. J. Coile, George R. Cooley, A. H. Curtiss, Richard J. Eaton, Nancy Edmonson, D. L. Fichtner, Paul Fortsch, Robert K. Godfrey, Bruce Hansen, JoAnn Hansen, Gary R. Knight, R. Komarek, Mabel Kral, Robert Kral, Olga Lakela, Robert L. Lazor, Robert J Lemaire, S. W. Leonard, Sidney McDaniel, Thomas E. Miller, Marc Minno, Melanie Mitchell, Richard S. Mitchell, John B. Nelson, R. A. Norris, Steve L. Orzell, R. E. Perdue, Jr., Richard Porcher, Gwynn W. Ramsey, P. L. Redfearn, P. L. Redfearn, Jr., Grady W. Reinert, Amanda Sang, Cecil R. Slaughter, William R. Stimson, and Jean W. Wooten. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Brevard, Broward, Calhoun, Clay, Collier, Dixie, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Hillsborough, Indian River, Jackson, Jefferson, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Martin, Okaloosa, Orange, Osceola, Palm Beach, Santa Rosa, Sarasota, St Johns, St Lucie, Sumter, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington. Georgia: Clinch, Thomas, and Worth. South Carolina: Berkeley.</ref> The species is listed by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service as an obligate wetland species that is almost exclusively found in wetland habitats.<ref name= "USDA"/> It requires full sun, and has a low tolerance for calcium carbonate.<ref name= "lady bird"/> ''E. decangulare'' responds positively to soil disturbance by heavy silvilculture in North Carolina.<ref>Cohen, S., R. Braham, and F. Sanchez. (2004). Seed Bank Viability in Disturbed Longleaf Pine Sites. Restoration Ecology 12(4):503-515.</ref>
+
Habitats of ''E. decangulare'' var. ''decangulare'' include wet pine flatwoods and savannas, mafic fens and seeps, bogs, wind-tidal marshes, and seasonally flooded pools. As well, ''E. decangulare'' var. ''latifolium'' can be found in seepage bogs.<ref name=weakley/> ''E. decangulare'' has been observed in a range of habitats including pond edges, in standing water of shallow ponds, moist depressions, bog muck, peaty margins, old stump hole depressions in savannas, sphagnous bogs, swampy areas, inundated pineland glades, and interdunal flats. Soils include sandy and wet soils, muck, moist to wet sandy peat, and rich loamy sand.<ref name= "herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: May 2019. Collectors: Frank Almeda, Loran C. Anderson, Wilson Baker, Wade Biltoft, Keith Bradley, Edwin L. Bridges, Rev. Robert Brinker, Jenny Britten, Daniel Castillo, Andre F. Clewell, R. J. Coile, George R. Cooley, A. H. Curtiss, Richard J. Eaton, Nancy Edmonson, D. L. Fichtner, Paul Fortsch, Robert K. Godfrey, Bruce Hansen, JoAnn Hansen, Gary R. Knight, R. Komarek, Mabel Kral, Robert Kral, Olga Lakela, Robert L. Lazor, Robert J Lemaire, S. W. Leonard, Sidney McDaniel, Thomas E. Miller, Marc Minno, Melanie Mitchell, Richard S. Mitchell, John B. Nelson, R. A. Norris, Steve L. Orzell, R. E. Perdue, Jr., Richard Porcher, Gwynn W. Ramsey, P. L. Redfearn, P. L. Redfearn, Jr., Grady W. Reinert, Amanda Sang, Cecil R. Slaughter, William R. Stimson, and Jean W. Wooten. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Brevard, Broward, Calhoun, Clay, Collier, Dixie, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Hillsborough, Indian River, Jackson, Jefferson, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Martin, Okaloosa, Orange, Osceola, Palm Beach, Santa Rosa, Sarasota, St Johns, St Lucie, Sumter, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington. Georgia: Clinch, Thomas, and Worth. South Carolina: Berkeley.</ref> The species is listed by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service as an obligate wetland species that is almost exclusively found in wetland habitats.<ref name= "USDA"/> It requires full sun, and has a low tolerance for calcium carbonate.<ref name= "lady bird"/> ''E. decangulare'' was found to increase its presence in response to soil disturbance by heavy silvilculture in North Carolina. It has also shown regrowth in reestablished longleaf pinelands that were disturbed by these practices.<ref>Cohen, S., R. Braham, and F. Sanchez. (2004). Seed Bank Viability in Disturbed Longleaf Pine Sites. Restoration Ecology 12(4):503-515.</ref>
  
