Difference between revisions of "Bejaria racemosa"
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A description of ''Bejaria racemosa'' is provided in [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250015286 The Flora of North America]. | A description of ''Bejaria racemosa'' is provided in [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250015286 The Flora of North America]. | ||
| − | ''B. racemosa'' is a long live perennial shrub with leaves that are alternate, entire and coriaceous. The leaves and stems are covered with rough, firm, and stiff hairs <ref name="IFAS Extension">[[http://lee.ifas.ufl.edu/Hort/GardenPubsAZ/Tarflower.pdf IFAS Extension]] Accessed: December 2, 2015</ref>. It grows around 2 to 5 feet high and has large white flowers tinged pink. A viscid sticky substance that entraps insects is secreted on the stem below the flower ( | + | ''B. racemosa'' is a long live perennial shrub with leaves that are alternate, entire and coriaceous. The leaves and stems are covered with rough, firm, and stiff hairs <ref name="IFAS Extension">[[http://lee.ifas.ufl.edu/Hort/GardenPubsAZ/Tarflower.pdf IFAS Extension]] Accessed: December 2, 2015</ref>. It grows around 2 to 5 feet high and has large white flowers tinged pink. A viscid sticky substance that entraps insects is secreted on the stem below the flower<ref>Webster, G. W.. Insectivorous Plants of South Florida. Science 22.546 (1893): 37–38.</ref>. |
| − | Species in the genus ''Bejaria'' have separate petals, radial symmetry, open rotate flowers, superior ovaries, and septicidal capsules; classifying them as the most primitive genus in ''Ericaceae'' ( | + | Species in the genus ''Bejaria'' have separate petals, radial symmetry, open rotate flowers, superior ovaries, and septicidal capsules; classifying them as the most primitive genus in ''Ericaceae''<ref>Kron, Kathleen A.. Phylogenetic Relationships of Rhododendroideae (Ericaceae). American Journal of Botany 84.7 (1997): 973–980.</ref>. |
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
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==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | In the Coastal Plain in Florida, ''B. racemosa'' has been found in pine flatwoods, scrub barrens, and sand pine scrubs | + | In the Coastal Plain in Florida, ''B. racemosa'' has been found in pine flatwoods, scrub barrens, and sand pine scrubs<ref name="FSU">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Michael B. Brooks, R.K. Godfrey, R. Kral, Sidney McDaniel, Jean W. Wooten. States and Counties: Florida: Dixie, Highlands, Palm Beach, St. Johns. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref>. It is drought tolerant and is found on well drained sandy soils in full sun to light shade <ref name="natives">[[http://regionalconservation.org/beta/nfyn/plantdetail.asp?tx=Bejarace Natives for your neighborhood]] Accessed: December 2, 2015.</ref>. Associated species include ''Callicarpa americana, Ceratiola ericoides, Rhus copallinum'', slash pine, wax myrtle, and saw palmetto <ref name="IFAS"/>. |
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | Flowers are white with a pink tinge with black, sticky dehiscent fruit <ref name="IFAS"/> <ref name=FNPS>[[http://www.fnps.org/plants/plant/bejaria-racemosa Florida Native Plant Society]]Accessed December 2, 2015</ref>. It has been observed flowering and fruiting May through August | + | Flowers are white with a pink tinge with black, sticky dehiscent fruit <ref name="IFAS"/> <ref name=FNPS>[[http://www.fnps.org/plants/plant/bejaria-racemosa Florida Native Plant Society]]Accessed December 2, 2015</ref>. It has been observed flowering and fruiting May through August<ref name="FSU"></ref>. |
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
===Seed bank and germination=== | ===Seed bank and germination=== | ||
| − | For some species native to fire-prone habitats, chemicals in smoke may induce germination, signaling the seed that the environmental conditions are favorable for germination and growth | + | For some species native to fire-prone habitats, chemicals in smoke may induce germination, signaling the seed that the environmental conditions are favorable for germination and growth<ref name="Menges">Lindon, H. L. and E. Menges (2008). "Scientific note: effects of smoke on seed germination of twenty species of fire-prone habitats in Florida." Castanea 73: 106-110. |
| + | </ref>. In a study done by Lindon and Menges (2008), they found that smoke exposure under five minutes did not effect the germination rate, however there was no germination for seeds exposed to smoke for more than five minutes.<ref name="Menges"></ref> | ||
<!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | <!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
===Pollination=== | ===Pollination=== | ||
| − | The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of ''Bejaria racemosa'' at Archbold Biological Station | + | The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of ''Bejaria racemosa'' at Archbold Biological Station<ref>Deyrup, M.A. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.</ref>: |
Apidae: ''Apis mellifera, Bombus impatiens, B. pennsylvanicus'' | Apidae: ''Apis mellifera, Bombus impatiens, B. pennsylvanicus'' | ||
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==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
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Revision as of 13:14, 18 May 2016
| Bejaria racemosa | |
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| Photo taken by Michelle Smith at Archbold Biological Station | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Ericaceae |
| Genus: | Bejaria |
| Species: | B. racemosa |
| Binomial name | |
| Bejaria racemosa Vent. | |
| |
| Natural range of Bejaria racemosa from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: flyweed
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonym: Befaria racemosa Vent.
