Hypericum fasciculatum

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Hypericum fasciculatum
Hype fasc.jpg
Photo by Wayne Matchett, SpaceCoastWildflowers.com
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class: Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons
Order: Theales
Family: Clusiaceae ⁄ Guttiferae
Genus: Hypericum
Species: H. fasciculatum
Binomial name
Hypericum fasciculatum
Lam.
Hype fasc dist.jpg
Natural range of Hypericum fasciculatum from USDA NRCS Plants Database.

Common name: Peelbark St. Johnswort

Taxonomic notes

Synonyms: none.[1]

Varieties: none.[1]

Description

H. fasciculatum is a short lived perennial that has a single stem with reddish bark and forms thin adventitious roots. It can be distinguished from similar species, such as H. brachyphyllum by having flat leaves with no apparent fold.[2]

“Usually glabrous herbs or shrubs. Leaves usually punctate, simple, opposite, entire, usually sessile or subsessile, exstipulate. Inflorescence basically cymose; flowers perfect, regular, bracteates, subsessile or short-pedicellate, sepals 2, 4, or 5, persistent; petals 4 or 5, usually marcescent, yellow or pink; stamens 5-numerous, separate or connate basally forming 3-5 clusters or fascicles, filaments usually persistent; carpels 2-5, stigmas and styles separate or fused, ovary superior, 1-locular or partly or wholly 2-5 locular, placentation axile or parietal. Capsules basically ovoid, longitudinally dehiscent, styles usually persistent; seeds numerous, lustrous, areolate, cylindric or oblong. In general our species form a polymorphic complex with many intergrading taxa.” [3]

"Erect shrub, 8-15 dm tall, much-branched above, spongy-thickened below. Leaves linear-subulate or linear, with 2 longitudinal grooves below, largest usually 13-26 mm long, 0.7-2 mm wide, acute, base notched, sessile. Flowers terminal and axillary, solitary or in cymules. Sepals 5, similar to the leaves, 3-7 mm long, usually more than 4.5 mm long; petals 5, 6-9 mm long; styles united or 3, usually separate in fruit, ovary 3-locular. Capsules ovoid, ca. 4.5 mm long and 2mm broad; mature seeds not seen." [3]

Distribution

This plant's range extends from eastern North Carolina to southern Florida, and west to southern Mississippi.[1]

Ecology

Habitat

In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, H. fasciculatum can occur in Nyssa/Ilex communities, dry pond margins, ditches in pine flatwoods, beaver ponds, titi bogs, rotted stumps, upland depression ponds, and dry bottoms of cypress ponds. [4] It responds to an annual, seasonal, or short-term change in water level by rapid colonization of favorable habitats and development of adventitious roots. [5] Associated species include Ilex myrtifolia, Eriocaulon lineare, Xyris, Rhynchospora corniculata, and Lycopodiella. It grows in moist loamy sand. [4]

Hypericum fasciculatum is an indicator species for the Peninsula Savannas community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).[6]

Phenology

H. fasciculatum has been observed flowering in February, April to July, October, and November with peak inflorescence in May.[4][7] It has been observed fruiting October through December.[4]

Pollination and use by animals

The following Hymenoptera species were observed visiting flowers of Hypericum fasciculatum at the Archbold Biological Station: [8]

Bees from the family Apidae: Apis mellifera, Bombus impatiens

Plasterer bees from the family Colletidae: Colletes nudus

Leafcutting bees from the family Megachilidae: Coelioxys sayi

Conservation, cultivation, and restoration

Cultural use

It contains volatile extracts primarily of composed of decyl acetate and gamma-muurolene, and has been used as cathartic agent in traditional Seminole Indian medicine. [9]

Photo Gallery

References and notes

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
  2. [[1]] Accessed: January 5, 2016
  3. 3.0 3.1 Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 709-713. Print.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Sara L. Crockett, R.K. Godfrey, Howard Horne, Virginia Jin, R. Komarek, K. MacClendon, T. MacClendon, Sidney McDaniel, R.A. Norris, Cecil R. Slaughter. States and Counties: Florida: Calhoun, Liberty, Osceola, Wakulla, Walton. Georgia: Clinch, Thomas. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
  5. Carr, D. W., D. A. Leeper, et al. (2006). "Comparison of six biologic indicators of hydrology and the landward extent of hydric soils in west-central Florida, USA cypress domes." Wetlands 26(4): 1012-1019.
  6. Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.
  7. Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 12 DEC 2016
  8. Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
  9. Crockett, S. L., B. Demirçi, et al. (2008). "Volatile Constituents of Hypericum L. Section Myriandra (Clusiaceae): Species of the H. fasciculatum Lam. Alliance." Journal of Essential Oil Research 20(3): 244-249.