Difference between revisions of "Quercus incana"

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===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
 
''Q. incana'' has been found in turkey oak-longleaf pine stands, sand dunes, sand pine scrub, longleaf pine-wiregrass ridges, slashpine flatwoods, dry pine barrens, upland woods, and evergreen oak scrub.<ref name="FSU"/> It is also found in disturbed areas including along roadsides, clear cut longleaf pine forests, and burned pinewoods.<ref name="FSU"> Florida State University Herbarium Database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: A. H. Curtiss, Robert Doren, Angus Gholson, Robert K. Godfrey, Robert L. Lazor, and Dwayne Wise. States and counties: Florida: Calhoun, Duval, Franklin, Gilchrist, Highlands, Levy.</ref> Associated species: ''Q. myrtifolia, Quercus marilandica, Opuntia humifusa, Stillingia sylvatica, Tephrosia virginiana'', and ''Quercus-Ilex''.<ref name="FSU"/><ref name="LSU"> Louisiana State University, Shirley C. Tucker Herbarium accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: Charles M. Allen. States and Counties: Louisiana: Saint Helena</ref><ref name="LL"> Lundell Herbarium at the University of Texas at Austin accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: Jimmy R. Massey. States and Counties: Mississippi: Newton.</ref><ref name="MMNS"> Mississippi Museum of Natural Science Herbarium accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: Lucas C. Majure. States and Counties: Texas: Robertson.</ref>
 
''Q. incana'' has been found in turkey oak-longleaf pine stands, sand dunes, sand pine scrub, longleaf pine-wiregrass ridges, slashpine flatwoods, dry pine barrens, upland woods, and evergreen oak scrub.<ref name="FSU"/> It is also found in disturbed areas including along roadsides, clear cut longleaf pine forests, and burned pinewoods.<ref name="FSU"> Florida State University Herbarium Database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: A. H. Curtiss, Robert Doren, Angus Gholson, Robert K. Godfrey, Robert L. Lazor, and Dwayne Wise. States and counties: Florida: Calhoun, Duval, Franklin, Gilchrist, Highlands, Levy.</ref> Associated species: ''Q. myrtifolia, Quercus marilandica, Opuntia humifusa, Stillingia sylvatica, Tephrosia virginiana'', and ''Quercus-Ilex''.<ref name="FSU"/><ref name="LSU"> Louisiana State University, Shirley C. Tucker Herbarium accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: Charles M. Allen. States and Counties: Louisiana: Saint Helena</ref><ref name="LL"> Lundell Herbarium at the University of Texas at Austin accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: Jimmy R. Massey. States and Counties: Mississippi: Newton.</ref><ref name="MMNS"> Mississippi Museum of Natural Science Herbarium accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: Lucas C. Majure. States and Counties: Texas: Robertson.</ref>
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''Quercus incana'' is restricted to native groundcover with a statistical affinity in upland pinelands of South Georgia.<ref name=ost>Ostertag, T.E., and K.M. Robertson. 2007. A comparison of native versus old-field vegetation in upland pinelands managed with frequent fire, South Georgia, USA. Pages 109–120 in R.E. Masters and K.E.M. Galley (eds.). Proceedings of the 23rd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference: Fire in Grassland and Shrubland Ecosystems.</ref> ''Q. incana'' responds positively to agricultural-based soil disturbance in South Carolina coastal plains communities.<ref>Brudvig, L.A., J.L. Orrock, E.I. Damschen, C.D. Collins, P.G. Hahn, W.B. Mattingly, J.W. Veldman, and J.L. Walker. (2014). Land-Use History and Contemporary Management Inform an Ecological Reference Model for Longleaf Pine Woodland Understory Plant Communities. PLoS ONE 9(1): e86604.</ref> It also responds positively to roller chopping in West Florida with an overall increase in density.<ref>Burns, R.M. and R.D. McReynolds. (1972). Scheduling and Intensity of Site Preparation for Pine in West Florida Sandhills. Journal of Forestry 70(12):737-740.</ref> When exposed to soil disturbance by military training in West Georgia, ''Q. incana'' responds negatively by way of absence.<ref>Dale, V.H., S.C. Beyeler, and B. Jackson. (2002). Understory vegetation indicators of anthropogenic disturbance in longleaf pine forests at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA. Ecological Indicators 1(3):155-170.</ref> ''Q. incana'' responds negatively to soil disturbance by roller chopping in Northwest Florida sandhills.<ref>Hebb, E.A. (1971). Site Preparation Decreases Game Food Plants in Florida Sandhills. The Journal of Wildlife Management 35(1):155-162.</ref> It does not respond to soil disturbance by clearcutting and chopping in North Florida flatwoods forests.<ref>Moore, W.H., B.F. Swindel, and W.S. Terry. (1982). Vegetative Response to Clearcutting and Chopping in a North Florida Flatwoods Forest. Journal of Range Management 35(2):214-218.</ref>
 
