Difference between revisions of "Eupatorium album"
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===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | Generally, ''E. album'' flowers from late June until September.<ref name= "Weakley"/> It has been observed flowering from July to November.<ref name=fsu/> Kevin Robertson has observed this species flower within three months of burning. [[KMR]] | + | Generally, ''E. album'' flowers from late June until September.<ref name= "Weakley"/> It has been observed flowering from July to November with peak inflorescence in July.<ref name=fsu/><ref>Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 10 MAY 2019</ref> Kevin Robertson has observed this species flower within three months of burning. [[KMR]] |
===Seed dispersal=== | ===Seed dispersal=== | ||
Revision as of 12:38, 10 May 2019
| Eupatorium album | |
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| Photo was taken by Gil Nelson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae |
| Genus: | Eupatorium |
| Species: | E. album |
| Binomial name | |
| Eupatorium album L. | |
| |
| Natural range of Eupatorium album from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: white thoroughwort; white-bracted thoroughwort
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: Eupatorium album Linnaeus var. album; E. album var. glandulosum (Michaux) A.P. de Candolle
Description
A description of Eupatorium album is provided in The Flora of North America. Although the fruit is usually referred to as an achene, it is technically a cypsela.[1]
Distribution
Eupatorium album can be found from Connecticut, New York, Ohio, and Tennessee south to Florida and Louisiana.[2]
Ecology
Habitat
This species can generally be found in various dry woodlands.[2] It is found in sandhills, Longleaf pine-wiregrass savannas, evergreen scrub oak sand ridges, pine flatwoods, old fields, flatwoods, hammocks, seepage slopes, pine-palmetto flatwoods, in woods adjacent to sinkholes, and in well-drained Longleaf pinelands. It is also found in human disturbed areas such as roadsides, areas that have been clear cut, clobbered, bulldozed, and in powerline corridors. It requires open to semi-shaded areas. It is associated with areas that have drying-loamy sand, wet-sandy loam, dry sand, gray-sand loam, dry-sparsely loamy sand soil types.[3] It does well in open canopy areas on longleaf pine habitats and does okay in areas that have been clear cut. [4] It is found in longleaf pine sandhill communities. [5]
Associated species include Eupatorium recurvans, E. mikanioides, E. rotundifolium, E. anomalum, E. compositifolium, E. aromaticum, Chamaecrista fasciculata, Sassafras albidum, Pteridium aquilinum, Quercus incana, Q laevis, Aristida beyrichiana, Serenoa repens, Ilex glabra, Rhynchospora, Xyris, Magnolia virginiana, E. rotundifolium, Solidago odora, Liatris gracilis, L. tenuifolia, L. elegans,Sericocarpus tortifolius, Rubus cuneufolius, Andropogon ternarius, Carphephorus corymbosus.[3]
Phenology
Generally, E. album flowers from late June until September.[2] It has been observed flowering from July to November with peak inflorescence in July.[3][6] Kevin Robertson has observed this species flower within three months of burning. KMR
Seed dispersal
This species is thought to be dispersed by wind. [7]
Fire ecology
It flowers within three months of burning in the early spring to early summer. KMR
Conservation and management
E. album is listed as endangered by the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection and by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Nature Preserves. It is also listed as threatened by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Natural Areas and Preserves, and listed as extirpated by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources.[8]
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ [[1]] Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: May 10, 2019
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, R.K. Godfrey, Robert L. Lazor, John Lazor, J. P. Gillespie, R. Kral, Victoria I. Sullivan, Brenda Herring, Don Herring, Delzie Demaree, Nancy E. Jordan, R. F. Doren, R. E. Perdue, S. C. Hood, Paul L. Redfearn, Jr., R. A. Norris, and R. Komarek. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Citrus, Clay, Columbia, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Jackson, Jefferson, Lafayette, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Marion, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Taylor, Wakulla, and Washington. Georgia: Thomas.
- ↑ Brockway, D. G. and C. E. Lewis (2003). "Influence of deer, cattle grazing and timber harvest on plant species diversity in a longleaf pine bluestem ecosystem." Forest Ecology and Management 175: 49-69.
- ↑ Heuberger, K. A. and F. E. Putz (2003). "Fire in the suburbs: ecological impacts of prescribed fire in small remnants of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) sandhill." Restoration Ecology 11: 72-81.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 10 MAY 2019
- ↑ Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.
- ↑ USDA, NRCS. (2016). The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 10 May 2019). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.
