Difference between revisions of "Calopogon tuberosus"
| Line 35: | Line 35: | ||
''C. tuberosus'' is common in savannas, sandhill seeps, floating peat mats, and other regions during April to September. <ref name= "Weakley"/> A variety of other habitats that this orchid can been found include, marl prairies, pine flatwoods, roadsides, fens, and bogs. <ref name= "kauth">Kauth, P. J., et al. (2011). "Comparative in vitro germination ecology of Calopogon tuberosus var. tuberosus (Orchidaceae) across its geographic range." The Society for In Vitro Biology: 148-156. </ref> Specimens of ''C. tuberosus'' have been collected from moist loamy sand of savanna like longleaf pine regions, and wet seepage areas. <ref name = "FSU herbarium"> Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: March 2019. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Robert K. Godfrey, R. Komarek, R. A. Norris, and Rodie White. States and Counties: Florida: Franklin, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, Taylor, and Wakulla. Georgia: Grady and Thomas.</ref> | ''C. tuberosus'' is common in savannas, sandhill seeps, floating peat mats, and other regions during April to September. <ref name= "Weakley"/> A variety of other habitats that this orchid can been found include, marl prairies, pine flatwoods, roadsides, fens, and bogs. <ref name= "kauth">Kauth, P. J., et al. (2011). "Comparative in vitro germination ecology of Calopogon tuberosus var. tuberosus (Orchidaceae) across its geographic range." The Society for In Vitro Biology: 148-156. </ref> Specimens of ''C. tuberosus'' have been collected from moist loamy sand of savanna like longleaf pine regions, and wet seepage areas. <ref name = "FSU herbarium"> Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: March 2019. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Robert K. Godfrey, R. Komarek, R. A. Norris, and Rodie White. States and Counties: Florida: Franklin, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, Taylor, and Wakulla. Georgia: Grady and Thomas.</ref> | ||
| − | Associated species: ''Arnoglossum'' sp., ''Lycopodiella' sp., ''Rhynchospora'' sp., ''Juncus'' sp., ''Utricularia'' sp., ''Cliftonia monophylla'', ''Sarracenia leucophylla', ''Syngonanthus flavidulus'', ''Eriocaulon compressum'', ''Lachnocaulon anceps'', ''Drosera capillaris'', and ''Drosera tracyi''.<ref name= "FSU herbarium"/> | + | Associated species: ''Arnoglossum'' sp., ''Lycopodiella'' sp., ''Rhynchospora'' sp., ''Juncus'' sp., ''Utricularia'' sp., ''Cliftonia monophylla'', ''Sarracenia leucophylla'', ''Syngonanthus flavidulus'', ''Eriocaulon compressum'', ''Lachnocaulon anceps'', ''Drosera capillaris'', and ''Drosera tracyi''.<ref name= "FSU herbarium"/> |
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
Revision as of 13:48, 29 March 2019
Common Names: Tuberosus Grasspink[1]; Grass Pink Orchid[2]; Common Grass-pink[3]
| Calopogon tuberosus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by the Atlas of Florida Plants Database | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Liliopsida - Moncots |
| Order: | Orchidales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Genus: | Calopogon |
| Species: | C. tuberosus |
| Binomial name | |
| Calopogon tuberosus L | |
| |
| Natural range of Calopogon tuberosus from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonyms: Calopogon pulchellus (R. Brown); Limodorum tuberosum (Linnaeus)
Varieties: Calopogon tuberosus (Linnaeus) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg var. tuberosus; Calopogon tuberosus (Linnaeus) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg var. simpsonii (Chapman) Magrath
The genus Calopogon is derived from the Greek words meaning beautiful beard.[4]
Description
C. tuberosus is a perennial forb/herb in the Orchidaceae family native to North America.[1] The prominent hairs, called the Beard, on the lip of the petal are the main identifying feature. It has simple, long, and narrow grass-like leaves, reaching 2 1/2 to 4 feet tall with at least 2 flowers along the stem. The rose-pink to pale orchid flower is approximately 2 inches across, and is sweet-smelling.[4]
Distribution
Found along the east coast of the United States and Canada into the center of North America, the C. tuberosus is common in savannas, sandhill seeps, and in bogs within mountain regions. C. tuberosus var. simpsonii can be found in south peninsular Florida, the West Indies, and Cuba.[3]
Ecology
Habitat
C. tuberosus is common in savannas, sandhill seeps, floating peat mats, and other regions during April to September. [3] A variety of other habitats that this orchid can been found include, marl prairies, pine flatwoods, roadsides, fens, and bogs. [5] Specimens of C. tuberosus have been collected from moist loamy sand of savanna like longleaf pine regions, and wet seepage areas. [6]
Associated species: Arnoglossum sp., Lycopodiella sp., Rhynchospora sp., Juncus sp., Utricularia sp., Cliftonia monophylla, Sarracenia leucophylla, Syngonanthus flavidulus, Eriocaulon compressum, Lachnocaulon anceps, Drosera capillaris, and Drosera tracyi.[6]
Phenology
Common bloom time is between March and August.[4] It has been observed to flower in the southeast coastal plain from April to June with peak inflorescence in April.[7]
Seed bank and germination
Generally, warmer temperatures produce more seedling germination for the C. tuberosus with the exception of Michigan where cooler temperatures resulted in more germination. Also, fluctuating temperatures are more beneficial than stagnant temperatures. [8]
Pollination
C. tuberosus does not provide a benefit to pollinators, due to this aspect they use deceit to get pollinators to come. Bees land on fake stamens which causes the structure to collapse and transfer pollen to the bee.[9]
Conservation and Management
C. tuberosus is listed as endangered by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, the Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission, and the Maryland Department of Natural Resources. It is also listed as a species of special concern by the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, and listed as exploitably vulnerable by the New York Division of Land and Forests.[1]
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 USDA Plant Database Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "USDA" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Board, I. E. S. P. (2015). "CHECKLIST OF ILLINOIS ENDANGERED AND THREATENED ANIMALS AND PLANTS." Illinois List of Endangered and Threatened Species: 1-16.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 [[1]] Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: March 29, 2019
- ↑ Kauth, P. J., et al. (2011). "Comparative in vitro germination ecology of Calopogon tuberosus var. tuberosus (Orchidaceae) across its geographic range." The Society for In Vitro Biology: 148-156.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: March 2019. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Robert K. Godfrey, R. Komarek, R. A. Norris, and Rodie White. States and Counties: Florida: Franklin, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, Taylor, and Wakulla. Georgia: Grady and Thomas.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 29 MAR 2019
- ↑ [Kauth, P. J., et al. (2011). "Comparative in vitro germination ecology of Calopogon tuberosus var. tuberosus (Orchidaceae) across its geographic range." The Society for In Vitro Biology: 148-156.]
- ↑ Explained by Roger Hammer, May 2018, posted to Florida Flora and Ecosystematics Facebook Group May 20, 2018.