 
Associated species include ''Pinus palustris'', ''Pinus elliottii'', ''Habenaria ciliaris'', ''Balduina uniflora'', ''Lilium catesbaei'', ''Eragrostis elliottii'', ''Rhynchospora'' sp., ''Cyrilla racemiflora'', ''Taxodium'' sp., ''Aristida tussocks'', ''Ilex coriacea'', ''Lobelia brevifolia'', ''Lobelia nuttallii'', ''Polygala brevifolia'', ''Polygala ramosa'', ''Polygala lutea'', ''Pluchea baccharis'', ''Sarracenia flava'', ''Rhexia petiolata'', ''Lycopodium carolinianum'', and ''Utricularia juncea''.<ref name= "herbarium"/>
 
Associated species include ''Pinus palustris'', ''Pinus elliottii'', ''Habenaria ciliaris'', ''Balduina uniflora'', ''Lilium catesbaei'', ''Eragrostis elliottii'', ''Rhynchospora'' sp., ''Cyrilla racemiflora'', ''Taxodium'' sp., ''Aristida tussocks'', ''Ilex coriacea'', ''Lobelia brevifolia'', ''Lobelia nuttallii'', ''Polygala brevifolia'', ''Polygala ramosa'', ''Polygala lutea'', ''Pluchea baccharis'', ''Sarracenia flava'', ''Rhexia petiolata'', ''Lycopodium carolinianum'', and ''Utricularia juncea''.<ref name= "herbarium"/>
  
''Eriocaulon decangulare''  is frequent and abundant in the North Florida Wet Flatlands and Lower Panhandle Savannas community types as described in Carr et al. (2010).<ref>Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.</ref>
+
''Eriocaulon decangulare''  is frequent and abundant in the North Florida Wet Flatlands, Lower Panhandle Savannas, and Panhandle Seepage Savannas community types as described in Carr et al. (2010).<ref>Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.</ref>
  
 
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->
 
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->
Generally, ''E. decangulare'' flowers from June until October.<ref name= "Weakley"/> It has been observed flowering in January and also from March to November with peak inflorescence in June.<ref>Nelson, G.  [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/  Accessed: 9 DEC 2016</ref><ref name= "herbarium"/>
+
Generally, ''E. decangulare'' flowers from June until October.<ref name=weakley/> It has been observed flowering in January and also from March to November with peak inflorescence in June.<ref>Nelson, G.  [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/  Accessed: 9 DEC 2016</ref><ref name= "herbarium"/>
 
<!--===Seed dispersal===-->
 
<!--===Seed dispersal===-->
  
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===Pollination===
 
===Pollination===
The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of ''Eriocaulon decangulare'' at Archbold Biological Station: <ref name="Deyrup 2015">Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.</ref>
+
''Eriocaulon decangulare'' has been observed at the Archbold Biological Station to host plasterer bees such as ''Hylaeus confluens'' (family Colletidae), leafcutting bees such as ''Megachile albitarsis'' (family Megachilidae), sweat bees from the Halictidae family such as ''Halictus poeyi, Lasioglossum coreopsis, L. nymphalis'' and ''L. tamiamensis'', wasps from the Vespidae family such as ''Pachodynerus erynnis, Stenodynerus fundatiformis'' and ''S. histrionalis rufustus'', thread-waisted wasps from the Sphecidae family such as ''Cerceris blakei, Ectemnius rufipes ais'' and ''Philanthus ventilabris''.<ref name="Deyrup 2015">Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.</ref> Other species in the Hymenoptera order seen to pollinate ''E. decangulare'' include ''Dialictus coreopsis'', ''Dialictus tamiamensis'', and ''Halictus ligatus''.<ref>Deyrup, M. J. E., and Beth Norden (2002). "The diversity and floral hosts of bees at the Archbold Biological Station, Florida (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)." Insecta mundi 16(1-3).</ref> Additionally, ''E. decangulare'' has been observed to host owlflies such as ''Ululodes quadripunctatus'' (family Ascalaphidae).<ref>Discoverlife.org [https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Bidens+albaDiscoverlife.org|Discoverlife.org]</ref>
  
