Difference between revisions of "Eupatorium album"
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==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | It is found in sandhills, Longleaf pine-wiregrass savannas, evergreen scrub oak sand ridges, pine flatwoods, old fields, flatwoods, hammocks, seepage slopes, pine-palmetto flatwoods, in woods adjacent to sinkholes, and in well-drained Longleaf pinelands | + | It is found in sandhills, Longleaf pine-wiregrass savannas, evergreen scrub oak sand ridges, pine flatwoods, old fields, flatwoods, hammocks, seepage slopes, pine-palmetto flatwoods, in woods adjacent to sinkholes, and in well-drained Longleaf pinelands. <ref name=fsu/> It is also found in human disturbed areas such as roadsides, areas that have been clear cut, clobbered, bulldozed, and in powerline corridors.<ref name=fsu/> It requires open to semi-shaded areas.<ref name=fsu/> It is associated with areas that have drying-loamy sand, wet-sandy loam, dry sand, gray-sand loam, dry-sparsely loamy sand soil types.<ref name=fsu/> It does well in open canopy areas on longleaf pine habitats and does okay in areas that have been clear cut. <ref name=bro>Brockway, D. G. and C. E. Lewis (2003). "Influence of deer, cattle grazing and timber harvest on plant species diversity in a longleaf pine bluestem ecosystem." Forest Ecology and Management 175: 49-69.</ref> It is found in longleaf pine sandhill communities. <ref name= heu> Heuberger, K. A. and F. E. Putz (2003). "Fire in the suburbs: ecological impacts of prescribed fire in small remnants of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) sandhill." Restoration Ecology 11: 72-81.</ref> Associated species include ''Eupatorium recurvans, E. mikanioides, E. rotundifolium, E. anomalum, E. compositifolium, E. aromaticum, Chamaecrista fasciculata, Sassafras albidum, Pteridium aquilinum, Quercus incana, Q laevis, Aristida beyrichiana, Serenoa repens, Ilex glabra, Rhynchospora, Xyris, Magnolia virginiana, E. rotundifolium, Solidago odora, Liatris gracilis, L. tenuifolia, L. elegans,Sericocarpus tortifolius, Rubus cuneufolius, Andropogon ternarius, Carphephorus corymbosus''.<ref name=fsu/> |
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| − | Associated species include ''Eupatorium recurvans, E. mikanioides, E. rotundifolium, E. anomalum, E. compositifolium, E. aromaticum, Chamaecrista fasciculata, Sassafras albidum, Pteridium aquilinum, Quercus incana, Q laevis, Aristida beyrichiana, Serenoa repens, Ilex glabra, Rhynchospora, Xyris, Magnolia virginiana, E. rotundifolium, Solidago odora, Liatris gracilis, L. tenuifolia, L. elegans,Sericocarpus tortifolius, Rubus cuneufolius, Andropogon ternarius, Carphephorus corymbosus'' | ||
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===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | It has been observed flowering from July to November | + | It has been observed flowering from July to November.<ref name=fsu/> Kevin Robertson has observed this species flower within three months of burning. [[KMR]] |
| − | + | ===Seed dispersal=== | |
| − | Kevin Robertson has observed this species flower within three months of burning. [[KMR]] | + | According to Kay Kirkman, a plant ecologist, this species disperses by wind. <ref name="KK"> Kay Kirkman, unpublished data, 2015. </ref> |
| − | + | ===Seed bank and germination=== | |
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| − | |||
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
It flowers within three months of burning in the early spring to early summer. [[KMR]] | It flowers within three months of burning in the early spring to early summer. [[KMR]] | ||
| − | + | ===Pollination=== | |
| − | + | ===Use by animals=== <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | |
| − | + | ===Diseases and parasites=== | |
| − | |||
==Conservation and Management== | ==Conservation and Management== | ||
Revision as of 09:39, 14 April 2016
| Eupatorium album | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo was taken by Gil Nelson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae |
| Genus: | Eupatorium |
| Species: | E. album |
| Binomial name | |
| Eupatorium album L. | |
| |
| Natural range of Eupatorium album from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: White thoroughwort
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: Eupatorium album Linnaeus var. album; E. album var. glandulosum (Michaux) A.P. de Candolle
Description
A description of Eupatorium album is provided in The Flora of North America.
Distribution
Ecology
Habitat
It is found in sandhills, Longleaf pine-wiregrass savannas, evergreen scrub oak sand ridges, pine flatwoods, old fields, flatwoods, hammocks, seepage slopes, pine-palmetto flatwoods, in woods adjacent to sinkholes, and in well-drained Longleaf pinelands. [1] It is also found in human disturbed areas such as roadsides, areas that have been clear cut, clobbered, bulldozed, and in powerline corridors.[1] It requires open to semi-shaded areas.[1] It is associated with areas that have drying-loamy sand, wet-sandy loam, dry sand, gray-sand loam, dry-sparsely loamy sand soil types.[1] It does well in open canopy areas on longleaf pine habitats and does okay in areas that have been clear cut. [2] It is found in longleaf pine sandhill communities. [3] Associated species include Eupatorium recurvans, E. mikanioides, E. rotundifolium, E. anomalum, E. compositifolium, E. aromaticum, Chamaecrista fasciculata, Sassafras albidum, Pteridium aquilinum, Quercus incana, Q laevis, Aristida beyrichiana, Serenoa repens, Ilex glabra, Rhynchospora, Xyris, Magnolia virginiana, E. rotundifolium, Solidago odora, Liatris gracilis, L. tenuifolia, L. elegans,Sericocarpus tortifolius, Rubus cuneufolius, Andropogon ternarius, Carphephorus corymbosus.[1]
Phenology
It has been observed flowering from July to November.[1] Kevin Robertson has observed this species flower within three months of burning. KMR
Seed dispersal
According to Kay Kirkman, a plant ecologist, this species disperses by wind. [4]
Seed bank and germination
Fire ecology
It flowers within three months of burning in the early spring to early summer. KMR
Pollination
Use by animals
Diseases and parasites
Conservation and Management
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
References and notes
Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, R.K. Godfrey, Robert L. Lazor, John Lazor, J. P. Gillespie, R. Kral, Victoria I. Sullivan, Brenda Herring, Don Herring, Delzie Demaree, Nancy E. Jordan, R. F. Doren, R. E. Perdue, S. C. Hood, Paul L. Redfearn, Jr., R. A. Norris, and R. Komarek. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Citrus, Clay, Columbia, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Jackson, Jefferson, Lafayette, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Marion, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Taylor, Wakulla, and Washington. Georgia: Thomas.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedfsu - ↑ Brockway, D. G. and C. E. Lewis (2003). "Influence of deer, cattle grazing and timber harvest on plant species diversity in a longleaf pine bluestem ecosystem." Forest Ecology and Management 175: 49-69.
- ↑ Heuberger, K. A. and F. E. Putz (2003). "Fire in the suburbs: ecological impacts of prescribed fire in small remnants of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) sandhill." Restoration Ecology 11: 72-81.
- ↑ Kay Kirkman, unpublished data, 2015.
