Difference between revisions of "Stylisma patens"
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Common names: Coastal Plain dawnflower, Common dawnflower | Common names: Coastal Plain dawnflower, Common dawnflower | ||
==Taxonomic notes== | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| − | Synonyms: '' | + | Synonyms: ''Bonamia patens'' (Desrousseaux) Shinners var. ''angustifolia'' (Nash) Shinners; ''S. angustifolia'' (Nash) House; ''Bonamia angustifolia'' (Nash) K.A. Wilson.<ref>Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draf of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| + | ''Stylisma patens'' does not have specialized underground storage units apart from its rhizomes.<ref name="Diaz"> Diaz-Toribio, M.H. and F. E. Putz 2021. Underground carbohydrate stores and storage organs in fire-maintained longleaf pine savannas in Florida, USA. American Journal of Botany 108: 432-442.</ref> Diaz-Toribio and Putz (2021) recorded this species to have an non-structural carbohydrate concentration of 159.4 mg/g (ranking 33 out of 100 species studied) and water content of 39.4% (ranking 5 out of 100 species studied).<ref name="Diaz"/> | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | In the Coastal Plains, ''S. patens'' has been documented in a longleaf pine-mixed oak-wiregrass association on a sandy hill slope; frequently burned, mature longleaf pine-wiregrass community; sand of open pine/oak flatwoods; sandhills; edge of longleaf-slash pine/wiregrass community; oak scrub; high turkey oak sandhill; cyrpess depressions in flatwoods; sandy upland pine-oak forests; turkey oak-wiregrass community; upland pinewoods; and longleaf pine-oak barrens. <ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: July 2015. Collectors: R. A. Norris, Robert K. Godfrey, Loran C. Anderson, Cecil R Slaughter, Gil Nelson, W. W. Baker, R. R. Smith, T. Myint, R. Buchanan, S. W. Leonard, Robert Kral, Mable Kral, R. L. Lazor, Jean Wooten, Patricia Elliot, Sidney McDaniel, William Reese, Paul Redfearn, A. E. Radford, D. S. Correll, D. B. Ward, B. Moore, Walter S. Judd, A. F. Clewell, J. Beckner, Olga Lakela, E. West, Lovett E. Williams, S. B. Jones, M. L. Fernald, C. Ritchie Bell, O. M. Freeman. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Citrus, Duval, Flagler, Franklin, Gadsden, Gilchrist, Gulf, Hernando, Hillsborough, Jackson, Jefferson, Lafayette, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Marion, Nassau, Putnam, Taylor, Wakulla, Washington. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref> In disturbed habitats it has been found in boggy powerline corridors, moderately disturbed longleaf pine restoration sites, dry powerline corridors, sandy roadsides, turkey oak barren clearing, bulldozed scrub oak sandhills, and gravel pits. Soil types include sand and loamy sand. | + | In the Coastal Plains, ''S. patens'' has been documented in a longleaf pine-mixed oak-wiregrass association on a sandy hill slope; frequently burned, mature longleaf pine-wiregrass community; sand of open pine/oak flatwoods; sandhills; edge of longleaf-slash pine/wiregrass community; oak scrub; high turkey oak sandhill; cyrpess depressions in flatwoods; sandy upland pine-oak forests; turkey oak-wiregrass community; upland pinewoods; and longleaf pine-oak barrens.<ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: July 2015. Collectors: R. A. Norris, Robert K. Godfrey, Loran C. Anderson, Cecil R Slaughter, Gil Nelson, W. W. Baker, R. R. Smith, T. Myint, R. Buchanan, S. W. Leonard, Robert Kral, Mable Kral, R. L. Lazor, Jean Wooten, Patricia Elliot, Sidney McDaniel, William Reese, Paul Redfearn, A. E. Radford, D. S. Correll, D. B. Ward, B. Moore, Walter S. Judd, A. F. Clewell, J. Beckner, Olga Lakela, E. West, Lovett E. Williams, S. B. Jones, M. L. Fernald, C. Ritchie Bell, O. M. Freeman. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Citrus, Duval, Flagler, Franklin, Gadsden, Gilchrist, Gulf, Hernando, Hillsborough, Jackson, Jefferson, Lafayette, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Marion, Nassau, Putnam, Taylor, Wakulla, Washington. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref> In disturbed habitats it has been found in boggy powerline corridors, moderately disturbed longleaf pine restoration sites, dry powerline corridors, sandy roadsides, turkey oak barren clearing, bulldozed scrub oak sandhills, and gravel pits. Soil types include sand and loamy sand.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> |
| − | ''Stylisma patens'' var. ''patens'' is frequent and abundant in the Panhandle Xeric Sandhills community | + | ''S. patens'' became absent or decreased its occurrence in response to agriculture in southwest Georgia pinelands. It has shown resistance to regrowth in reestablished pinelands that were disturbed by agricultural practices.<ref name=ostertag>Ostertag, T. E. and K. M. Robertson. 2007. A comparison of native versus old-field vegetation in upland pinelands managed with frequent fire, South Georgia, USA. Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference Proceedings 23: 109-120.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | Associated species include ''Liatris, Erianthus, Gymnopogon, Rhynchospora, Paronychia'', and ''Dyschoriste.''<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ''Stylisma patens'' var. ''patens'' is frequent and abundant in the Panhandle Xeric Sandhills and North Florida Subxeric Sandhills community types as described in Carr et al. (2010).<ref>Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.</ref> | ||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| Line 36: | Line 41: | ||
===Seed dispersal=== | ===Seed dispersal=== | ||
