Difference between revisions of "Andropogon longiberbis"

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{{taxobox
 
{{taxobox
 
| name = Andropogon longiberbis
 
| name = Andropogon longiberbis
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| image = Insert.jpg
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| image = Andr_long.jpg
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| image_caption =  
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| image_caption = Photo by Keith Bradley, [http://www.florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/Photo.aspx?id=16382  Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants]
 
| regnum = Plantae
 
| regnum = Plantae
 
| divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
 
| divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
 
| classis = Liliopsida – Monocotyledons
 
| classis = Liliopsida – Monocotyledons
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| ordo = Cyperales
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| ordo = Poales
 
| familia = Poaceae ⁄ Gramineae  
 
| familia = Poaceae ⁄ Gramineae  
 
| genus = ''Andropogon''
 
| genus = ''Andropogon''
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| range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Andropogon longiberbis'' from USDA NRCS [http://www.plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ANLO2 Plants Database].
 
| range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Andropogon longiberbis'' from USDA NRCS [http://www.plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ANLO2 Plants Database].
 
}}
 
}}
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Common names: Longbeard Bluestem
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Common name: Longbeard bluestem
 
==Taxonomic notes==
 
==Taxonomic notes==
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Synonyms: None.<ref name=weakley>Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref>
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Varieties: None.<ref name=weakley/>
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==Description==  
 
==Description==  
 
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->
 
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->
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Perennials, Terrestrial, n ot aquatic, Rhizomes present, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems erect or ascending, Stems geniculate, decumbent, or lax, sometimes rooting at nodes, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stem internodes solid or spongy, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems with inflorescence 1-2 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly basal, below middle of stem, Leaves mostly cauline, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath hairy, hispid or prickly, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blade margins folded, involute, or conduplicate, Leaf blades more or less hairy, Ligule present, Ligule an unfringed eciliate membrane, Ligule a fringed, ciliate, or lobed membrane, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence solitary , with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence a panicle with narrowly racemose or spicate branches, Inflorescence with 2-10 branches, Inflorescence branches paired or digitate at a single node, Inflorescence branches paired racemes, V-shaped, Flowers bisexual, Flowers unisexual, Spikelets pedicellate, Spikelets sessile or subsessile, Spikelets laterally compressed, Inflorescence or spikelets partially hidden in leaf sheaths, subtended by spatheole, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 2 florets, Spikelets paired at rachis nodes, Spikelets in paired units, 1 sessile, 1 pedicellate, Pedicellate spikelet rudimentary or absent, usually sterile, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets unisexual, Inflorescence disarticulating between nodes or joints of rachis, rachis fragmenting, Spikelets disarticulating below the glumes, Spikelets falling with parts of disarticulating rachis or pedicel, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes equal or subequal, Glumes equal to or longer than adjacent lemma, Glumes keeled or winged, Glume surface hairy, villous or pilose, Lemmas thin, chartaceous, hyaline, cartilaginous, or membranous, Lemma 1 nerved, Lemma 3 nerved, Lemma glabrous, Lemma apex dentate, 2-fid, Lemma distinctly awned, more than 2-3 mm, Lemma with 1 awn, Lemma awn 1-2 cm long, Lemma awn 2-4 cm long or longer, Lemma awn from sinus of bifid apex, Lemma awns straight or curved to base, Lemma margins thin, lying flat, Lemma straight, Callus or base of lemma evidently hairy, Callus hairs shorter than lemma, Stamens 1, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis<ref name="eol">[[http://eol.org/pages/1114205/details]]Encyclopedia of Life. Accessed: March 29, 2016</ref>.
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''Andropogon longiberbis'' is a perennial bunch grass whose erect stems grow between 50 - 150 cm tall and are smooth, round, and taper to the ends. The leaf blades exist mostly around the base of the plant stems and are flat and linear, 2 - 10 mm wide and 11 - 50 cm long with pubescence. The terminal inflorescence exist in V-shaped rames of 7 - 97 (usually about 45) per stem. The plant has rhizomes.<ref name="eol">[[http://eol.org/pages/1114205/details]]Encyclopedia of Life. Accessed: March 29, 2016</ref><ref name="Campbell"> Campbell, C.S. 2021 Flora of North America. Andropogon longiberbis Hack. [[http://floranorthamerica.org/Andropogon_longiberbis]].</ref>
  