''Quercus incana'' is restricted to native groundcover with a statistical affinity in upland pinelands of South Georgia.<ref name=ost>Ostertag, T.E., and K.M. Robertson. 2007. A comparison of native versus old-field vegetation in upland pinelands managed with frequent fire, South Georgia, USA. Pages 109–120 in R.E. Masters and K.E.M. Galley (eds.). Proceedings of the 23rd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference: Fire in Grassland and Shrubland Ecosystems.</ref> ''Q. incana'' responds positively to agricultural-based soil disturbance in South Carolina coastal plains communities.<ref>Brudvig, L.A., J.L. Orrock, E.I. Damschen, C.D. Collins, P.G. Hahn, W.B. Mattingly, J.W. Veldman, and J.L. Walker. (2014). Land-Use History and Contemporary Management Inform an Ecological Reference Model for Longleaf Pine Woodland Understory Plant Communities. PLoS ONE 9(1): e86604.</ref> It also responds positively to roller chopping in West Florida with an overall increase in density.<ref>Burns, R.M. and R.D. McReynolds. (1972). Scheduling and Intensity of Site Preparation for Pine in West Florida Sandhills. Journal of Forestry 70(12):737-740.</ref> When exposed to soil disturbance by military training in West Georgia, ''Q. incana'' responds negatively by way of absence.<ref>Dale, V.H., S.C. Beyeler, and B. Jackson. (2002). Understory vegetation indicators of anthropogenic disturbance in longleaf pine forests at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA. Ecological Indicators 1(3):155-170.</ref> ''Q. incana'' responds negatively to soil disturbance by roller chopping in Northwest Florida sandhills.<ref>Hebb, E.A. (1971). Site Preparation Decreases Game Food Plants in Florida Sandhills. The Journal of Wildlife Management 35(1):155-162.</ref> It does not respond to soil disturbance by clearcutting and chopping in North Florida flatwoods forests.<ref>Moore, W.H., B.F. Swindel, and W.S. Terry. (1982). Vegetative Response to Clearcutting and Chopping in a North Florida Flatwoods Forest. Journal of Range Management 35(2):214-218.</ref>

Revision as of 12:56, 8 June 2021

Quercus incana
Quercus incana PH 2015-10.JPG
Photo taken by Kevin Robertson
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Tracheophyta- Vascular plants
Class: Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons
Order: Fagales
Family: Fagaceae
Genus: Quercus
Species: Q. incana
Binomial name
Quercus incana
W. Bartram
Quer inca dist.jpg
Natural range of Quercus incana from USDA NRCS Plants Database.

Common name: Bluejack oak

Taxonomic notes

Synonyms: Quercus cinerea Michaux; Q. humilis Wlater

Description

A description of Quercus incana is provided in The Flora of North America.

