Difference between revisions of "Dalea carnea"

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| binomial_authority = (Michx.) Poir.
 
| binomial_authority = (Michx.) Poir.
 
| range_map = DALE_CARN_dist.jpg
 
| range_map = DALE_CARN_dist.jpg
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| range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Dalea carnea'' from USDA NRCS [http://www.plants.usda.gov Plants Database].
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| range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Dalea carnea'' from USDA NRCS [http://www.plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=DACA8 Plants Database].
 
}}
 
}}
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Common name: whitetassels<ref name="USDA"/>, pink-tassels
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==Taxonomic notes==
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Synonyms: ''Petalostemon carneus'' Michaux<ref name=weakley>Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref>
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Varieties: none<ref name=weakley/>
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There are three varieties. ''Dalea carnea var. gracilis'' and ''D. carnea var. alba'' have white flowers, while ''Dalea carnea var. carnea'' has pink flowers. The most widespread variety is ''D. carnea var. carnea.''<ref name=hawthorn>[[http://hawthornhillwildflowers.blogspot.com/2009/06/pink-prairie-clover-dalea-carnea.html]]Native Florida Wildflowers. Accessed: April 14, 2016</ref>
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==Description==  
 
==Description==  
 
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->
 
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->
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Common Name: Whitetassels
 
  
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Plant with several elongate, radiating branches spreading through grasses, not erect (FSU Herbarium). Decumbent(FSU Herbarium). It has a turbinate lignotuber(FSU Herbarium).
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Herbaceous plant with several elongate, radiating branches spreading through grasses, not erect. Decumbent. It has a turbinate lignotuber.<ref name=fsu>Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Allen G. Shuey, R.K. Godfrey, Richard D. Houk, P. Genelle, G. Fleming, Sidney McDaniel, R. Kral, Loran C. Anderson, Steve L. Orzell, O. Lakela, Edwin L. Bridges, Paul L. Redfearn Jr., Duane Isely, Don K. Wemple, Duane Isely, Don K. Wemple, A. F. Clewell, Robert Blaisdell, Wakulla, Cecil R. Slaughter, R. Komarek, Bill Boothe, Marcia Boothe, D. S. Correll, Robert L. Lazor, and Mark A. Garland. States and Counties: Florida: Brevard, Citrus, Clay, Collier, De Soto, Dixie, Hillsborough, Indian River, Lee, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Seminole, St. Johns, Taylor, Polk, Dixie, Leon, Gilchrist, Jefferson, Levy, Jackson, Calhoun, Wakulla, Wilson Baker, Liberty, Bay, Holmes, Santa Rosa, and Washington. Georgia: Charlton and Thomas. Alabama: Barbour. Mississippi: Jackson.</ref>
  
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
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''D. carnea'' occurs from central Georgia south to southern peninsular Florida.<ref name="USDA">USDA NRCS (2016) The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 02 February 2018). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.</ref>
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==Ecology==
 
==Ecology==
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
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It is found in wet pine flatwoods, edges of cypress swamps, edges of pine palmetto habitats, Longleaf pine uplands, and in dry pine woods and savannas. It is also found in human disturbed areas such as open fields, embankments, areas that have been logged and clear cut. Requires semi-shaded areas. It is associated with areas that have drying loamy sand, loose sand, where limestone underlies the surface in flatwoods, and well-drained slopes of Longleaf pine forests (FSU Herbarium).
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It is found in wet pine flatwoods, edges of cypress swamps, edges of pine palmetto habitats, Longleaf pine uplands, and in dry pine woods and savannas. It is also found in human disturbed areas such as open fields, embankments, and areas that have been logged and clear cut. It is associated with areas that have drying loamy sand, loose sand, where limestone underlies the surface in flatwoods, and well-drained slopes of Longleaf pine forests.<ref name=fsu/>
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''D. carnea'' was found to decrease its occurrence or become absent in response to soil disturbance by agriculture in southwest Georgia. It has shown resistance to regrowth in reestablished pinelands that were disturbed by agriculture.<ref name=ostertag>Ostertag, T. E. and K. M. Robertson. 2007. A comparison of native versus old-field vegetation in upland pinelands managed with frequent fire, South Georgia, USA. Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference Proceedings 23: 109-120.</ref> Additionally, ''D. carnea'' was found to be a decreaser in its short-term response to single mechanical soil disturbances as well as in its long-term response following cessation of repeated soil disturbance.<ref name=Dixon>Dixon, C. M., K. M. Robertson, A. M. Reid and M. T. Rother. 2024. Mechanical soil disturbance in a pine savanna has multiyear effects on plant species composition. Ecosphere 15(2):e4759.</ref>
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Associated species includes ''Myrica cerifera, Eupatorium, Polygala, Clematis, Asclepias, Liatris, Indigofera caroliniana'', cowpeas, and others.<ref name=fsu/>
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''Dalea carnea'' var. ''gracilis'' is an indicator species for the Panhandle Silty Longleaf Woodlands community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).<ref>Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.</ref>
  
