Difference between revisions of "Viburnum nudum"

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| range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Viburnum nudum'' from USDA NRCS [http://www.plants.usda.gov Plants Database].
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| range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Viburnum nudum'' from USDA NRCS [http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=VINU Plants Database].
 
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Common names: Possumhaw, Southern wild raisin
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==Taxonomic notes==
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Variations:''Viburnum nudum'' var. ''angustifolium'' Torrey & A. Gray.<ref>Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draf of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref>
  
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Common name: possumhaw
 
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==Taxonomic notes==
 
 
==Description==  
 
==Description==  
 
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->
 
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->
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"Shrubs or less frequently small trees. Leaves simple, opposite, palmately lobed or toothed, rarely nearly entire; stipules absent, or present and adnate to the petioles. Cyme compound, flat-topped. Sepals 5, very small; corolla 5-lobed, rotate, white or pinkish, fertile flowers 5-8 mm broad; stamens 5. Sterile flowers, when present, usually zygomorphic, marginal and large. Drupe 1-seeded, usually laterally compressed."<ref name="Radford et al 1964">Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 993. Print.</ref>
 +
 +
"Medium sized shrub. Similar to ''V. cassinoides.'' Leaves elliptic to elliptic-oblanceolate, 5-12 cm long, 2-6 cm wide, acute to acuminate, base cuneate to rarely rounded; petioles 0.5-2.5 cm long. Peduncles 1-4 cm long, rarely shorter, equaling or longer than the rays."<ref name="Radford et al 1964"/>
  
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
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''Viburnum nudum'' is widespread across the southeastern Coastal Plains region, with disjunct populations of ''V. nudum'' var. ''nudum'' in northwestern Virginia.<ref>Sorrie, B. A. and A. S. Weakley 2001. Coastal Plain valcular plant endemics: Phytogeographic patterns. Castanea 66: 50-82.</ref>
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==Ecology==
 
==Ecology==
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
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In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, ''V. nudum'' can be found in mesic thickets, mesic woodlands, along spring-fed lakes, swampy woodlands, creek heads, ravine seepage areas, stagnant branch swamps, bottomland hardwood stands, pine-titi flats, floodplains, acid flatwoods in sweet bay swamps, pine flatwoods, pine-saw palmetto flatwoods, annually burned pinelands, coastal hammocks, and hickory-oak-magnolia forests (FSU Herbarium). It has also been found along gas pipeline corridors, nature trails, powerline cooridors, and logged pine flatwoods. It has been found to grow in sandy peat soils and loamy sand (FSU Herbarium).
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In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, ''V. nudum'' can be found in mesic thickets, mesic woodlands, along spring-fed lakes, swampy woodlands, creek heads, ravine seepage areas, stagnant branch swamps, bottomland hardwood stands, pine-titi flats, floodplains, acid flatwoods in sweet bay swamps, pine flatwoods, pine-saw palmetto flatwoods, annually burned pinelands, coastal hammocks, and hickory-oak-magnolia forests.<ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: July 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, H. Kurz, Ann F. Johnson, Angus Gholson, Wilson Baker, R. R. Smith, Robert K. Godfrey, Robert Kral, P. L. Redfearn, K. Craddock Burks, Bruce Hansen, G. Robinson, Andre F. Clewell, J. P. Gillespie, E. S. Ford, P. White, Bruce Nelson, L. B. Trott, Lloyd H. Shinners, Robert J Lemaire, A. G. Shuey, R.A. Norris, R. Komarek, Cecil R Slaughter, Michael Keys, Annie Schmidt. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Clay, Columbia, DeSoto, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Okaloosa, Osceola, Polk, Santa Rosa, St. Johns, Union, Wakulla, Walton. Georgia: Clinch, Thomas. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref> It has also been found along gas pipeline corridors, nature trails, powerline cooridors, and logged pine flatwoods. It has been found to grow in sandy peat soils and loamy sand.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> ''V. nudum'' does not respond to soil disturbance by clearcutting and chopping in north Florida flatwoods forests.<ref>Moore, W.H., B.F. Swindel, and W.S. Terry. (1982). Vegetative Response to Clearcutting and Chopping in a North Florida Flatwoods Forest. Journal of Range Management 35(2):214-218.</ref>
  
