Difference between revisions of "Rosa carolina"
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| + | Common names: Carolina Rose<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>, pasture rose<ref name= "goldbblum">Goldblum, D., et al. (2013). "The impact of seed mix weight on diversity and species composition in a tallgrass prairie restoration planting, Nachusa grasslands, Illinois, USA." Ecological Restoration 31(2): 154-167.</ref> | ||
<!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database --> | <!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database --> | ||
{{taxobox | {{taxobox | ||
| − | | name = | + | | name = Rosa carolina |
| − | | image = | + | | image = Rosa_carolina_IWL.jpg |
| − | | image_caption = Photo by | + | | image_caption = Photo by John Hilty hosted at [http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/pasture_rosex.htm IllinoisWildflowers.info] |
| regnum = Plantae | | regnum = Plantae | ||
| divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | | divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | ||
| − | | classis = | + | | classis = Magnoliopsida - Dicots |
| − | | ordo = | + | | ordo = Rosales |
| − | | familia = | + | | familia = Rosaceae |
| − | | genus = '' | + | | genus = ''Rosa'' |
| − | | species = ''''' | + | | species = '''''R. carolina''''' |
| − | | binomial = '' | + | | binomial = ''Rosa carolina'' |
| − | | binomial_authority = | + | | binomial_authority = L. |
| − | | range_map = | + | | range_map = ROSA_CARO_DIST.JPG |
| − | | range_map_caption = Natural range of '' | + | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Rosa carolina'' from USDA NRCS [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ROCAC Plants Database]. |
}} | }} | ||
==Taxonomic Notes== | ==Taxonomic Notes== | ||
| + | Synonym: ''R. lyoni'' (Pursh), ''R. serrulata'' (Rafinesque); ''R. lyoni''' Pursh; ''Rosa subserrulata'' (Rydberg) | ||
| + | |||
| + | Variety: ''R. carolina'' var. ''grandifolia'' (Baker) Rehder | ||
| + | |||
| + | Subspecies: ''Rosa carolina'' Linnaeus ssp. ''carolina''; ''Rosa carolina'' Linnaeus ssp. ''subserrulata'' (Rydberg) W.H. Lewis | ||
| + | |||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| + | ''R. carolina'' is a perennial subshrub of the Rosaceae family that is native to North America.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| + | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | ''Rosa carolina'' is found throughout the entire eastern United States as far west as Texas, as well as, Ontario and Quebec.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
| − | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | + | ===Habitat=== |
| − | + | Habitats for ''R. carolina'' include upland forests, wooddlands, pastures, and roadsides.<ref name= "Weakley"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.</ref> Specimens have been collected from pine-oak woodland, partial shade of a trail, full sun of a camping ground, edge of abandoned limestone quarry, upland oak woodland, and planted slash pine region.<ref name = "FSU herbarium"> URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Gary Knight, John Nelson, R.K. Godfery, Richard Mitchell, Rodie White, R. Komarek, William Platt, Bob Farley, D.C.F. States and counties: Florida (Alachua, Leon, Jackson) Georgia (Grady, Thomas)</ref> | |
| + | |||
| + | Coarse soils are ideal for ''R. carolina''. It has a high tolerance for drought and a medium tolerance for fire and shade.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> | ||
| + | <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Phenology=== | ||
| + | ''R. carolina'' has been observed to flower in April, May, and August with peak inflorescence in May.<ref name= "Pan Flora"> Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 29 MAY 2018</ref> | ||
| + | <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
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| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | ==Conservation and | + | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> |
| + | Populations of ''Rosa carolina'' have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.<ref>Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Pollination=== | ||
| + | ''R. carolina'' is visited by ground-nesting bees from the Andrenidae family (''Andrena arabis, A. crataegi, A. hippotes, A. miranda, A. nasonii, A. nivalis, A. thaspii, A. virginiana'' and ''A. w-scripta''), long-tongued bees from the Apidae family (''Bombus griseocollis'' and ''Xylocopa virginica'') and sweat bees from the Halictidae family (''Agapostemon virescens, Augochlora pura, Lasioglossum cinctipes, L. hitchensi, L. macoupinense, L. obscurum, L. truncatum'' and ''L. zonulum'').<ref>Discoverlife.org [https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Bidens+albaDiscoverlife.org|Discoverlife.org]</ref> | ||
| + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===<!--Common herbivores, granivory, insect hosting, poisonous chemicals, allelopathy, etc--> | ||
| + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | ||
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 10:27, 15 July 2022
Common names: Carolina Rose[1], pasture rose[2]
| Rosa carolina | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by John Hilty hosted at IllinoisWildflowers.info | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicots |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Genus: | Rosa |
| Species: | R. carolina |
| Binomial name | |
| Rosa carolina L. | |
| |
| Natural range of Rosa carolina from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonym: R. lyoni (Pursh), R. serrulata (Rafinesque); R. lyoni' Pursh; Rosa subserrulata (Rydberg)
Variety: R. carolina var. grandifolia (Baker) Rehder
Subspecies: Rosa carolina Linnaeus ssp. carolina; Rosa carolina Linnaeus ssp. subserrulata (Rydberg) W.H. Lewis
Description
R. carolina is a perennial subshrub of the Rosaceae family that is native to North America.[1]
Distribution
Rosa carolina is found throughout the entire eastern United States as far west as Texas, as well as, Ontario and Quebec.[1]
Ecology
Habitat
Habitats for R. carolina include upland forests, wooddlands, pastures, and roadsides.[3] Specimens have been collected from pine-oak woodland, partial shade of a trail, full sun of a camping ground, edge of abandoned limestone quarry, upland oak woodland, and planted slash pine region.[4]
Coarse soils are ideal for R. carolina. It has a high tolerance for drought and a medium tolerance for fire and shade.[1]
Phenology
R. carolina has been observed to flower in April, May, and August with peak inflorescence in May.[5]
Fire ecology
Populations of Rosa carolina have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.[6]
Pollination
R. carolina is visited by ground-nesting bees from the Andrenidae family (Andrena arabis, A. crataegi, A. hippotes, A. miranda, A. nasonii, A. nivalis, A. thaspii, A. virginiana and A. w-scripta), long-tongued bees from the Apidae family (Bombus griseocollis and Xylocopa virginica) and sweat bees from the Halictidae family (Agapostemon virescens, Augochlora pura, Lasioglossum cinctipes, L. hitchensi, L. macoupinense, L. obscurum, L. truncatum and L. zonulum).[7]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 USDA Plant Database
- ↑ Goldblum, D., et al. (2013). "The impact of seed mix weight on diversity and species composition in a tallgrass prairie restoration planting, Nachusa grasslands, Illinois, USA." Ecological Restoration 31(2): 154-167.
- ↑ Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Gary Knight, John Nelson, R.K. Godfery, Richard Mitchell, Rodie White, R. Komarek, William Platt, Bob Farley, D.C.F. States and counties: Florida (Alachua, Leon, Jackson) Georgia (Grady, Thomas)
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 29 MAY 2018
- ↑ Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.
- ↑ Discoverlife.org [1]
