Difference between revisions of "Commelina erecta"
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| + | ===Use by animals=== <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | ||
| + | ''C. erecta'' consists of approximately 10-25% of the diet for large mammals, and 5-10% of the diet for terrestrial birds.<ref name= "Everitt">Everitt, J.H., D.L. Drawe, and R.I. Lonard. 1999. Field guide to the broad leaved herbaceous plants of South Texas used by livestock and wildlife. Texas Tech University Press. Lubbock.</ref> | ||
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Revision as of 09:11, 15 April 2019
| Commelina erecta | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Tom Miller, Apalachicola National Forest, FL | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Liliopsida – Monocotyledons |
| Order: | Commelinales |
| Family: | Commelinaceae |
| Genus: | Commelina |
| Species: | C. erecta |
| Binomial name | |
| Commelina erecta L. | |
| |
| Natural range of Commelina erecta from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: Whitemouth Dayflower; Erect Dayflower; Sand Dayflower
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: Commelina angustifolia Michaux; C. crispa Wooton; C. elegans Kunth The Flora of North America.
Varieties: C. erecta Linnaeus var. angustifolia (Michaux) Fernald; C. erecta Linnaeus var. erecta
Description
A description of Commelina erecta is provided in The Flora of North America. In Collier County, FL, an albino form was observed.[1] C. erecta var. angustifolia is a trailing plant that can have stems reach as long as 1.3 meters.[2]
Distribution
C. erecta var. angustifolia is distributed from east North Carolina to south Florida, as well as Texas, Iowa, northwest Nebraska, New Mexico, and Colorado. However, C. erecta var. erecta is distributed from Pennsylvania to Missouri and east Kansas to Florida and Texas.[2]
Ecology
Habitat
C. erecta var. angustifolia can be found in sandhills and other sandy dry sites, dunes and sand flats on barrier islands, and shale barrens and other rocky areas. C. erecta var. erecta can be found in streambanks, woodlands and dry openings, riverbanks, and mesic forests.[2] Overall, this species can be seen as a dry to mesic species across its wide native range, since it is listed as a facultative, facultative upland, and obligate upland species that can occur in non-wetlands mostly but also wetland communities.[3]
Phenology
C. erecta has been observed flowering from May to November with peak inflorescence in June and July.[4][2] In repeated annual censuses conducted in October in permanently marked plots in native longleaf pine-wiregrass communities in southern Georgia, C. erecta appeared only in certain years, seemingly in particularly wet years, and was fairly common in the years that it appeared.[5]
Seed dispersal
This species is thought to be dispersed by gravity. [6]
Pollination
In Daytona Beach, FL, the pollen-feeding bee fly (Poecilognathus punctipennis) was observed visiting C. erecta[7] and performing their unique foraging behavior.[8] The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of Commelina erecta at Archbold Biological Station:[9]
Halictidae: Augochlorella aurata, Augochloropsis metallica, A. sumptuosa, Lasioglossum nymphalis, L. placidensis
Megachilidae: Megachile brevis pseudobrevis
Use by animals
C. erecta consists of approximately 10-25% of the diet for large mammals, and 5-10% of the diet for terrestrial birds.[10]
Conservation and management
This species is listed as endangered by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Energy, as threatened by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, as extirpated by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, and as probably extirpated by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources.[3]
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
Photo by Gil Nelson
References and notes
- ↑ Observation by Roger Hammer in CREW Marsh, Collier County, FL, May 23, 2017, posted to Florida Flora and Ecosystematics Facebook Group May 23, 2017.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 USDA, NRCS. (2016). The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 15 April 2019). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 7 DEC 2016
- ↑ Robertson, K.M. 2017 Pebble Hill Fire Plots database. Tall Timbers Research, Inc., Tallahassee, Florida.
- ↑ Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.
- ↑ Observation by Peter May in Tiger Bay State Forest, Daytona Beach, FL, May 23, 2017, posted to Florida Flora and Ecosystematics Facebook Group May 23, 2017.
- ↑ Deyrup MA (1988) Pollen-feeding in Poecilognathus punctipennis (Diptera: Bombyliidae). The Florida Entomologist 71(4):597-605.
- ↑ Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
- ↑ Everitt, J.H., D.L. Drawe, and R.I. Lonard. 1999. Field guide to the broad leaved herbaceous plants of South Texas used by livestock and wildlife. Texas Tech University Press. Lubbock.
