Difference between revisions of "Solidago fistulosa"
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Common name: pine barren goldenrod | Common name: pine barren goldenrod | ||
| − | ==Taxonomic notes== | + | <!--==Taxonomic notes==--> |
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
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===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
''S. fistula'' spreads by rhizomes along with sexual reproduction. It is a monecious species. Flowers in September through October and fruits in October<ref name="fsu"/>. | ''S. fistula'' spreads by rhizomes along with sexual reproduction. It is a monecious species. Flowers in September through October and fruits in October<ref name="fsu"/>. | ||
| − | + | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | |
| − | ===Seed dispersal=== | + | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> |
| − | ===Seed bank and germination=== | ||
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
''S. fistulosa'' has been observed growing in a recently burned pineland bay forest and an annually burned pine forest<ref name="fsu"/>. | ''S. fistulosa'' has been observed growing in a recently burned pineland bay forest and an annually burned pine forest<ref name="fsu"/>. | ||
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Vespidae: ''Eumenes smithii, Parancistrocerus salcularis rufulus, Polistes dorsalis hunteri, Zethus spinipes'' | Vespidae: ''Eumenes smithii, Parancistrocerus salcularis rufulus, Polistes dorsalis hunteri, Zethus spinipes'' | ||
| − | ===Use by animals=== <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | + | <!--===Use by animals===--> <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> |
| − | ===Diseases and parasites=== | + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> |
==Conservation and Management== | ==Conservation and Management== | ||
''S. fistulosa'' is a perennial weed in blueberry plantations in North Carolina. It is tolerant of terbacil<ref name="andree">Andree, L. G. and J. M. Thomas (1983). "Metabolism of Terbacil in Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and Goldenrod (Solidago fistulosa)." Weed Science 31(2): 221-225.</ref>. | ''S. fistulosa'' is a perennial weed in blueberry plantations in North Carolina. It is tolerant of terbacil<ref name="andree">Andree, L. G. and J. M. Thomas (1983). "Metabolism of Terbacil in Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and Goldenrod (Solidago fistulosa)." Weed Science 31(2): 221-225.</ref>. | ||
Revision as of 08:38, 17 March 2016
| Solidago fistulosa | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Shirley Denton (Copyrighted, use by photographer’s permission only), Nature Photography by Shirley Denton | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae |
| Genus: | Solidago |
| Species: | S. fistulosa |
| Binomial name | |
| Solidago fistulosa Mill. | |
| |
| Natural range of Solidago fistulosa from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: pine barren goldenrod
Contents
Description
A description of Solidago fistulosa is provided in The Flora of North America.
Distribution
Found in the Coastal Plain from Louisiana to New Jersey, however, is primarily concentrated in the southeast coastal plain[1].
Ecology
Habitat
In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, S. fistulosa occurs in wet hammocks, cabbage palm-slash pine hammocks, slash pine woodlands, lake margins, open ditches bordering swamps, shores of cypress ponds, thickets bordering cypress-gum depressions, floodplain woodlands, brackish marshes, and dried out cypress depressions. It also occurs in disturbed areas such as roadside depressions, black sandy peat of a logged over hillside bog, clear-cut sand pine scrub ridge, old pastures, and a drainage ditch bordering pine flatwoods. Soils include loamy sand, sandy loam, sandy peat, and clay. Associated species include Euthamia minor, Eupatorium, Xyris, Cladium, Rhynchospora fascicularis and Hypericum cistifolium[2].
Phenology
S. fistula spreads by rhizomes along with sexual reproduction. It is a monecious species. Flowers in September through October and fruits in October[2].
Fire ecology
S. fistulosa has been observed growing in a recently burned pineland bay forest and an annually burned pine forest[2].
Pollination
The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of Solidago fistulosa at Archbold Biological Station (Deyrup 2015):
Apidae: Apis mellifera
Colletidae: Colletes mandibularis, C. thysanellae
Halictidae: Augochlorella gratiosa, Halictus poeyi, Sphecodes heraclei
Megachilidae: Coelioxys sayi
Sphecidae: Anacrabro ocellatus, Tachytes validus
Vespidae: Eumenes smithii, Parancistrocerus salcularis rufulus, Polistes dorsalis hunteri, Zethus spinipes
Conservation and Management
S. fistulosa is a perennial weed in blueberry plantations in North Carolina. It is tolerant of terbacil[3].
Cultivation and restoration
Rubber can be made from the latex found in the leaves[4].
Photo Gallery
References and notes
Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
- ↑ [[1]]Native Florida Wildflowers. Accessed: March 17, 2016
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: November 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Robt. Blaisdell, A.F. Clewell, Mark A. Garland, Robert K. Godfrey, G.G. Hedgcock, Lisa Keppner, Gary Knight, R. Komarek, Robert Kral, Robert L. Lazor, R.A. Norris, James D. Ray Jr., Paul L. Redfearn Jr., Annie Schmidt, J.C. Semple, R. Wunderlin. States and Counties: Florida: Baker, Bay, Duval, Franklin, Gulf, Highlands, Hillsborough, Jefferson, Lake, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Okaloosa, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton, Washington. Georgia: Grady, Thomas. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
- ↑ Andree, L. G. and J. M. Thomas (1983). "Metabolism of Terbacil in Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and Goldenrod (Solidago fistulosa)." Weed Science 31(2): 221-225.
- ↑ [[2]]Accessed: March 16, 2016
