Difference between revisions of "Aristida virgata"
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| − | Common name: | + | Common name: Arrowfeather Threeawn <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> |
<!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database --> | <!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database --> | ||
{{taxobox | {{taxobox | ||
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==Taxonomic Notes== | ==Taxonomic Notes== | ||
| − | Synonyms: | + | Synonyms: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
| − | Varieties: none | + | Varieties: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| − | ''A. virgata'' is a perennial graminoid of the ''Poaceae'' family native to North America. <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"> USDA Plant Database [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ARPUV https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ARPUV] </ref> | + | ''A. virgata'' is a perennial graminoid of the ''Poaceae'' family native to North America. <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"> USDA Plant Database [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ARPUV https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ARPUV] </ref> It is a tufted perennial reaching up to 1 m tall, with glabrous sheaths that can be longer or shorter than the internodes. Leaf blades flat to curling, panicles narrow with loosely to densely arranged flowers. Central awn is reflexed and twice as thick at the lateral awns.<ref name= "Allred">Allred, K. W. (1986). "Studies in the Aristida (Gramineae) of the southeastern United States. IV. Key and conspectus." Rhodora 88(855): 367-387.</ref> |
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
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==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | ''A. virgata'' proliferates in moist to wet pine savannas, wet pine flatwoods, mountain bogs, and other moist habitats. <ref name= "Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref> | + | ''A. virgata'' proliferates in moist to wet pine savannas, wet pine flatwoods, mountain bogs, and other moist habitats. <ref name= "Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref> Specimens have been collected from open pine savanna near a marsh edge. <ref name = "FSU herbarium"> URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Jennifer M. Fill States and counties: South Carolina (Colleton)</ref> In Florida, ''A. virgata'' has been found to be frequent in the communities it is found.<ref name= "Carr">Carr, S. C., et al. (2010). "A Vegetation Classification of Fire-Dependent Pinelands of Florida." Castanea 75(2): 153-189.</ref> |
| + | |||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
''A. virgata'' does not hold up well against transplanting. <ref name= "Aschenbach 2010"> Aschenbach, T. A., et al. (2010). "The initial phase of a longleaf pine-wiregrass savanna restoration: species establishment and community responses." Restoration Ecology 18(5): 762-771. </ref> | ''A. virgata'' does not hold up well against transplanting. <ref name= "Aschenbach 2010"> Aschenbach, T. A., et al. (2010). "The initial phase of a longleaf pine-wiregrass savanna restoration: species establishment and community responses." Restoration Ecology 18(5): 762-771. </ref> | ||
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
| − | + | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | |
| − | <!--===Pollination===--> | + | ''A. virgata'' flourishes when the following burning treatments are applied: periodic summer and annual winter. <ref name= "Lewis and Harshbarger 1976"> Lewis, C. E. and T. J. Harshbarger (1976). "Shrub and herbaceous vegetation after 20 years of prescribed burning in the South Carolina coastal plain." Journal of Range Management 29(1): 13-18. </ref> |
| − | + | ||
| + | <!--===Pollination===--> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Herbivory and toxicology===<!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | ||
| + | ''A. virgata'' has poor forage value,<ref name= "Hilman 1964"> Hilmon, J. B. (1964). "Plants of the Caloosa Experimental Range " U.S. Forest Service Research Paper SE-12 </ref> but can be grazed by cattle for a short time after a burn in the spring or winter. Heavy grazing will cause this species to decrease.<ref name= "Forestland Grazing">Byrd, Nathan A. (1980). "Forestland Grazing: A Guide For Service Foresters In The South." U.S. Department of Agriculture.</ref> | ||
<!--==Diseases and parasites==--> | <!--==Diseases and parasites==--> | ||
| − | ==Conservation and | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
''A. virgata'' is listed as: a "special concern" species by the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, endangered by the Maryland Natural Heritage Program, and threatened by the Massachusetts Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program, the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, and the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management. <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> | ''A. virgata'' is listed as: a "special concern" species by the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, endangered by the Maryland Natural Heritage Program, and threatened by the Massachusetts Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program, the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, and the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management. <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> | ||
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 13:50, 15 June 2022
Common name: Arrowfeather Threeawn [1]
| Aristida virgata | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by the Atlas of Florida Plants Database | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Liliopsida - Moncots |
| Order: | Cyperales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Genus: | Aristida |
| Species: | A. virgata |
| Binomial name | |
| Aristida virgata Trinius | |
| |
| Natural range of Aristida virgata from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonyms: none.[2]
Varieties: none.[2]
Description
A. virgata is a perennial graminoid of the Poaceae family native to North America. [1] It is a tufted perennial reaching up to 1 m tall, with glabrous sheaths that can be longer or shorter than the internodes. Leaf blades flat to curling, panicles narrow with loosely to densely arranged flowers. Central awn is reflexed and twice as thick at the lateral awns.[3]
Distribution
A. virgata can be found in the southeastern United States from Texas to New York. [1]
Ecology
Habitat
A. virgata proliferates in moist to wet pine savannas, wet pine flatwoods, mountain bogs, and other moist habitats. [4] Specimens have been collected from open pine savanna near a marsh edge. [5] In Florida, A. virgata has been found to be frequent in the communities it is found.[6]
Phenology
A. virgata does not hold up well against transplanting. [7]
Fire ecology
A. virgata flourishes when the following burning treatments are applied: periodic summer and annual winter. [8]
Herbivory and toxicology
A. virgata has poor forage value,[9] but can be grazed by cattle for a short time after a burn in the spring or winter. Heavy grazing will cause this species to decrease.[10]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
A. virgata is listed as: a "special concern" species by the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, endangered by the Maryland Natural Heritage Program, and threatened by the Massachusetts Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program, the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, and the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management. [1]
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 USDA Plant Database https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ARPUV
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ Allred, K. W. (1986). "Studies in the Aristida (Gramineae) of the southeastern United States. IV. Key and conspectus." Rhodora 88(855): 367-387.
- ↑ Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Jennifer M. Fill States and counties: South Carolina (Colleton)
- ↑ Carr, S. C., et al. (2010). "A Vegetation Classification of Fire-Dependent Pinelands of Florida." Castanea 75(2): 153-189.
- ↑ Aschenbach, T. A., et al. (2010). "The initial phase of a longleaf pine-wiregrass savanna restoration: species establishment and community responses." Restoration Ecology 18(5): 762-771.
- ↑ Lewis, C. E. and T. J. Harshbarger (1976). "Shrub and herbaceous vegetation after 20 years of prescribed burning in the South Carolina coastal plain." Journal of Range Management 29(1): 13-18.
- ↑ Hilmon, J. B. (1964). "Plants of the Caloosa Experimental Range " U.S. Forest Service Research Paper SE-12
- ↑ Byrd, Nathan A. (1980). "Forestland Grazing: A Guide For Service Foresters In The South." U.S. Department of Agriculture.