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
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It is found from North Carolina south to southern and western Florida<ref name="weakley"/>. In Lake County, Florida, hybridization of ''A. longiberbis'' and ''A. glomeratus var. pumilus'' has been observed<ref name="campbell">Campbell, C. S. (1982). "Hybridization Between Andropogon glomeratus Var. pumilus and A. longiberbis (Gramineae) in Central Florida." Brittonia 34(2): 146-150.</ref>.
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It is found from North Carolina south to southern and western Florida<ref name=weakley/> with disjunct populations in the Bahamas.<ref>Sorrie, B. A. and A. S. Weakley 2001. Coastal Plain valcular plant endemics: Phytogeographic patterns. Castanea 66: 50-82.</ref>
  
 
==Ecology==
 
==Ecology==
 
===Habitat===<!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
 
===Habitat===<!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
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Habitats of ''A. longiberbis'' include dry, well-drained, sandy soils of longleaf pine-turkey oak sandhills, limerock in pine flatwoods, dunes, wiregrass-palmetto flatwoods, sandy upland old fields, and sand pine-evergreen oak scrubs<ref name="fsu">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: W. P. Adams, L. C. Anderson, Wm. G. Atwater, R. Blaisdell, C. Campbell, A. F. Clewell, D. S. Correll, F. C. Creager, D. B. Creager, R. K. Godfrey, R. Kral, O. Lakela, W. Lindsey, R. E. Perdue Jr., C. R. Slaughter, and W. R. Stimson. States and Counties: Florida: Alachua, Brevard, Charlotte, Clay, Columbia, Dade, Duval, Franklin, Gilchrist, Hillsborough, Lafayette, Lee, Leon, Levy, Madison, Manatee, Marion, Nassau, Orange, Putnam, St. Johns, Suwannee, Taylor, and Wakulla.</ref><ref name="weakley">Weakley, Alan S. Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States: Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU). PDF. 355.</ref>. It grows well in areas of sunlight and semi opened areas and can be found in disturbed habitats such as sandy vacant lots, roadsides, ditches, railroad banks, pine plantations, and waste grounds.
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Habitats of ''A. longiberbis'' include dry, well-drained, sandy soils of longleaf pine-turkey oak sandhills, limerock in pine flatwoods, dunes, wiregrass-palmetto flatwoods, sandy upland old fields, and sand pine-evergreen oak scrubs.<ref name="fsu">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: W. P. Adams, L. C. Anderson, Wm. G. Atwater, R. Blaisdell, C. Campbell, A. F. Clewell, D. S. Correll, F. C. Creager, D. B. Creager, R. K. Godfrey, R. Kral, O. Lakela, W. Lindsey, R. E. Perdue Jr., C. R. Slaughter, and W. R. Stimson. States and Counties: Florida: Alachua, Brevard, Charlotte, Clay, Columbia, Dade, Duval, Franklin, Gilchrist, Hillsborough, Lafayette, Lee, Leon, Levy, Madison, Manatee, Marion, Nassau, Orange, Putnam, St. Johns, Suwannee, Taylor, and Wakulla.</ref><ref name=weakley/> It grows well in areas of sunlight and semi opened areas and can be found in disturbed habitats such as sandy vacant lots, roadsides, ditches, railroad banks, pine plantations, and waste grounds.
  
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Associated species include ''Pinus, Quercus'', wiregrass, palmetto, turkey oak, ''Phoebanthus, Psoralia, Schrankia, Smilax auriculata, Helianthemum'' sp., ''Cenchrus spinifex, Panicum'' spp. ''Heterotheca subaxillaris, Monarda punctata, Quercus hemispherica'', and others<ref name="fsu"/>.
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Associated species include ''Pinus, Quercus'', wiregrass, palmetto, turkey oak, ''Phoebanthus, Psoralia, Schrankia, [[Smilax auriculata]], Helianthemum'' sp., ''Cenchrus spinifex, Panicum'' spp. ''[[Heterotheca subaxillaris]], [[Monarda punctata]], Quercus hemispherica'', and others.<ref name="fsu"/>
  
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===Phenology===<!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->  
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===Phenology===<!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->  
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It has been seen flowering between April and October and fruiting between August to November<ref name="fsu"/>.
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It has been seen flowering in April through October<ref>Nelson, G.  [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/  Accessed: 19 MAY 2021</ref> and fruiting between August to November.<ref name="fsu"/>
  
