Andropogon gerardii
Common names: Big Bluestem; Turkeyfoot
| Andropogon gerardii | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by the Atlas of Florida Plants Database | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Tracheobionta |
| Class: | Liliopsida - Moncots |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Genus: | Andropogon |
| Species: | A. gerardii |
| Binomial name | |
| Andropogon gerardii Vitman | |
| |
| Natural range of Andropogon gerardii from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonyms: Andropogon gerardi Vitman; Andropogon provincialis Lamark; Andropogon furcatus Muhlenberd ex Willdenow
Varieties: none
Description
Also known as big bluestem or turkeyfoot, A. gerardii is a native perennial graminoid that is a member of the Poaceae family. It is tufted, and contains short, scaly rhizomes. It is known for being a tall graminoid, ranging from 6 to 8 feet tall, and is very leafy at the basal region with some leaves that are carried up on the stem. As well, big bluestem contains rhizomes that are usually 1 to 2 inches below the soil surface for clonal reproduction [1]. The seedhead is commonly branched in three parts which resembles a turkey's foot, and has a maroonish-tan color in the fall.[2]
Distribution
A. gerardii is distributed across the United States and Canada, but not past New Mexico or Montana [1]. In Florida, A. gerardii is considered an indicator species with a restricted distribution to the western Panhandle.[3]
Ecology
Habitat
Big bluestem can be found in prairies, open woods, along riverbanks, meadows, and even roadsides. It is particularly abundant in lowland prairies and sandy areas [1]. It develops best in mesic communities. [4] It is usually the dominant species within the ground community. [5] The soils within these habitats can range from sandy or loamy to clay or mesic bogs. [6] While it is most abundant in the central plains of the continental United States, it is also a component of prairies on the east coast.[2]
Associated species - Panicum virgatum, Schizachyrium scoparium, and Sorghastrum nutans [7]
Phenology
A. gerardii has been observed to flower from August to October with peak inflorescence in September [8].
Seed bank and germination
Seeds will usually germinate within 4 weeks when regularly irrigated [1].
Fire ecology
The rhizomes of A. gerardii are known to resprout after a fire disturbance, and regeneration following fires is much quicker in the springtime than the summertime since the rhizomes contain winter-stores with carbohydrates [1]. As well, flowering of A. gerardii has been seen to significantly increase in late-summer fires rather than early-spring fires. [4] Overall, A. gerardii abundance increases with time since the last fire.[9]
Use by animals
A. gerardii is utilized by birds and mammals for nesting and escape cover during the summer and winter, and contributes to the spring nesting habitats since it resists lodging under snow cover [1]. It provides shelter for at least 24 songbird species as well as nesting sites for Henslow's Sparrow, Grasshopper Sparrow and other sparrows, Sedge Wrens, and Western Meadowlarks. It also provides nesting structure and materials for native bees as well as being a larval host for the Delaware Skipper and Dusted Skipper.[2] It is also one of the most important forage species for animals, including White-tailed deer, in the tallgrass prairie regions. [10][11]
Conservation and Management
For management, A. gerardii has a considerably weak seedling compared to its competition, so control of its competition is necessary, such as high mowing for weed control or even grazing of competing cool season grasses before the big bluestem is 1 inch tall in the spring [1].
Cultivation and restoration
There are several cultivars available of A. gerardii, including 'Bison' (ND), 'Bonilla' (SD), 'Champ' (NE, IA), 'Kaw' (KS), 'Earl' (TX), 'Niagara' (NY), 'Pawnee' (NE), and 'Rountree' (IA) [1].
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 USDA Plants Database URL: https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ANGE
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Plant database: Andropogon gerardii. (5 March 2019) Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. URL:https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=ANGE
- ↑ Carr, S. C., et al. (2010). "A Vegetation Classification of Fire-Dependent Pinelands of Florida." Castanea 75(2): 153-189.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Copeland, T. E., et al. (2002). "Fire season and dominance in an Illinois tallgrass prairie restoration." Restoration Ecology 10(2): 315-323.
- ↑ Howe, H. F. (1995). "Succession and Fire Season In Experimental Prairie Plantings." Ecology 76(6): 1917-1925.
- ↑ Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Robert A. Norris, John B. Nelson, Robert K. Godfrey, R. Kral, A. F. Clewell, Gary R. Knight, Loran C. Anderson, Jean W. Wooten, S. Mitchell, Ann F. Johnson, Wilson Baker, R. Komarek, J. M. Kane, Annie Schmidt, Floyd Griffith, Cecil R. Slaughter, R. C. Kennedy, and B. Tadych. States and counties: Florida: Gulf, Liberty, Wakulla, Jefferson, Leon, Jackson, Franklin, Gadsden, Calhoun, Santa Rosa, Washington, and Nassau. Georgia: Thomas, and Grady. Missouri: Callaway.
- ↑ Abrams, M. (1988). "Effects of Burning Regime on Buried Seed Banks and Canopy Coverage in a Kansas Tallgrass Prairie." The Southwestern Naturalists 33(1): 65-70.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 1 JUN 2018
- ↑ Burton, J. A. (2009). Fire frequency effects on vegetation of an upland old growth forest in eastern Oklahoma. Environmental Science. Stillwater, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State University. Bachelor: 78.
- ↑ Gould, F. W. (1967). "The Grass Genus Andropogon in the United States." Brittonia 19(1): 70-76.
- ↑ Gee, K. L., et al. (1994). White-tailed deer: their foods and management in the cross timbers. Ardmore, OK, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation.
