Difference between revisions of "Gratiola floridana"
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| + | Common name: Florida hedgehyssop | ||
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==Taxonomic Notes== | ==Taxonomic Notes== | ||
| − | Synonyms: none | + | Synonyms: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
| − | Varieties: none | + | Varieties: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| + | Also known as the Florida hedgehyssop, ''G. floridana'' is a native annual forb that is a member of the Scrophulariaceae family.<ref name= "USDA"> USDA Plants Database URL: https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=GRFL2 </ref> Size class is between 0 to 1 foot with white to pink colored flowers.<ref>[[https://www.wildflower.org/plants/search.php?search_field=&newsearch=true]] Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: May 17, 2019</ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | ''G. floridana'' is found in the Southeast United States, ranging from Louisiana and Florida to less frequently found in Tennessee.<ref name= "USDA"/> More specifically, it ranges from northeastern Georgia and southeastern Tennessee south to eastern Georgia, northeastern Florida and the panhandle, Alabama, and Mississippi.<ref name= "Weakley"/> | ||
| + | |||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | ''G. floridana'' can be found in spring runs, steam banks, and blackwater swamps <ref name= "Weakley"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref>. | + | ''G. floridana'' can be found in spring runs, steam banks, and blackwater swamps <ref name= "Weakley"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref>. It has specifically been seen in shaded wet muck of floodplains, and partially shaded mesic firebreak trails.<ref name= "Herbarium"/> This species is also listed by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service as an obligate wetland species that only occurs in wetland habitats.<ref name= "USDA"/> |
| − | < | + | |
| + | Associated species - ''Ludwigia palustris'' <ref name= "Herbarium"> Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, David Roddenberry, Robert K. Godfrey, R. Kral, and J. M. Kane. States and counties: Florida: Gadsden, Wakulla, Jackson, and Leon. Georgia: Thomas. Alabama: Etowah, and Dallas. </ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| + | ''G. floridana'' has been observed to flower in March <ref name= "Panflora"> Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 22 MAY 2018 </ref>, but it has been seen to flower in April and May as well. Fruiting time ranges from March until April. <ref name= "Herbarium"/> | ||
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
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| − | ==Conservation and | + | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> |
| + | Species in the ''Gratiola'' genus were found in one study to appear in a community 13 years after a fire disturbance.<ref>Maliakal, S. K., et al. (2000). "Community composition and regeneration of Lake Wales Ridge wiregrass flatwoods in relation to time-since-fire " The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 127(2): 125-138.</ref> | ||
| + | <!--===Pollination===--> | ||
| + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===--> | ||
| + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | ||
| + | It is considered endangered in the state of Tennessee yet not in any other region, but ''G. floridana'' should be monitored in the communities for its infrequency.<ref name= "USDA"/> As well, it is listed on the global status as G4 due to its restricted distribution and rarity, and is vulnerable in Georgia, critically imperiled in Tennessee and Mississippi, and possibly extirpated in Louisiana.<ref>[[http://explorer.natureserve.org]] NatureServe Explorer. Accessed: May 17, 2019</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Cultural use== | ||
| + | Medicinally, species in the ''Gratiola'' genus are said to have purgative properties.<ref>Rafinesque, C. S. (1828). Medical flora; or Manual of the medical botany of the United States of North America.</ref> | ||
| − | |||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 15:12, 30 June 2022
Common name: Florida hedgehyssop
| Gratiola floridana | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by the Atlas of Florida Plants Database | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicots |
| Order: | Scrophulariales |
| Family: | Scrophulariaceae |
| Genus: | Gratiola |
| Species: | G. floridana |
| Binomial name | |
| Gratiola floridana Nutt. | |
| |
| Natural range of Gratiola floridana from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonyms: none.[1]
Varieties: none.[1]
Description
Also known as the Florida hedgehyssop, G. floridana is a native annual forb that is a member of the Scrophulariaceae family.[2] Size class is between 0 to 1 foot with white to pink colored flowers.[3]
Distribution
G. floridana is found in the Southeast United States, ranging from Louisiana and Florida to less frequently found in Tennessee.[2] More specifically, it ranges from northeastern Georgia and southeastern Tennessee south to eastern Georgia, northeastern Florida and the panhandle, Alabama, and Mississippi.[4]
Ecology
Habitat
G. floridana can be found in spring runs, steam banks, and blackwater swamps [4]. It has specifically been seen in shaded wet muck of floodplains, and partially shaded mesic firebreak trails.[5] This species is also listed by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service as an obligate wetland species that only occurs in wetland habitats.[2]
Associated species - Ludwigia palustris [5]
Phenology
G. floridana has been observed to flower in March [6], but it has been seen to flower in April and May as well. Fruiting time ranges from March until April. [5]
Fire ecology
Species in the Gratiola genus were found in one study to appear in a community 13 years after a fire disturbance.[7]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
It is considered endangered in the state of Tennessee yet not in any other region, but G. floridana should be monitored in the communities for its infrequency.[2] As well, it is listed on the global status as G4 due to its restricted distribution and rarity, and is vulnerable in Georgia, critically imperiled in Tennessee and Mississippi, and possibly extirpated in Louisiana.[8]
Cultural use
Medicinally, species in the Gratiola genus are said to have purgative properties.[9]
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 USDA Plants Database URL: https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=GRFL2
- ↑ [[1]] Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: May 17, 2019
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, David Roddenberry, Robert K. Godfrey, R. Kral, and J. M. Kane. States and counties: Florida: Gadsden, Wakulla, Jackson, and Leon. Georgia: Thomas. Alabama: Etowah, and Dallas.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 22 MAY 2018
- ↑ Maliakal, S. K., et al. (2000). "Community composition and regeneration of Lake Wales Ridge wiregrass flatwoods in relation to time-since-fire " The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 127(2): 125-138.
- ↑ [[2]] NatureServe Explorer. Accessed: May 17, 2019
- ↑ Rafinesque, C. S. (1828). Medical flora; or Manual of the medical botany of the United States of North America.