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Associated species include ''Gordonia, Illicium, Magnolia, Stewartia, Myrica cerifera, Vitis rotundifolia, Lyonia lucida, Thelypteris palustris, Itea virginica, Clethra alnifolia, Leucothoe racemosa, Solidago, Nyssa biflora, Taxodium ascendens, Smilax laurifolia, Acer rubrum'', and ''Magnolia virginiana'' (FSU Herbarium).
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Associated species include ''Gordonia, Illicium, Magnolia, Stewartia, Myrica cerifera, Vitis rotundifolia, Lyonia lucida, Thelypteris palustris, Itea virginica, Clethra alnifolia, Leucothoe racemosa, Solidago, Nyssa biflora, Taxodium ascendens, Smilax laurifolia, Acer rubrum'', and ''Magnolia virginiana.''<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/>
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''Viburnum nudum'' is an indicator species for the North Florida Wet Flatwoods community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).<ref>Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.</ref>
  
 
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->
 
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->
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Flowers and fruits March through November (FSU Herbarium).
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''V. nudum'' has been observed to flower and fruit March through November with peak inflorescence in April.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/><ref>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/  Accessed: 15 DEC 2016</ref>
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<!--===Seed dispersal===-->
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<!--===Seed bank and germination===-->
  
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===Seed dispersal===
 
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===Seed bank and germination===
 
 
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses-->
 
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses-->
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===Pollination===  
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Populations of ''Viburnum nudum'' have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.<ref>Glitzenstein, J. S., D. R. Streng, R. E. Masters, K. M. Robertson and S. M. Hermann 2012. Fire-frequency effects on vegetation in north Florida pinelands: Another look at the long-term Stoddard Fire Research Plots at Tall Timbers Research Station. Forest Ecology and Management 264: 197-209.</ref><ref>Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref>
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===Use by animals=== <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.-->
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===Diseases and parasites===
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===Pollination ===
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==Conservation and Management==
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''Viburnum nudum'' has been observed with ground-nesting bees from the Andrenidae family such as ''Andrena atlantica''.<ref>Discoverlife.org [https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Bidens+albaDiscoverlife.org|Discoverlife.org]</ref>
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==Cultivation and restoration==
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<!--===Herbivory and toxicology=== <!--Common herbivores, granivory, insect hosting, poisonous chemicals, allelopathy, etc.-->
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<!--===Diseases and parasites===-->
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==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration==
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==Cultural use==
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''Viburnum nudum'' produces a fruit that can be eaten raw or used in goods such as jellies or pies.<ref> Hardin, J.W., Arena, J.M. 1969. Human Poisoning from Native and Cultivated Plants. Duke University Press, Durham, North Carolina.</ref> The bark has medicinal uses as a tonic and to treat uterine disorders and malaria.<ref> Korchmal, Arnold & Connie. 1973. A Guide to the Medicinal Plants of the United States. The New York Times Book Company, New York.</ref>
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==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery widths=180px>
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</gallery>
 
==References and notes==
 
==References and notes==
−
Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed:  Collectors:    States and Counties:    Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
 

Latest revision as of 12:22, 18 July 2022

Viburnum nudum
Viburnum nudum Gil.jpg
Photo taken by Gil Nelson
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants
Class: Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons
Order: Dipsacales
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Genus: Viburnum
Species: V. nudum
Binomial name
Viburnum nudum
L.
VIBU NUDU dist.jpg
Natural range of Viburnum nudum from USDA NRCS Plants Database.

Common names: Possumhaw, Southern wild raisin

Taxonomic notes

Variations:Viburnum nudum var. angustifolium Torrey & A. Gray.[1]

Description

"Shrubs or less frequently small trees. Leaves simple, opposite, palmately lobed or toothed, rarely nearly entire; stipules absent, or present and adnate to the petioles. Cyme compound, flat-topped. Sepals 5, very small; corolla 5-lobed, rotate, white or pinkish, fertile flowers 5-8 mm broad; stamens 5. Sterile flowers, when present, usually zygomorphic, marginal and large. Drupe 1-seeded, usually laterally compressed."[2]

