Difference between revisions of "Erigeron strigosus"
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| − | ''E. strigosus'' consists of approximately 5-10% of the diet for various large mammals.<ref>Miller, J.H., and K.V. Miller. 1999. Forest plants of the southeast and their wildlife uses. Southern Weed Science Society.</ref> This species supports conservation biological control through attracting predatory or parasitoid insects that in turn prey upon pest insects.<ref name= "lady bird"/> | + | ''E. strigosus'' consists of approximately 5-10% of the diet for various large mammals.<ref>Miller, J.H., and K.V. Miller. 1999. Forest plants of the southeast and their wildlife uses. Southern Weed Science Society.</ref> In the springtime, it is foraged by white-tailed deer.<ref>Gee, K. L., et al. (1994). White-tailed deer: their foods and management in the cross timbers. Ardmore, OK, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation.</ref> This species supports conservation biological control through attracting predatory or parasitoid insects that in turn prey upon pest insects.<ref name= "lady bird"/> |
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Revision as of 10:04, 9 May 2019
| Erigeron strigosus | |
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.JPG)
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| Photo taken by Kevin Robertson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae |
| Genus: | Erigeron |
| Species: | E. strigosus |
| Binomial name | |
| Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. | |
| |
| Natural range of Erigeron strigosus from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common names: Prairie fleabane; Common eastern fleabane
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: E. strigosus var. beyrichii (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Torr. & A. Gray ex A. Gray; E. ramosus (Walter) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg
Varieties: Erigeron strigosus Muhlenberg ex Wildenow var. calcicola J. Allison; Erigeron strigosus Muhlenberg ex Wildenow var. dolomiticola J. Allison; Erigeron strigosus Muhlenberg ex Willdenow var. septentrionalis (Fernald & Wiegand) Fernald; Erigeron strigosus Muhlenberg ex Wildenow var. strigosus
Description
A description of Erigeron strigosus is provided in The Flora of North America.
Distribution
Generally, E. strigosus can be found across the United States and Canada in all provinces except the northern provinces, and all states but Alaska, Hawaii, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona.[1] E. strigosus var. calcicola is found in the central basin of Tennessee, northwest Georgia, and northern Alabama. E. strigosus var. dolomiticola is endemic to Bibb county in Alabama. E. strigosus var. septentrionalis is scattered across northern North America, south to New York, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Wyoming, and California. Lastly E. strigosus var. strigosus is distributed from Nova Scotia west to Washington state, and south to central peninsular Florida as well as Texas.[2]
Ecology
Habitat
E. strigosus var. calcicola can be found in limestone glades, var. dolomiticola can be found in calcareous Ketona glades, var. septentrionalis can be found in roadsides and other disturbed areas, and var. strigosus can be found in open woodlands as well as roadsides and other disturbed areas.[2] In the Coastal Plain, E. strigosus can occur in upland old fields, sandy floodplains, turkey oak forests, lake shores, sandhill scrub oak-wiregrass communities, open oak woods, boggy slopes of longleaf pine savannas, and open limestone glades. In human disturbed areas it has been found along sandy roadsides, vacant lots, a disturbed sandhill growing with planted Pinus palustris and disturbed longleaf pine restoration sites. Soils include sand, sandy clay, loamy sand and sandy loam. [3]
Associated species include Liatris, Panicum, Leptoloma cognata, Baptisia megacarpa, Festuca, Piptochaetium, Verbena, Pinus palustris, Hymenopappus scabiosaeus, Phlox floridana, Stillingia sylvatica, Asimina longifolia var. spathulata, Lactuca graminifolia, Stylosanthes biflora, Erigeron strigosa, Baptisia lanceolata, Hedyotis crassifolia, Pterocauloon undulatum, Asclepias humistrata, Quercus hemisphaerica, Rhynchospora divergens, and Allium canadense. [3]
Phenology
E. strigosus has been observed flowering in February through October with peak inflorescence in May.[4][3] For the varieties, var. calcicola flowers from April or May until October, var. dolomiticola flowers from late May until October, and var. strigosus flowers from late April until October.[2]
Seed dispersal
This species is thought to be dispersed by wind.[5]
Seed bank and germination
It is commonly found in the seed bank in the areas it is found, and germination rates increase after a fire disturbance. However, germination rates were seen to decrease with annual fire disturbance compared to four year burn regiments.[6]
Fire ecology
E. strigosus commonly germinates in response to fire disturbance, and germination rates increase with fire disturbance rather than with no disturbance.[6] Increasing fire frequency overall has a positive affect on this species as well.[7]
Pollination
The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of Erigeron strigosus at Archbold Biological Station. [8]
Halictidae: Agapostemon splendens, Augochlorella aurata, Halictus poeyi, Lasioglossum placidensis
Other pollinators of E. strigosus in the Hymenoptera order include Dialictus placidensis and Halictus ligatus.[9] This species is considered to be of special value since it attracts a large number of native bees for pollination.[10]
Use by animals
E. strigosus consists of approximately 5-10% of the diet for various large mammals.[11] In the springtime, it is foraged by white-tailed deer.[12] This species supports conservation biological control through attracting predatory or parasitoid insects that in turn prey upon pest insects.[10]
Conservation and management
This species is considered to be weedy or invasive in Nebraska and the Great Plains region of the United States.[1]
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 USDA, NRCS. (2016). The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 8 May 2019). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Wilson Baker, Andre F. Clewell, R.F. Doren, Patricia Elliot, Richard Gaskalla, J.P. Gillespie, R. K. Godfrey, H.E. Grelen, Brenda Herring, Don Herring, E.M. Hodgson, C. Jackson, Ann F. Johnson, J.M. Kane, Gary R. Knight, R. Komarek, R. Kral, Richard Mitchell, R. A. Norris, Gwynn W. Ramsey, Paul L. Redfearn Jr. , Bian Tan, L.B. Trott, B. L. Turner. States and Counties: Alabama: Limestone. Florida: Calhoun, Columbia, Franklin, Gadsden, Hamilton, Leon, Liberty, Jackson, Jefferson, Madison, Marion, Nassau, Okaloosa, Polk, Putnam, Suwannee, Union, Wakulla. Georgia: Grady, Thomas. Louisiana: Caldwell. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 9 DEC 2016
- ↑ Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Abrams, M. (1988). "Effects of Burning Regime on Buried Seed Banks and Canopy Coverage in a Kansas Tallgrass Prairie." The Southwestern Naturalists 33(1): 65-70.
- ↑ Burton, J. A. (2009). Fire frequency effects on vegetation of an upland old growth forest in eastern Oklahoma. Environmental Science. Stillwater, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State University. Bachelor: 78.
- ↑ Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
- ↑ Deyrup, M. J. E., and Beth Norden (2002). "The diversity and floral hosts of bees at the Archbold Biological Station, Florida (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)." Insecta mundi 16(1-3).
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 [[1]] Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: May 9, 2019
- ↑ Miller, J.H., and K.V. Miller. 1999. Forest plants of the southeast and their wildlife uses. Southern Weed Science Society.
- ↑ Gee, K. L., et al. (1994). White-tailed deer: their foods and management in the cross timbers. Ardmore, OK, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation.