Colletidae:  ''Hylaeus confluens''
+
<!--===Herbivory and toxicology===-->
 
 
Halictidae:  ''Halictus poeyi, Lasioglossum coreopsis, L. nymphalis, L. tamiamensis''
 
 
 
Megachilidae:  ''Megachile albitarsis''
 
 
 
Sphecidae:  ''Cerceris blakei, Ectemnius rufipes ais, Philanthus ventilabris''
 
 
 
Vespidae:  ''Pachodynerus erynnis, Stenodynerus fundatiformis, S. histrionalis rufustus''
 
 
 
Other species in the Hymenoptera order seen to pollinate ''E. decangulare'' includes ''Dialictus coreopsis'', ''Dialictus tamiamensis'', and ''Halictus ligatus''.<ref>Deyrup, M. J. E., and Beth Norden (2002). "The diversity and floral hosts of bees at the Archbold Biological Station, Florida (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)." Insecta mundi 16(1-3).</ref>
 
<!--===Use by animals===--> <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.-->
 
 
<!--===Diseases and parasites===-->
 
<!--===Diseases and parasites===-->
  
==Conservation and management==
+
==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration==
 
This species is listed as extirpated by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, and it is listed as endangered by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Natural Heritage Program.<ref name= "USDA"/>
 
This species is listed as extirpated by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, and it is listed as endangered by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Natural Heritage Program.<ref name= "USDA"/>
  
==Cultivation and restoration==
+
==Cultural use==
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
<gallery widths=180px>
 
<gallery widths=180px>

Latest revision as of 10:08, 26 May 2023

Eriocaulon decangulare
Erio deca.jpg
Photo by John R. Gwaltney, Southeastern Flora.com
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class: Liliopsida – Monocotyledons
Order: Eriocaulales
Family: Eriocaulaceae
Genus: Eriocaulon
Species: E. decangulare
Binomial name
Eriocaulon decangulare
L.
Erio deca dist.jpg
Natural range of Eriocaulon decangulare from USDA NRCS Plants Database.

Common name: tenangle pipewort, common ten-angled pipewort, panhandle pipeword

Taxonomic notes

Synonyms: none[1]

Varieties: Eriocaulon decangulare Linnaeus var. decangulare; Eriocaulon decangulare Linnaeus var. latifolium Chapman ex Moldenke[1]

Description

A description of Eriocaulon decangulare is provided in The Flora of North America. Flowers of the Eriocaulon genus are arranged in a crowded head on a long and leafless stalk.[2] Average maximum root depth of E. decangulare was found to be 21 cm, and average root porosity to be 71 percent.[3]

Distribution

This species is distributed along the southeastern coastal plain from Pennsylvania and New Jersey south to Florida and west to Oklahoma and Texas.[4] E. decangulare var. decangulare can be found from New Jersey south to southern Florida, west to southwest Arkansas and eastern Texas, and south into Mexico and South America. E. decangulare var. latifolium can be found only in the panhandle of Florida, southern Alabama, and southern Mississippi.[1]

Ecology

Habitat

Habitats of E. decangulare var. decangulare include wet pine flatwoods and savannas, mafic fens and seeps, bogs, wind-tidal marshes, and seasonally flooded pools. As well, E. decangulare var. latifolium can be found in seepage bogs.[1] E. decangulare has been observed in a range of habitats including pond edges, in standing water of shallow ponds, moist depressions, bog muck, peaty margins, old stump hole depressions in savannas, sphagnous bogs, swampy areas, inundated pineland glades, and interdunal flats. Soils include sandy and wet soils, muck, moist to wet sandy peat, and rich loamy sand.[5] The species is listed by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service as an obligate wetland species that is almost exclusively found in wetland habitats.[4] It requires full sun, and has a low tolerance for calcium carbonate.[2] E. decangulare was found to increase its presence in response to soil disturbance by heavy silvilculture in North Carolina. It has also shown regrowth in reestablished longleaf pinelands that were disturbed by these practices.[6]

Associated species include Pinus palustris, Pinus elliottii, Habenaria ciliaris, Balduina uniflora, Lilium catesbaei, Eragrostis elliottii, Rhynchospora sp., Cyrilla racemiflora, Taxodium sp., Aristida tussocks, Ilex coriacea, Lobelia brevifolia, Lobelia nuttallii, Polygala brevifolia, Polygala ramosa, Polygala lutea, Pluchea baccharis, Sarracenia flava, Rhexia petiolata, Lycopodium carolinianum, and Utricularia juncea.[5]