| − | This species is thought to be dispersed by gravity. <ref>Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.</ref> | + | This species is thought to be dispersed by gravity.<ref>Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.</ref> |
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| + | Populations of ''Stylisma patens'' have been known to persist through repeated annual burns.<ref>Robertson, K.M. Unpublished data collected from Pebble Hill Fire Plots, Pebble Hill Plantation, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref><ref>Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref> | ||
<!--===Pollination===--> | <!--===Pollination===--> | ||
| − | <!--=== | + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===<!--Common herbivores, granivory, insect hosting, poisonous chemicals, allelopathy, etc--> |
<!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | ==Conservation and | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| − | == | + | ''S. patens'' should avoid soil disturbance by agriculture to conserve its presence in pine communities.<ref name=ostertag/> |
| + | |||
| + | ==Cultural use== | ||
| + | |||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 13:15, 15 July 2022
| Stylisma patens | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo taken by Gil Nelson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Solanales |
| Family: | Convolvulaceae |
| Genus: | Stylisma |
| Species: | S. patens |
| Binomial name | |
| Stylisma patens (Desr.) Myint | |
| |
| Natural range of Stylisma patens from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common names: Coastal Plain dawnflower, Common dawnflower
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: Bonamia patens (Desrousseaux) Shinners var. angustifolia (Nash) Shinners; S. angustifolia (Nash) House; Bonamia angustifolia (Nash) K.A. Wilson.[1]
Description
Stylisma patens does not have specialized underground storage units apart from its rhizomes.[2] Diaz-Toribio and Putz (2021) recorded this species to have an non-structural carbohydrate concentration of 159.4 mg/g (ranking 33 out of 100 species studied) and water content of 39.4% (ranking 5 out of 100 species studied).[2]
Distribution
Ecology
Habitat
In the Coastal Plains, S. patens has been documented in a longleaf pine-mixed oak-wiregrass association on a sandy hill slope; frequently burned, mature longleaf pine-wiregrass community; sand of open pine/oak flatwoods; sandhills; edge of longleaf-slash pine/wiregrass community; oak scrub; high turkey oak sandhill; cyrpess depressions in flatwoods; sandy upland pine-oak forests; turkey oak-wiregrass community; upland pinewoods; and longleaf pine-oak barrens.[3] In disturbed habitats it has been found in boggy powerline corridors, moderately disturbed longleaf pine restoration sites, dry powerline corridors, sandy roadsides, turkey oak barren clearing, bulldozed scrub oak sandhills, and gravel pits. Soil types include sand and loamy sand.[3]
S. patens became absent or decreased its occurrence in response to agriculture in southwest Georgia pinelands. It has shown resistance to regrowth in reestablished pinelands that were disturbed by agricultural practices.[4]
Associated species include Liatris, Erianthus, Gymnopogon, Rhynchospora, Paronychia, and Dyschoriste.[3]
Stylisma patens var. patens is frequent and abundant in the Panhandle Xeric Sandhills and North Florida Subxeric Sandhills community types as described in Carr et al. (2010).[5]
Phenology
S. patens has been observed flowering May through September with peak inflorescence in June and fruiting May through November.[3][6]
Seed dispersal
This species is thought to be dispersed by gravity.[7]
Fire ecology
Populations of Stylisma patens have been known to persist through repeated annual burns.[8][9]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
S. patens should avoid soil disturbance by agriculture to conserve its presence in pine communities.[4]
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draf of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Diaz-Toribio, M.H. and F. E. Putz 2021. Underground carbohydrate stores and storage organs in fire-maintained longleaf pine savannas in Florida, USA. American Journal of Botany 108: 432-442.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: July 2015. Collectors: R. A. Norris, Robert K. Godfrey, Loran C. Anderson, Cecil R Slaughter, Gil Nelson, W. W. Baker, R. R. Smith, T. Myint, R. Buchanan, S. W. Leonard, Robert Kral, Mable Kral, R. L. Lazor, Jean Wooten, Patricia Elliot, Sidney McDaniel, William Reese, Paul Redfearn, A. E. Radford, D. S. Correll, D. B. Ward, B. Moore, Walter S. Judd, A. F. Clewell, J. Beckner, Olga Lakela, E. West, Lovett E. Williams, S. B. Jones, M. L. Fernald, C. Ritchie Bell, O. M. Freeman. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Citrus, Duval, Flagler, Franklin, Gadsden, Gilchrist, Gulf, Hernando, Hillsborough, Jackson, Jefferson, Lafayette, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Marion, Nassau, Putnam, Taylor, Wakulla, Washington. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Ostertag, T. E. and K. M. Robertson. 2007. A comparison of native versus old-field vegetation in upland pinelands managed with frequent fire, South Georgia, USA. Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference Proceedings 23: 109-120.
- ↑ Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 14 DEC 2016
- ↑ Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.
- ↑ Robertson, K.M. Unpublished data collected from Pebble Hill Fire Plots, Pebble Hill Plantation, Thomasville, Georgia.
- ↑ Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.
