Angelica dentata
| Angelica dentata | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo taken by Kevin Robertson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Apiales |
| Family: | Apiaceae ⁄ Umbelliferae |
| Genus: | Angelica |
| Species: | A. dentata |
| Binomial name | |
| Angelica dentata (Chapm.) J.M. Coult. & Rose | |
| |
| Natural range of Angelica dentata from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common names: Coastal Plain angelica; Sandhill angelica
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: none.[1]
Varieties: none.[1]
Description
Perennial herb with erect, hairless stems 20 - 40 inches (50 - 100 cm) tall. Leaves with long leaf stalks, each leaf divided into several, leathery, lance-shaped, coarsely toothed leaflets. Flower clusters flat-topped, composed of 5 - 12 smaller clusters of tiny, white flowers; flower stalks hairless. Flowers with 5 white, spreading petals. Fruit about ¼ inch (5 - 6 mm) long, hairless, oval, flattened, ribbed, and winged.[2] Flowers are arranged in umbels and are compound and bisexual.[3]
Distribution
It is found in southwest and south-central Georgia and in the eastern part of the panhandle of Florida.[1] However, one study found the presence of A. dentata in south Alabama.[4]
Ecology
Habitat
A. dentata is restricted to native groundcover and is commonly associated with upland pinelands of South Georgia.[5] Habitats include sandhills, longleaf pine-wiregrass savannas, longleaf-scrub oaks, boggy areas, and pine flatwoods. It occurs in disturbed areas such as roadsides and logged fields. Thrives in areas that are open or semi-shaded. Soils include dry sand, gravelly soil, loamy sand and dry and moist loamy soil.[6][1]
Associated species: Croton sp., Pinus palustris, Quercus laevis, Q. margaretta, Rhynchosia sp., Symphyotrichum dumosum, Carphephorus odoratissiumus, C. paniculatus, Chrysopsis sp., and Symphiotrichum dumosum.[6]
Angelica dentata is an indicator species for the Panhandle Silty Longleaf Woodlands community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).[7]
Phenology
Angelica dentata has been observed to flower June through January.[6][8]
Seed dispersal
Seeds are dispersed by gravity and small animals.[2]
Fire ecology
It can be found in frequently burned areas such as longleaf pine savannas.[6]
Pollination
Pollinated by wasps, flies, beetles and bees.[2] In Franklin County, FL, wasp pollinators include those from Vespidae.[9]
Conservation and management
Threats include conversion of habitat to pine plantations, agriculture, pastures, development and fire suppression.[2]
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
Angelica dentata Photo by Kevin Robertson
Leaves of Angelica dentata Photo by Michelle Smith
Grady County, GA
.JPG)
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "weakley" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 [[1]]Georgia Wildlife. Accessed: March 29, 2016 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "georgia" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ [[2]]Accessed: March 29, 2016
- ↑ Carter, R. E., et al. (2004). "Species composition of fire disturbed ecological land units in the Southern Loam Hills of south Alabama." Southeastern Naturalist 3: 297-308.
- ↑ Ostertag, T.E., and K.M. Robertson. 2007. A comparison of native versus old-field vegetation in upland pinelands managed with frequent fire, South Georgia, USA. Pages 109–120 in R.E. Masters and K.E.M. Galley (eds.). Proceedings of the 23rd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference: Fire in Grassland and Shrubland Ecosystems.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: L. C. Anderson, W. Baker, B. Boothe, M. Boothe, A. F. Clewell, V. Craig, M. A. Garland, R. K. Godfrey, R. Kral, E. Keppner, L. Keppner, R. Komarek, T. MacClendon, K. MacClendon, R. A. Pursell, H. Roth, and R. White. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Franklin, Gadsden, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, and Wakulla. Georgia: Decatur, Grady, and Thomas.
- ↑ Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 7 DEC 2016
- ↑ Observation by Floyd Griffith in Franklin County, FL, November 14, 2015, posted to Florida Flora and Ecosystematics Facebook group November 16, 2015.
