Difference between revisions of "Nuttallanthus floridanus"
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Carrington (1997) found that germination depends on seeds accumulated in a persistent seed bank to maintain populations between disturbances. | Carrington (1997) found that germination depends on seeds accumulated in a persistent seed bank to maintain populations between disturbances. | ||
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| − | ===Pollination=== | + | ===Pollination and use by animals=== |
| − | Pollen is required for fruit and seed development. It is completely cross-incompatible with other ''Nuttallanthus'' species due to the amount of genetic divergence between species and isolation.<ref name="Phillip and Elisens 2006"/> | + | Pollen is required for fruit and seed development. It is completely cross-incompatible with other ''Nuttallanthus'' species due to the amount of genetic divergence between species and isolation.<ref name="Phillip and Elisens 2006"/> The following Hymenoptera species were observed visiting flowers of ''Linaria floridana'' at the Archbold Biological Station:<ref>Deyrup, M.A. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowering plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.</ref> |
| − | + | Sweat bees from the family Halictidae: ''Lasioglossum nymphalis'', ''Lasioglossum pectoralis'', ''Lasioglossum puteulanum'' | |
| − | + | Leafcutting bees from the family Megachilidae: ''Anthidiellum notatum rufomaculatum'', ''Megachile brevis pseudobrevis'', ''Megachile georgica'', ''Osmia sandhouse'' | |
| − | + | Thread-waisted wasps from the family Sphecidae: ''Tachysphex similis'' | |
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| − | Sphecidae: ''Tachysphex similis'' | ||
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Revision as of 14:30, 22 June 2021
| Nuttallanthus floridanus | |
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| Photo by John R. Gwaltney, Southeastern Flora.com | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Tracheophyta - Vascular plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Plantaginaceae |
| Genus: | Nuttallanthus |
| Species: | N. floridanus |
| Binomial name | |
| Nuttallanthus floridanus (Chapm.) D.A. Sutton | |
| |
| Natural range of Nuttallanthus floridanus from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common names: Apalachicola toadflax; Florida toadflax[1]
Contents
[hide]Taxonomic notes
Synonym: Linaria floridana Chapman.[1]
Varieties: none.[1]
The genus Nuttallanthus was separated from Linaria in 1988 by Sutton due to the floral and seed characteristics. [2]
Description
This species is an annual herb that produces bluish, bilabiate, and spurred flowers that attract a variety of insects.[2]
Distribution
N. floridanus is a narrowly distributed species occurring in the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plain in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and Mississippi.[2]
Ecology
Habitat
Habitats include sparsely vegetated white sands along lakes, scrubs, sand dunes, and dry sandhills.[3] It has been observed growing in disturbed areas such as roadsides. Associated species include Krigia virginica and Crocanthemum.[4]
Phenology
This species flowers and fruits in March.[4]
It is an autogamous species and produces both cleistogamous and chasmogamous flowers. The cleistogamous flowers are produced early and late in the life cycle and the chasmogamous flowers are self-pollinated before anthesis and attract insects after anthesis.[2]
Seed dispersal
The seeds are small and lack obvious dispersal mechanisms.[5]
Seed bank and germination
Carrington (1997) found that germination depends on seeds accumulated in a persistent seed bank to maintain populations between disturbances.
Pollination and use by animals
Pollen is required for fruit and seed development. It is completely cross-incompatible with other Nuttallanthus species due to the amount of genetic divergence between species and isolation.[2] The following Hymenoptera species were observed visiting flowers of Linaria floridana at the Archbold Biological Station:[6]
Sweat bees from the family Halictidae: Lasioglossum nymphalis, Lasioglossum pectoralis, Lasioglossum puteulanum
Leafcutting bees from the family Megachilidae: Anthidiellum notatum rufomaculatum, Megachile brevis pseudobrevis, Megachile georgica, Osmia sandhouse
Thread-waisted wasps from the family Sphecidae: Tachysphex similis
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
Nuttallanthus floridanus flowers Photo by John R. Gwaltney, Southeastern Flora.com
Nuttallanthus floridanus flowers Photo by John R. Gwaltney, Southeastern Flora.com
References and notes
- ↑ Jump up to: 1.0 1.1 1.2 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ Jump up to: 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Phillip, T. C. and W. J. Elisens (2006). "Genetic Variation and Reproductive System among North American Species of Nuttallanthus (Plantaginaceae)." American Journal of Botany 93(4): 582-591.
- Jump up ↑ [[1]]Accessed: January 20, 2016
- ↑ Jump up to: 4.0 4.1 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: February 2016. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Robert K. Godfrey, R. Kral, and Helen Roth. States and Counties: Florida: Franklin, Gadsden, Leon, Marion, and Wakulla.
- Jump up ↑ Carrington, M. E. (1997). "Soil Seed Bank Structure and Composition in Florida Sand Pine Scrub." American Midland Naturalist 137(1): 39-47.
- Jump up ↑ Deyrup, M.A. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowering plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
