Difference between revisions of "Quercus virginiana"
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| − | ''Quercus virginiana'' has been observed to host species such as ''Empoasca fabae'' (family Cicadellidae), members of the Membracidae family such as | + | ''Quercus virginiana'' has been observed to host species such as ''Empoasca fabae'' (family Cicadellidae), members of the Membracidae family such as ''Archasia belfragei, Cyrtolobus tuberosus, Ophiderma definita, Smilia camelus and Telamona salvini'', members of the Miridae family such as ''Americodema nigrolineatum, Atractotomus miniatus, Hamatophylus guttulosus, Plagiognathus lineatus'' and ''Pseudoxenetus regalis,'' as well as ''Zelus luridus'' (family Reduviidae).<ref>Discoverlife.org [https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Bidens+albaDiscoverlife.org|Discoverlife.org]</ref> Hummingbirds are attracted to ''Q. virginiana''. They use the pollen to acquire energy in the spring before migrating. They will also eat insects on the tree and from spider webbs on the tree.<ref name ="FFE">Observation by Roger Hammer in a comment on Steve Gallagher's post in Little Porter Lake, Chipley Florida, Washington County, Fl., March 18, 2018 2016, posted to Florida Flora and Ecosystematics Facebook Group. </ref> |
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Revision as of 07:29, 17 June 2021
Common name: live oak [1]
| Quercus virginiana | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by John Gwaltney hosted at Southeastern Flora.com | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicots |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Fagaceae |
| Genus: | Quercus |
| Species: | Q. virginiana |
| Binomial name | |
| Quercus virginiana Mill. | |
| |
| Natural range of Quercus virginiana from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonyms: Q. sempervirens Walter
Varieties: none
Description
Q. virginiana is a perennial tree of the Fagaceae family native to North America.[2]
Distribution
Q. virginiana is found along the southeastern coast of the United States from Texas to Virginia.[2]
Ecology
Habitat
Q. virginiana is locally common to abundant in maritime forests and maritime scrub on barrier islands, more rarely inland (though regularly on the mainland from se. NC south, and extending substantially inland from s. SC south), sometimes in dry, fire-maintained habitats.[1] Specimens have been collected from habitats that include upland woodland, sand ridge, shellmound, sandy loam, open woods, old field, flatwoods, hardwood hammock, pasture, upland field, live oak hammock, mixed woodland, coastal hammock, and mucky sands.[3]
Q. virginiana responds positively to soil disturbance by clearcutting and chopping in North Florida flatwoods forests.[4]
Phenology
Q. virginiana has been observed to flower in March, April, October, and November.[5]
Seed dispersal
This species is thought to be dispersed by gravity.[6]
Fire ecology
Q. virginiana is not fire resistant and has low fire tolerance.[2]
Pollination and use by animals
Quercus virginiana has been observed to host species such as Empoasca fabae (family Cicadellidae), members of the Membracidae family such as Archasia belfragei, Cyrtolobus tuberosus, Ophiderma definita, Smilia camelus and Telamona salvini, members of the Miridae family such as Americodema nigrolineatum, Atractotomus miniatus, Hamatophylus guttulosus, Plagiognathus lineatus and Pseudoxenetus regalis, as well as Zelus luridus (family Reduviidae).[7] Hummingbirds are attracted to Q. virginiana. They use the pollen to acquire energy in the spring before migrating. They will also eat insects on the tree and from spider webbs on the tree.[8]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Native Americans used the bark to create treatments for sore eyes and dysentery.[9]
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 USDA Plant Database https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=QUVI
- ↑ URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: R.K. Godfrey, W.D. Reese, M. R. Darst, Sidney McDaniel, Walter S Judd, Angus Gholson, Brenda Herring, Don Herring, R.W. Long, Richard P. Wunderlin, J. Poppleton, S.D. Todd, A.G. Shuey, Gwynn W. Ramsey, H. Kurz, Robert Kral, R.M. Schuster, O. M. Schuster, O. Lakela, R. F. Doren, Elbert L. Little, Walter S. Judd, Paul Kalaz, Elmer C. Prichard, L.B. Trott, B. K. Holst, W. Diaz, Raul Rivero, M. Serrano, K. Wendelberger, Mary E. Nolan, William Stimson, Patricia Elliot, James D. Ray, Jackie Patman, Celeste Baylor, Leon Neel, R. Lomarek, Garret Crow. States and counties: Florida (Pasco, Manatee, Dixie, Leon, Levy, Wakulla, Gadsden, Jeferson, Citrus, Washington, Hillsborough, Jackson, Volusia, Suwannee, Brevard, Madison, Hernando, Marion, Martin, Dade, Bay, Liberty, Hernando, Sarasota, Palm Beach, Okaloosa, Escambia, Pinellas) Georgia (Thomas)
- ↑ Moore, W.H., B.F. Swindel, and W.S. Terry. (1982). Vegetative Response to Clearcutting and Chopping in a North Florida Flatwoods Forest. Journal of Range Management 35(2):214-218.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 29 MAY 2018
- ↑ Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.
- ↑ Discoverlife.org [1]
- ↑ Observation by Roger Hammer in a comment on Steve Gallagher's post in Little Porter Lake, Chipley Florida, Washington County, Fl., March 18, 2018 2016, posted to Florida Flora and Ecosystematics Facebook Group.
- ↑ Korchmal, Arnold & Connie. 1973. A Guide to the Medicinal Plants of the United States. The New York Times Book Company, New York.
