Difference between revisions of "Garberia heterophylla"
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''G. heterophylla'' is a perennial species that reaches a height of 4 to 8 feet. The obovate leaves are alternately on the vertical stem <ref name="edis">[[https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fp221]] Accessed: December 11, 2015</ref>. | ''G. heterophylla'' is a perennial species that reaches a height of 4 to 8 feet. The obovate leaves are alternately on the vertical stem <ref name="edis">[[https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fp221]] Accessed: December 11, 2015</ref>. | ||
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==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
It is native to Florida<ref name="edis"/>. | It is native to Florida<ref name="edis"/>. | ||
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==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
In the Coastal Plain in Florida, ''G. heterophylla'' occurs in sand pine-oak scrub ridges (FSU Herbarium). Associated species includes ''Quercus virginiana'' and ''Pinus clausa'' (FSU Herbarium). | In the Coastal Plain in Florida, ''G. heterophylla'' occurs in sand pine-oak scrub ridges (FSU Herbarium). Associated species includes ''Quercus virginiana'' and ''Pinus clausa'' (FSU Herbarium). | ||
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===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
Fruits November through December and flowers October through December (FSU Herbarium). | Fruits November through December and flowers October through December (FSU Herbarium). | ||
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===Seed dispersal=== | ===Seed dispersal=== | ||
Seeds are dispersed by wind (Carrington 1999). | Seeds are dispersed by wind (Carrington 1999). | ||
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===Seed bank and germination=== | ===Seed bank and germination=== | ||
Smoke does not stimulate germination (Lindon and Menges 2008). | Smoke does not stimulate germination (Lindon and Menges 2008). | ||
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===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
Carrington (1999) found ''G. heterophylla'' to be a strong resprouter post-fire, with a high percentage of individuals flowering. This study also found seedlings were established between 4 to 16 months post fire. This contradicts Weekley and Menges (2003), who found that survival was lower for burned individuals than for unburned individuals, suggesting ''G. heterophylla'' was a weak resprouter. | Carrington (1999) found ''G. heterophylla'' to be a strong resprouter post-fire, with a high percentage of individuals flowering. This study also found seedlings were established between 4 to 16 months post fire. This contradicts Weekley and Menges (2003), who found that survival was lower for burned individuals than for unburned individuals, suggesting ''G. heterophylla'' was a weak resprouter. | ||
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===Pollination=== | ===Pollination=== | ||
The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of ''Garberia heterophylla'' at Archbold Biological Station (Deyrup 2015): | The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of ''Garberia heterophylla'' at Archbold Biological Station (Deyrup 2015): | ||
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<!--===Use by animals===--> <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | <!--===Use by animals===--> <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | ||
<!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | + | ==Conservation and Management== | |
| − | + | ==Cultivation and restoration== | |
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
File: Garb_hete138.jpg | <center> Flowers of ''Garberia'' ''heterophylla'' <p> Photo by Wayne Matchett, [http://www.spacecoastwildflowers.com SpaceCoastWildflowers.com] </p> | File: Garb_hete138.jpg | <center> Flowers of ''Garberia'' ''heterophylla'' <p> Photo by Wayne Matchett, [http://www.spacecoastwildflowers.com SpaceCoastWildflowers.com] </p> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Carrington, M. E. (1999). "Post-fire seedling establishment in Florida sand pine scrub." Journal of Vegetation Science 10(3): 403-412. | Carrington, M. E. (1999). "Post-fire seedling establishment in Florida sand pine scrub." Journal of Vegetation Science 10(3): 403-412. | ||
Revision as of 09:18, 22 June 2016
| Garberia heterophylla | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Wayne Matchett, SpaceCoastWildflowers.com | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae |
| Genus: | Garberia |
| Species: | G. heterophylla |
| Binomial name | |
| Garberia heterophylla (W. Bartram) Merr. & F. Harper | |
| |
| Natural range of Garberia heterophylla from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: garberia
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonym: Garberia fruticosa (Nuttall) A. Gray
Description
A description of Garberia heterophylla is provided in The Flora of North America.
G. heterophylla is a perennial species that reaches a height of 4 to 8 feet. The obovate leaves are alternately on the vertical stem [1].
Distribution
It is native to Florida[1].
Ecology
Habitat
In the Coastal Plain in Florida, G. heterophylla occurs in sand pine-oak scrub ridges (FSU Herbarium). Associated species includes Quercus virginiana and Pinus clausa (FSU Herbarium).
Phenology
Fruits November through December and flowers October through December (FSU Herbarium).
Seed dispersal
Seeds are dispersed by wind (Carrington 1999).
Seed bank and germination
Smoke does not stimulate germination (Lindon and Menges 2008).
Fire ecology
Carrington (1999) found G. heterophylla to be a strong resprouter post-fire, with a high percentage of individuals flowering. This study also found seedlings were established between 4 to 16 months post fire. This contradicts Weekley and Menges (2003), who found that survival was lower for burned individuals than for unburned individuals, suggesting G. heterophylla was a weak resprouter.
Pollination
The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of Garberia heterophylla at Archbold Biological Station (Deyrup 2015):
Apidae: Bombus impatiens, Epeolus carolinus
Colletidae: Colletes mandibularis
Halictidae: Agapostemon splendens, Augochlora pura, Augochlorella aurata, Augochloropsis metallica, Lasioglossum miniatulus, L. nymphalis, L. placidensis, Sphecodes heraclei
Megachilidae: Anthidiellum notatum rufomaculatum, Coelioxys sayi, Megachile albitarsis, M. mendica, M. pruina, M. xylocopoides
Sphecidae: Cerceris flavofasciata floridensis, Eremnophila aureonotata
Vespidae: Monobia quadridens, Pachodynerus erynnis, Stenodynerus fundatiformis, Zethus slossonae, Zethus spinipes
Conservation and Management
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
Flowers of Garberia heterophylla Photo by Wayne Matchett, SpaceCoastWildflowers.com
References and notes
Carrington, M. E. (1999). "Post-fire seedling establishment in Florida sand pine scrub." Journal of Vegetation Science 10(3): 403-412.
Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, D. Burch, Colette Burger, William B. Fox, Angus Gholson, R.K. Godfrey, Chuck Hess, Richard D. Houk, O. Lakela, S.W. Leonard, K.M. Meyer, Elmer C. Prichard, A.G. Shuey, Victoria I. Sullivan, Robert F. Thorne, A. Townesmith,D.B. Ward, Erdman West. States and Counties: Florida: Lake, Manatee, Marion, Highlands, Hillsborough, Pinellas, Putnam, Volusia. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
Lindon, H. L. and E. Menges (2008). "Scientific note: effects of smoke on seed germination of twenty species of fire-prone habitats in Florida." Castanea 73: 106-110.
Weekley, Carl W., and Eric S. Menges. “Species and Vegetation Responses to Prescribed Fire in a Long-unburned, Endemic-rich Lake Wales Ridge Scrub”. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 130.4 (2003): 265–282.