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In Lake County, Florida, hybridization of ''A. longiberbis'' and ''A. glomeratus var. pumilus'' has been observed.<ref name="campbell">Campbell, C. S. (1982). "Hybridization Between Andropogon glomeratus Var. pumilus and A. longiberbis (Gramineae) in Central Florida." Brittonia 34(2): 146-150.</ref>
 
<!--===Seed dispersal===-->
 
<!--===Seed dispersal===-->
 
<!--===Seed bank and germination===-->
 
<!--===Seed bank and germination===-->
 
<!--===Fire ecology=== --><!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses-->
 
<!--===Fire ecology=== --><!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses-->
 
<!--===Pollination===-->  
 
<!--===Pollination===-->  
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<!--===Use by animals===--><!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.-->
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<!--===Herbivory and toxicology===-->
 
<!--===Diseases and parasites===-->
 
<!--===Diseases and parasites===-->
  
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==Conservation and Management==
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==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration==
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==Cultivation and restoration==
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==Cultural use==
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
<gallery widths=180px>
 
<gallery widths=180px>
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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==References and notes==
 
==References and notes==

Latest revision as of 08:29, 19 May 2023

Andropogon longiberbis
Andr long.jpg
Photo by Keith Bradley, Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class: Liliopsida – Monocotyledons
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae ⁄ Gramineae
Genus: Andropogon
Species: A. longiberbis
Binomial name
Andropogon longiberbis
Hack.
ANDR LONG dist.jpg
Natural range of Andropogon longiberbis from USDA NRCS Plants Database.

Common name: Longbeard bluestem

Taxonomic notes

Synonyms: None.[1]

Varieties: None.[1]

Description

Andropogon longiberbis is a perennial bunch grass whose erect stems grow between 50 - 150 cm tall and are smooth, round, and taper to the ends. The leaf blades exist mostly around the base of the plant stems and are flat and linear, 2 - 10 mm wide and 11 - 50 cm long with pubescence. The terminal inflorescence exist in V-shaped rames of 7 - 97 (usually about 45) per stem. The plant has rhizomes.[2][3]

Distribution

It is found from North Carolina south to southern and western Florida[1] with disjunct populations in the Bahamas.[4]

Ecology

Habitat

Habitats of A. longiberbis include dry, well-drained, sandy soils of longleaf pine-turkey oak sandhills, limerock in pine flatwoods, dunes, wiregrass-palmetto flatwoods, sandy upland old fields, and sand pine-evergreen oak scrubs.[5][1] It grows well in areas of sunlight and semi opened areas and can be found in disturbed habitats such as sandy vacant lots, roadsides, ditches, railroad banks, pine plantations, and waste grounds.

Associated species include Pinus, Quercus, wiregrass, palmetto, turkey oak, Phoebanthus, Psoralia, Schrankia, Smilax auriculata, Helianthemum sp., Cenchrus spinifex, Panicum spp. Heterotheca subaxillaris, Monarda punctata, Quercus hemispherica, and others.[5]

Phenology

It has been seen flowering in April through October[6] and fruiting between August to November.[5]

In Lake County, Florida, hybridization of A. longiberbis and A. glomeratus var. pumilus has been observed.[7]

Conservation, cultivation, and restoration

Cultural use

Photo Gallery

References and notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
  2. ↑ [[1]]Encyclopedia of Life. Accessed: March 29, 2016
  3. ↑ Campbell, C.S. 2021 Flora of North America. Andropogon longiberbis Hack. [[2]].
  4. ↑ Sorrie, B. A. and A. S. Weakley 2001. Coastal Plain valcular plant endemics: Phytogeographic patterns. Castanea 66: 50-82.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: W. P. Adams, L. C. Anderson, Wm. G. Atwater, R. Blaisdell, C. Campbell, A. F. Clewell, D. S. Correll, F. C. Creager, D. B. Creager, R. K. Godfrey, R. Kral, O. Lakela, W. Lindsey, R. E. Perdue Jr., C. R. Slaughter, and W. R. Stimson. States and Counties: Florida: Alachua, Brevard, Charlotte, Clay, Columbia, Dade, Duval, Franklin, Gilchrist, Hillsborough, Lafayette, Lee, Leon, Levy, Madison, Manatee, Marion, Nassau, Orange, Putnam, St. Johns, Suwannee, Taylor, and Wakulla.
  6. ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 19 MAY 2021
  7. ↑ Campbell, C. S. (1982). "Hybridization Between Andropogon glomeratus Var. pumilus and A. longiberbis (Gramineae) in Central Florida." Brittonia 34(2): 146-150.
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