Difference between revisions of "Chrysopsis mariana"
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==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat===<!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat===<!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | It can live in humid and mild climates with plenty of rainfall throughout the year. It can tolerate temperatures ranging from 3 to 33 degrees Celsius. It is found in abundance in longleaf pine communities and also has grown in sand ridges and live oak floodplain forests.<ref name="Kush"/><ref name="fsu"/> ''Chrysopsis mariana'' is restricted to native groundcover with a statistical affinity in upland pinelands of South Georgia.<ref name="ostertag">Ostertag, T.E., and K.M. Robertson. 2007. A comparison of native versus old-field vegetation in upland pinelands managed with frequent fire, South Georgia, USA. Pages 109–120 in R.E. Masters and K.E.M. Galley (eds.). Proceedings of the 23rd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference: Fire in Grassland and Shrubland Ecosystems.</ref> It has been observed to grow in open and shaded environments in moist loamy sands. | + | It can live in humid and mild climates with plenty of rainfall throughout the year. It can tolerate temperatures ranging from 3 to 33 degrees Celsius. It is found in abundance in longleaf pine communities and also has grown in sand ridges and live oak floodplain forests.<ref name="Kush"/><ref name="fsu"/> ''Chrysopsis mariana'' is restricted to native groundcover with a statistical affinity in upland pinelands of South Georgia.<ref name="ostertag">Ostertag, T.E., and K.M. Robertson. 2007. A comparison of native versus old-field vegetation in upland pinelands managed with frequent fire, South Georgia, USA. Pages 109–120 in R.E. Masters and K.E.M. Galley (eds.). Proceedings of the 23rd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference: Fire in Grassland and Shrubland Ecosystems.</ref> It has been observed to grow in open and shaded environments in moist loamy sands. It's been found in disturbed areas such as sandy clearings within pine-hardwood forests, clear cut pine plantations, and along dirt roads.<ref name="fsu"/> It is listed as an obligate upland species, and almost never occurs in wetlands.<ref name= "USDA"/> |
Associated species include longleaf pine, turkey oak, and live oak.<ref name="fsu"/> | Associated species include longleaf pine, turkey oak, and live oak.<ref name="fsu"/> | ||
Revision as of 13:59, 5 April 2019
| Chrysopsis mariana | |
|---|---|
| |
| photo by Gil Nelson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae |
| Genus: | Chrysopsis |
| Species: | C. mariana |
| Binomial name | |
| Chrysopsis mariana (L.) Elliott | |
| |
| Natural range of Chrysopsis mariana from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: Maryland Golden-aster
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: Heterotheca mariana (Linnaeus) Shinners; Chrysopsis mariana (Linnaeus) Elliott var. mariana; C. mariana (Linnaeus) Elliott var. macradenia Fernald
Varieties: none
Description
A description of Chrysopsis mariana is provided in The Flora of North America.
Distribution
C. mariana is native to the eastern and southeastern United States, ranging from New York and Ohio south to Florida and as far west as Louisiana and Texas.[1] Populations of differing ploidy are distributed in different areas; diploids can be found in the Florida panhandle and central peninsula, tetraploids can be found in northeast Florida and the north peninsula, hexaploids can be found over the rest of the native distribution besides Florida except for the north central panhandle, and octoploids can be found along the northeast coastline of Florida either near or on Merritts Island.[2]
Ecology
Habitat
It can live in humid and mild climates with plenty of rainfall throughout the year. It can tolerate temperatures ranging from 3 to 33 degrees Celsius. It is found in abundance in longleaf pine communities and also has grown in sand ridges and live oak floodplain forests.[3][4] Chrysopsis mariana is restricted to native groundcover with a statistical affinity in upland pinelands of South Georgia.[5] It has been observed to grow in open and shaded environments in moist loamy sands. It's been found in disturbed areas such as sandy clearings within pine-hardwood forests, clear cut pine plantations, and along dirt roads.[4] It is listed as an obligate upland species, and almost never occurs in wetlands.[1]
Associated species include longleaf pine, turkey oak, and live oak.[4]
Phenology
C. mariana flowers in the fall.[6]It has also been observed in north Florida to flower January to March, May, July, October, and November.[7] It fruits in May and November.[4]
Seed dispersal
This species is thought to be dispersed by wind. [8]
Fire ecology
It is tolerant of fire.[3] C. mariana tends to appear in large numbers after a site is burned.[4]
Conservation and management
It is listed as endangered by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, and is listed as threatened by the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management.[1]
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
Chrysopsis mariana Photo by Kevin Robertson
Chrysopsis mariana root Photo by Kevin Robertson
Pebble Hill Plantation
2015
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 USDA, NRCS. (2016). The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 5 April 2019). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.
- ↑ Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kush, J. S., R. S. Meldahl, et al. (1999). "Understory plant community response after 23 years of hardwood control treatments in natural longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29: 1047-1054.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Wilson Baker, Bill Boothe, Kathleen Craddock Burks, R.K. Godfrey, Ann F. Johnson, R. Komarek, R L Lazor, John Morrill, R. A. Norris, Ginny Vail, and Jean W. Wooten. States and Counties: Florida: Calhoun, Franklin , Gulf , Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Taylor, Union, and Wakulla. Georgia: Thomas.
- ↑ Ostertag, T.E., and K.M. Robertson. 2007. A comparison of native versus old-field vegetation in upland pinelands managed with frequent fire, South Georgia, USA. Pages 109–120 in R.E. Masters and K.E.M. Galley (eds.). Proceedings of the 23rd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference: Fire in Grassland and Shrubland Ecosystems.
- ↑ Kirkman, L. K., K. L. Coffey, et al. (2004). "Ground cover recovery patterns and life-history traits: implications for restoration obstacles and opportunities in a species-rich savanna." Journal of Ecology 92(3): 409-421.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 7 DEC 2016
- ↑ Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.