Distribution

Ecology

Habitat

Q. incana has been found in turkey oak-longleaf pine stands, sand dunes, sand pine scrub, longleaf pine-wiregrass ridges, slashpine flatwoods, dry pine barrens, upland woods, and evergreen oak scrub.[1] It is also found in disturbed areas including along roadsides, clear cut longleaf pine forests, and burned pinewoods.[1] Associated species: Q. myrtifolia, Quercus marilandica, Opuntia humifusa, Stillingia sylvatica, Tephrosia virginiana, and Quercus-Ilex.[1][2][3][4]

Quercus incana is restricted to native groundcover with a statistical affinity in upland pinelands of South Georgia.[5] Q. incana responds positively to agricultural-based soil disturbance in South Carolina coastal plains communities.[6] It also responds positively to roller chopping in West Florida with an overall increase in density.[7] When exposed to soil disturbance by military training in West Georgia, Q. incana responds negatively by way of absence.[8] Q. incana responds negatively to soil disturbance by roller chopping in Northwest Florida sandhills.[9] It does not respond to soil disturbance by clearcutting and chopping in North Florida flatwoods forests.[10]

Quercus incana is frequent and abundant in the Panhandle Xeric Sandhills, North Florida Subxeric Sandhills, and Clayhill Longleaf Woodlands community types as described in Carr et al. (2010).[11]

Phenology

Q. incana has been observed flowering in March and April.[12]

Seed dispersal

This species is thought to be dispersed by gravity.[13]

Conservation and management

Cultivation and restoration

Photo Gallery

  • Quercus incana

    Photo by Kevin Robertson

References and notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Florida State University Herbarium Database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: A. H. Curtiss, Robert Doren, Angus Gholson, Robert K. Godfrey, Robert L. Lazor, and Dwayne Wise. States and counties: Florida: Calhoun, Duval, Franklin, Gilchrist, Highlands, Levy.
  2. ↑ Louisiana State University, Shirley C. Tucker Herbarium accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: Charles M. Allen. States and Counties: Louisiana: Saint Helena
  3. ↑ Lundell Herbarium at the University of Texas at Austin accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: Jimmy R. Massey. States and Counties: Mississippi: Newton.
  4. ↑ Mississippi Museum of Natural Science Herbarium accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: Lucas C. Majure. States and Counties: Texas: Robertson.
  5. ↑ Ostertag, T.E., and K.M. Robertson. 2007. A comparison of native versus old-field vegetation in upland pinelands managed with frequent fire, South Georgia, USA. Pages 109–120 in R.E. Masters and K.E.M. Galley (eds.). Proceedings of the 23rd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference: Fire in Grassland and Shrubland Ecosystems.
  6. ↑ Brudvig, L.A., J.L. Orrock, E.I. Damschen, C.D. Collins, P.G. Hahn, W.B. Mattingly, J.W. Veldman, and J.L. Walker. (2014). Land-Use History and Contemporary Management Inform an Ecological Reference Model for Longleaf Pine Woodland Understory Plant Communities. PLoS ONE 9(1): e86604.
  7. ↑ Burns, R.M. and R.D. McReynolds. (1972). Scheduling and Intensity of Site Preparation for Pine in West Florida Sandhills. Journal of Forestry 70(12):737-740.
  8. ↑ Dale, V.H., S.C. Beyeler, and B. Jackson. (2002). Understory vegetation indicators of anthropogenic disturbance in longleaf pine forests at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA. Ecological Indicators 1(3):155-170.
  9. ↑ Hebb, E.A. (1971). Site Preparation Decreases Game Food Plants in Florida Sandhills. The Journal of Wildlife Management 35(1):155-162.
  10. ↑ Moore, W.H., B.F. Swindel, and W.S. Terry. (1982). Vegetative Response to Clearcutting and Chopping in a North Florida Flatwoods Forest. Journal of Range Management 35(2):214-218.
  11. ↑ Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.
  12. ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 13 DEC 2016
  13. ↑ Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.
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