"Medium sized shrub. Similar to V. cassinoides. Leaves elliptic to elliptic-oblanceolate, 5-12 cm long, 2-6 cm wide, acute to acuminate, base cuneate to rarely rounded; petioles 0.5-2.5 cm long. Peduncles 1-4 cm long, rarely shorter, equaling or longer than the rays."[2]

Distribution

Viburnum nudum is widespread across the southeastern Coastal Plains region, with disjunct populations of V. nudum var. nudum in northwestern Virginia.[3]

Ecology

Habitat

In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, V. nudum can be found in mesic thickets, mesic woodlands, along spring-fed lakes, swampy woodlands, creek heads, ravine seepage areas, stagnant branch swamps, bottomland hardwood stands, pine-titi flats, floodplains, acid flatwoods in sweet bay swamps, pine flatwoods, pine-saw palmetto flatwoods, annually burned pinelands, coastal hammocks, and hickory-oak-magnolia forests.[4] It has also been found along gas pipeline corridors, nature trails, powerline cooridors, and logged pine flatwoods. It has been found to grow in sandy peat soils and loamy sand.[4] V. nudum does not respond to soil disturbance by clearcutting and chopping in north Florida flatwoods forests.[5]

Associated species include Gordonia, Illicium, Magnolia, Stewartia, Myrica cerifera, Vitis rotundifolia, Lyonia lucida, Thelypteris palustris, Itea virginica, Clethra alnifolia, Leucothoe racemosa, Solidago, Nyssa biflora, Taxodium ascendens, Smilax laurifolia, Acer rubrum, and Magnolia virginiana.[4]

Viburnum nudum is an indicator species for the North Florida Wet Flatwoods community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).[6]

Phenology

V. nudum has been observed to flower and fruit March through November with peak inflorescence in April.[4][7]

Fire ecology

Populations of Viburnum nudum have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.[8][9]

Pollination

Viburnum nudum has been observed with ground-nesting bees from the Andrenidae family such as Andrena atlantica.[10]

Conservation, cultivation, and restoration

Cultural use

Viburnum nudum produces a fruit that can be eaten raw or used in goods such as jellies or pies.[11] The bark has medicinal uses as a tonic and to treat uterine disorders and malaria.[12]

Photo Gallery

References and notes

  1. ↑ Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draf of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 993. Print.
  3. ↑ Sorrie, B. A. and A. S. Weakley 2001. Coastal Plain valcular plant endemics: Phytogeographic patterns. Castanea 66: 50-82.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: July 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, H. Kurz, Ann F. Johnson, Angus Gholson, Wilson Baker, R. R. Smith, Robert K. Godfrey, Robert Kral, P. L. Redfearn, K. Craddock Burks, Bruce Hansen, G. Robinson, Andre F. Clewell, J. P. Gillespie, E. S. Ford, P. White, Bruce Nelson, L. B. Trott, Lloyd H. Shinners, Robert J Lemaire, A. G. Shuey, R.A. Norris, R. Komarek, Cecil R Slaughter, Michael Keys, Annie Schmidt. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Clay, Columbia, DeSoto, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Okaloosa, Osceola, Polk, Santa Rosa, St. Johns, Union, Wakulla, Walton. Georgia: Clinch, Thomas. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
  5. ↑ Moore, W.H., B.F. Swindel, and W.S. Terry. (1982). Vegetative Response to Clearcutting and Chopping in a North Florida Flatwoods Forest. Journal of Range Management 35(2):214-218.
  6. ↑ Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.
  7. ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 15 DEC 2016
  8. ↑ Glitzenstein, J. S., D. R. Streng, R. E. Masters, K. M. Robertson and S. M. Hermann 2012. Fire-frequency effects on vegetation in north Florida pinelands: Another look at the long-term Stoddard Fire Research Plots at Tall Timbers Research Station. Forest Ecology and Management 264: 197-209.
  9. ↑ Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.
  10. ↑ Discoverlife.org [1]
  11. ↑ Hardin, J.W., Arena, J.M. 1969. Human Poisoning from Native and Cultivated Plants. Duke University Press, Durham, North Carolina.
  12. ↑ Korchmal, Arnold & Connie. 1973. A Guide to the Medicinal Plants of the United States. The New York Times Book Company, New York.
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