Description
A description of Bejaria racemosa is provided in The Flora of North America.
B. racemosa is a long live perennial shrub with leaves that are alternate, entire and coriaceous. The leaves and stems are covered with rough, firm, and stiff hairs [1]. It grows around 2 to 5 feet high and has large white flowers tinged pink. A viscid sticky substance that entraps insects is secreted on the stem below the flower[2].
Species in the genus Bejaria have separate petals, radial symmetry, open rotate flowers, superior ovaries, and septicidal capsules; classifying them as the most primitive genus in Ericaceae[3].
Distribution
It is a native to southeast Georgia and throughout Florida, except in the western panhandle and the keys [4].
Ecology
Habitat
In the Coastal Plain in Florida, B. racemosa has been found in pine flatwoods, scrub barrens, and sand pine scrubs[5]. It is drought tolerant and is found on well drained sandy soils in full sun to light shade [6]. Associated species include Callicarpa americana, Ceratiola ericoides, Rhus copallinum, slash pine, wax myrtle, and saw palmetto [4].
Phenology
Flowers are white with a pink tinge with black, sticky dehiscent fruit [4] [7]. It has been observed flowering and fruiting May through August[5].
Seed bank and germination
For some species native to fire-prone habitats, chemicals in smoke may induce germination, signaling the seed that the environmental conditions are favorable for germination and growth[8]. In a study done by Lindon and Menges (2008), they found that smoke exposure under five minutes did not effect the germination rate, however there was no germination for seeds exposed to smoke for more than five minutes.[8]
Pollination
The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of Bejaria racemosa at Archbold Biological Station[9]:
Apidae: Apis mellifera, Bombus impatiens, B. pennsylvanicus
Halictidae: Agapostemon splendens, Augochlorella aurata, A. gratiosa, Augochloropsis sumptuosa
Megachilidae: Anthidiellum perplexum, Anthidium maculifrons, Coelioxys sayi, Megachile brevis pseudobrevis, M. mendica, M. petulans
Vespidae: Euodynerus boscii boharti, Monobia quadridens, Parancistrocerus histrio, P. salcularis rufulus, Pseudodynerus quadrisectus, Stenodynerus fundatiformis, Zethus spinipes
Photo Gallery
Bejaria racemosa Photo by Michelle Smith
Archbold Biological Station, FL.
Bejaria racemosa Photo by Michelle Smith
Archbold Biological Station, FL.
References and notes
- ↑ [IFAS Extension] Accessed: December 2, 2015
- ↑ Webster, G. W.. Insectivorous Plants of South Florida. Science 22.546 (1893): 37–38.
- ↑ Kron, Kathleen A.. Phylogenetic Relationships of Rhododendroideae (Ericaceae). American Journal of Botany 84.7 (1997): 973–980.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 [IFAS Extension] Accessed: December 2, 2015
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Michael B. Brooks, R.K. Godfrey, R. Kral, Sidney McDaniel, Jean W. Wooten. States and Counties: Florida: Dixie, Highlands, Palm Beach, St. Johns. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
- ↑ [Natives for your neighborhood] Accessed: December 2, 2015.
- ↑ [Florida Native Plant Society]Accessed December 2, 2015
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Lindon, H. L. and E. Menges (2008). "Scientific note: effects of smoke on seed germination of twenty species of fire-prone habitats in Florida." Castanea 73: 106-110.
- ↑ Deyrup, M.A. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