Eriocaulon decangulare is frequent and abundant in the North Florida Wet Flatlands, Lower Panhandle Savannas, and Panhandle Seepage Savannas community types as described in Carr et al. (2010).[7]

Phenology

Generally, E. decangulare flowers from June until October.[1] It has been observed flowering in January and also from March to November with peak inflorescence in June.[8][5]

Seed bank and germination

This species has been found in the seed bank of both disturbed and non-disturbed areas in its native habitat.[9]

Fire ecology

It is commonly found in habitats that are fire-dependent.[10]

Pollination

Eriocaulon decangulare has been observed at the Archbold Biological Station to host plasterer bees such as Hylaeus confluens (family Colletidae), leafcutting bees such as Megachile albitarsis (family Megachilidae), sweat bees from the Halictidae family such as Halictus poeyi, Lasioglossum coreopsis, L. nymphalis and L. tamiamensis, wasps from the Vespidae family such as Pachodynerus erynnis, Stenodynerus fundatiformis and S. histrionalis rufustus, thread-waisted wasps from the Sphecidae family such as Cerceris blakei, Ectemnius rufipes ais and Philanthus ventilabris.[11] Other species in the Hymenoptera order seen to pollinate E. decangulare include Dialictus coreopsis, Dialictus tamiamensis, and Halictus ligatus.[12] Additionally, E. decangulare has been observed to host owlflies such as Ululodes quadripunctatus (family Ascalaphidae).[13]


Conservation, cultivation, and restoration

This species is listed as extirpated by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, and it is listed as endangered by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Natural Heritage Program.[4]

Cultural use

Photo Gallery

References and notes

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
  2. 2.0 2.1 [[1]] Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: May 9, 2019
  3. Brewer, J. S., et al. (2011). "Carnivory in plants as a beneficial trait in wetlands." Aquatic Botany 94: 62-70.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 USDA, NRCS. (2016). The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 9 May 2019). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: May 2019. Collectors: Frank Almeda, Loran C. Anderson, Wilson Baker, Wade Biltoft, Keith Bradley, Edwin L. Bridges, Rev. Robert Brinker, Jenny Britten, Daniel Castillo, Andre F. Clewell, R. J. Coile, George R. Cooley, A. H. Curtiss, Richard J. Eaton, Nancy Edmonson, D. L. Fichtner, Paul Fortsch, Robert K. Godfrey, Bruce Hansen, JoAnn Hansen, Gary R. Knight, R. Komarek, Mabel Kral, Robert Kral, Olga Lakela, Robert L. Lazor, Robert J Lemaire, S. W. Leonard, Sidney McDaniel, Thomas E. Miller, Marc Minno, Melanie Mitchell, Richard S. Mitchell, John B. Nelson, R. A. Norris, Steve L. Orzell, R. E. Perdue, Jr., Richard Porcher, Gwynn W. Ramsey, P. L. Redfearn, P. L. Redfearn, Jr., Grady W. Reinert, Amanda Sang, Cecil R. Slaughter, William R. Stimson, and Jean W. Wooten. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Brevard, Broward, Calhoun, Clay, Collier, Dixie, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Hillsborough, Indian River, Jackson, Jefferson, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Martin, Okaloosa, Orange, Osceola, Palm Beach, Santa Rosa, Sarasota, St Johns, St Lucie, Sumter, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington. Georgia: Clinch, Thomas, and Worth. South Carolina: Berkeley.
  6. Cohen, S., R. Braham, and F. Sanchez. (2004). Seed Bank Viability in Disturbed Longleaf Pine Sites. Restoration Ecology 12(4):503-515.
  7. Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.
  8. Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 9 DEC 2016
  9. Cohen, S., et al. (2004). "Seed bank viability in disturbed longleaf pine sites." Restoration Ecology 12: 503-515.
  10. Carr, S. C., et al. (2010). "A Vegetation Classification of Fire-Dependent Pinelands of Florida." Castanea 75(2): 153-189.
  11. Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
  12. Deyrup, M. J. E., and Beth Norden (2002). "The diversity and floral hosts of bees at the Archbold Biological Station, Florida (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)." Insecta mundi 16(1-3).
  13. Discoverlife.org [2]