Difference between revisions of "Pedicularis canadensis"
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| − | Common name: Canadian lousewort <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/>, eastern lousewort <ref name= "Weakley 2015"/>, wood-betony <ref name= "Weakley 2015"/> | + | Common name: Canadian lousewort<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/>, eastern lousewort<ref name= "Weakley 2015"/>, wood-betony<ref name= "Weakley 2015"/> |
<!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database --> | <!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database --> | ||
{{taxobox | {{taxobox | ||
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==Taxonomic Notes== | ==Taxonomic Notes== | ||
| − | Synonyms: | + | Synonyms: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
| − | Varieties: none | + | Varieties: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| − | ''P. canadensis'' is a perennial forb/herb/subshrub of the ''Scrophulariaceae'' family native to North America and Canada. <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"> USDA Plant Database [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PECA https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PECA] </ref> | + | ''P. canadensis'' is a perennial forb/herb/subshrub of the ''Scrophulariaceae'' family native to North America and Canada.<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"> USDA Plant Database [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PECA https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PECA] </ref> |
| + | |||
| + | The stems are unbranched and up to 20 cm tall. The peduncle is pubescent and the rachis is tomentose. Leaves are deeply dissected, pinnately lobed, 5-15 cm long, 1.5-5 cm wide, and mostly clustered at the base of the stem. They have an alternate arrangement, elliptic shape, and serrate margin. Flowers are borne in dense heads, two-lipped, 2 cm long, and 0.5 cm wide. The corolla is yellow or shaded with lavender with capsules that are 12-16 mm long. The capsule is 1 cm long and enclosed by green sepals. Seeds are about 10 per capsule, 5 mm long, with a brown color.<ref name= "Musselman and Mann 1978"> Musselman, L. J. and W. F. Mann, Jr (1978). Root parasites of southern forests. , USDA Forest Service, Southern For. Exp. Station, New Orleans, LA. Gen. Tech. Rpt. SO-20. : 76. </ref><ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | + | This plant ranges from Maine, Quebec, and Manitoba, south to northeastern and Panhandle Florida, Texas, and northern Mexico.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | |
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | ''P. canadensis'' proliferates in moist to dry forests and woodlands and streambanks. <ref name= "Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref> Specimens have been collected from loamy sand in hardwood forest, border of swamp area, and magnolia-beech-oak woods. | + | ''P. canadensis'' proliferates in moist to dry forests and woodlands and streambanks.<ref name= "Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref> Specimens have been collected from loamy sand in hardwood forest, border of swamp area, and magnolia-beech-oak woods.<ref name = "FSU herbarium"> URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Rodie White, R.K. Godfrey, William Platt, M. Carr. States and counties: Florida (Gadsden, Jackson, Leon, Washington, Wakulla) Georgia (Thomas, Grady)</ref> |
| + | |||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | ''P. canadensis'' | + | ''P. canadensis'' flowers from April through May and fruits from May through July.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | ''P. canadensis'' is not fire resistant, but has a medium fire tolerance | + | ''P. canadensis'' is not fire resistant, but has a medium fire tolerance;<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> despite this, populations have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.<ref>Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref> |
| − | < | + | |
| − | <!--=== | + | ===Pollination=== |
| − | <!--==Diseases and parasites==--> | + | ''P. canadensis'' is visited by leafcutting bees from the Megachilidae family such as ''Osmia collinsiae''.<ref>Discoverlife.org [https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Bidens+albaDiscoverlife.org|Discoverlife.org]</ref> |
| + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===--> <!--Common herbivores, granivory, insect hosting, poisonous chemicals, allelopathy, etc--> | ||
| + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | ==Conservation and | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 07:19, 15 July 2022
Common name: Canadian lousewort[1], eastern lousewort[2], wood-betony[2]
| Pedicularis canadensis | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by John Gwaltney hosted at Southeastern Flora.com | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicots |
| Order: | Scrophulariales |
| Family: | Scrophulariaceae |
| Genus: | Pedicularis |
| Species: | P. canadensis |
| Binomial name | |
| Pedicularis canadensis L. | |
| |
| Natural range of Pedicularis canadensis from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonyms: none.[3]
Varieties: none.[3]
Description
P. canadensis is a perennial forb/herb/subshrub of the Scrophulariaceae family native to North America and Canada.[1]
The stems are unbranched and up to 20 cm tall. The peduncle is pubescent and the rachis is tomentose. Leaves are deeply dissected, pinnately lobed, 5-15 cm long, 1.5-5 cm wide, and mostly clustered at the base of the stem. They have an alternate arrangement, elliptic shape, and serrate margin. Flowers are borne in dense heads, two-lipped, 2 cm long, and 0.5 cm wide. The corolla is yellow or shaded with lavender with capsules that are 12-16 mm long. The capsule is 1 cm long and enclosed by green sepals. Seeds are about 10 per capsule, 5 mm long, with a brown color.[4][3]
Distribution
This plant ranges from Maine, Quebec, and Manitoba, south to northeastern and Panhandle Florida, Texas, and northern Mexico.[3]
Ecology
Habitat
P. canadensis proliferates in moist to dry forests and woodlands and streambanks.[2] Specimens have been collected from loamy sand in hardwood forest, border of swamp area, and magnolia-beech-oak woods.[5]
Phenology
P. canadensis flowers from April through May and fruits from May through July.[3]
Fire ecology
P. canadensis is not fire resistant, but has a medium fire tolerance;[1] despite this, populations have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.[6]
Pollination
P. canadensis is visited by leafcutting bees from the Megachilidae family such as Osmia collinsiae.[7]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 USDA Plant Database https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PECA
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ Musselman, L. J. and W. F. Mann, Jr (1978). Root parasites of southern forests. , USDA Forest Service, Southern For. Exp. Station, New Orleans, LA. Gen. Tech. Rpt. SO-20. : 76.
- ↑ URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Rodie White, R.K. Godfrey, William Platt, M. Carr. States and counties: Florida (Gadsden, Jackson, Leon, Washington, Wakulla) Georgia (Thomas, Grady)
- ↑ Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.
- ↑ Discoverlife.org [1]