 
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->
 
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->
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It has been observed flowering from June to November (FSU Herbarium).
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''D. carnea'' has been observed flowering from June to November with peak inflorescence in July.<ref name=fsu/><ref>Nelson, G.  [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/  Accessed: 8 DEC 2016</ref>
  
 
===Seed dispersal===
 
===Seed dispersal===
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===Seed bank and germination===
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This species is thought to be dispersed by gravity. <ref>Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.</ref> 
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<!--===Seed bank and germination===-->
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===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses-->
 
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses-->
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Populations of ''Dalea carnea'' have been known to persist through repeated annual burns.<ref>Robertson, K.M. Unpublished data collected from Pebble Hill Fire Plots, Pebble Hill Plantation, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref>
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===Pollination===
 
===Pollination===
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bumble bees and honey bees has been observed on ''D. carnea'' (FSU Herbarium).
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Bumblebees and honey bees has been observed on ''D. carnea.''<ref name=fsu/>
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<!--===Herbivory and toxicology===-->
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<!--===Diseases and parasites===-->
  
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===Use by animals=== <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.-->
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==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration==
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===Diseases and parasites===
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''D. carnea'' should avoid soil disturbance by agriculture to conserve its presence in pine communities.<ref name=ostertag/>
  
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==Conservation and Management==
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==Cultural use==
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==Cultivation and restoration==
 
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
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==References and notes==
 
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Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: June 2014.
 
  
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Collectors: Allen G. Shuey, R.K. Godfrey, Richard D. Houk, P. Genelle, G. Fleming, Sidney McDaniel, R. Kral, Loran C. Anderson, Steve L. Orzell, O. Lakela, Edwin L. Bridges, Paul L. Redfearn Jr., Duane Isely, Don K. Wemple, Duane Isely, Don K. Wemple, A. F. Clewell, Robert Blaisdell, Wakulla, Cecil R. Slaughter, R. Komarek, Bill Boothe, Marcia Boothe, D. S. Correll, Robert L. Lazor, and Mark A. Garland.
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<gallery widths=180px>
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File:Dalea_carnea2.jpg| <center> ''Dalea carnea'' <p> Photo by Katelin Stanley </p><p> Thomas County, GA
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File:Dalea_carnea1.jpg| <center> Leaves of ''Dalea carnea'' <p> Photo by Katelin Stanley </p><p> Thomas County, GA
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</gallery>
  
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States and Counties: Florida: Brevard, Citrus, Clay, Collier, De Soto, Dixie, Hillsborough, Indian River, Lee, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Seminole, St. Johns, Taylor, Polk, Dixie, Leon, Gilchrist, Jefferson, Levy, Jackson, Calhoun, Wakulla, Wilson Baker, Liberty, Bay, Holmes, Santa Rosa, and Washington. Georgia: Charlton and Thomas. Alabama: Barbour. Mississippi: Jackson.
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==References and notes==

Latest revision as of 12:35, 1 August 2024

Dalea carnea
Dalea carnea Gil.jpg
Photo was taken by Gil Nelson
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class: Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae ⁄ Leguminosae
Genus: Dalea
Species: D. carnea
Binomial name
Dalea carnea
(Michx.) Poir.
DALE CARN dist.jpg
Natural range of Dalea carnea from USDA NRCS Plants Database.

Common name: whitetassels[1], pink-tassels

Taxonomic notes

Synonyms: Petalostemon carneus Michaux[2]

Varieties: none[2]

There are three varieties. Dalea carnea var. gracilis and D. carnea var. alba have white flowers, while Dalea carnea var. carnea has pink flowers. The most widespread variety is D. carnea var. carnea.[3]

Description

Herbaceous plant with several elongate, radiating branches spreading through grasses, not erect. Decumbent. It has a turbinate lignotuber.[4]

Distribution

D. carnea occurs from central Georgia south to southern peninsular Florida.[1]

Ecology

Habitat

It is found in wet pine flatwoods, edges of cypress swamps, edges of pine palmetto habitats, Longleaf pine uplands, and in dry pine woods and savannas. It is also found in human disturbed areas such as open fields, embankments, and areas that have been logged and clear cut. It is associated with areas that have drying loamy sand, loose sand, where limestone underlies the surface in flatwoods, and well-drained slopes of Longleaf pine forests.[4]

D. carnea was found to decrease its occurrence or become absent in response to soil disturbance by agriculture in southwest Georgia. It has shown resistance to regrowth in reestablished pinelands that were disturbed by agriculture.[5] Additionally, D. carnea was found to be a decreaser in its short-term response to single mechanical soil disturbances as well as in its long-term response following cessation of repeated soil disturbance.[6]

Associated species includes Myrica cerifera, Eupatorium, Polygala, Clematis, Asclepias, Liatris, Indigofera caroliniana, cowpeas, and others.[4]

Dalea carnea var. gracilis is an indicator species for the Panhandle Silty Longleaf Woodlands community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).[7]

Phenology

D. carnea has been observed flowering from June to November with peak inflorescence in July.[4][8]

Seed dispersal

This species is thought to be dispersed by gravity. [9]

Fire ecology

Populations of Dalea carnea have been known to persist through repeated annual burns.[10]

Pollination

Bumblebees and honey bees has been observed on D. carnea.[4]

Conservation, cultivation, and restoration

D. carnea should avoid soil disturbance by agriculture to conserve its presence in pine communities.[5]

Cultural use

Photo Gallery

  • Dalea carnea

    Photo by Katelin Stanley

    Thomas County, GA

  • Leaves of Dalea carnea

    Photo by Katelin Stanley

    Thomas County, GA

References and notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 USDA NRCS (2016) The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 02 February 2018). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
  3. ↑ [[1]]Native Florida Wildflowers. Accessed: April 14, 2016
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Allen G. Shuey, R.K. Godfrey, Richard D. Houk, P. Genelle, G. Fleming, Sidney McDaniel, R. Kral, Loran C. Anderson, Steve L. Orzell, O. Lakela, Edwin L. Bridges, Paul L. Redfearn Jr., Duane Isely, Don K. Wemple, Duane Isely, Don K. Wemple, A. F. Clewell, Robert Blaisdell, Wakulla, Cecil R. Slaughter, R. Komarek, Bill Boothe, Marcia Boothe, D. S. Correll, Robert L. Lazor, and Mark A. Garland. States and Counties: Florida: Brevard, Citrus, Clay, Collier, De Soto, Dixie, Hillsborough, Indian River, Lee, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Seminole, St. Johns, Taylor, Polk, Dixie, Leon, Gilchrist, Jefferson, Levy, Jackson, Calhoun, Wakulla, Wilson Baker, Liberty, Bay, Holmes, Santa Rosa, and Washington. Georgia: Charlton and Thomas. Alabama: Barbour. Mississippi: Jackson.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Ostertag, T. E. and K. M. Robertson. 2007. A comparison of native versus old-field vegetation in upland pinelands managed with frequent fire, South Georgia, USA. Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference Proceedings 23: 109-120.
  6. ↑ Dixon, C. M., K. M. Robertson, A. M. Reid and M. T. Rother. 2024. Mechanical soil disturbance in a pine savanna has multiyear effects on plant species composition. Ecosphere 15(2):e4759.
  7. ↑ Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.
  8. ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 8 DEC 2016
  9. ↑ Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.
  10. ↑ Robertson, K.M. Unpublished data collected from Pebble Hill Fire Plots, Pebble Hill Plantation, Thomasville, Georgia.
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