Difference between revisions of "Smilax auriculata"
| Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| + | It can be found in xeric areas with well-drained, sandy soils (Menges and Kohfeldt 1995; Foster and Schmalzer 2003). | ||
| + | Oak-saw palmetto scrub (Foster and Schmalzer 2003). | ||
| + | Scrubby flatwoods (which include oaks, dwarf palmettos and ericads)-Olano et al 2006. | ||
| + | “Fire is the primary ecological disturbance in this ecosystem…”(Olano et al 2006). | ||
| + | “Southern Xeric Longleaf Pine Woodlands” classification according to Peet and Allard 1993, states Provencher et al 2001, where it includes P. palustris, Q. laevis, Q. incana, Sporobolus junceus, and Licania michauxii – where Smilax auriculata is accounted for most of the groundcover density (Rodgers and Provencher 1999) – Provencher et al 2001. | ||
| + | Occurred in a mixed stand of slash and longleaf pine; soils were mainly sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Ultic haplaquod of the Pomona series (Moore et al 2982). | ||
| + | It can be found in scrub and sandhill communities (Menges and Kohfeldt 1995; Reinhart et al 2004). | ||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| + | “is a woody vine with large specializes storage organs enabling rapid postfire recovery.” – Olano et al 2006. | ||
===Seed dispersal=== | ===Seed dispersal=== | ||
===Seed bank and germination=== | ===Seed bank and germination=== | ||
| + | It can reproduce by resprouting, clonal spreading, and seeding (Menges and Kohfeldt 1995). | ||
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| + | It increases in abundance after fire (Menges and Kohfeldt 1995). Its rapid recovery post-fire can be attributed to large specialized storage organs (Olano et al 2006). However, Greenberg found out that S. auriculata decreased to almost nonexistent following a May fire (2003). This suggests that season of burning is important for this species. | ||
===Pollination=== | ===Pollination=== | ||
===Use by animals=== <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | ===Use by animals=== <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | ||
| + | S. auriculata was found in 5.5% of the Gopherus polyphemus scat observed by Carlson and her team (2003). Thus, the gopher tortoise can serve as an agent of seed dispersal. | ||
| + | Deyrup (2002) observed these bees, Augochlora pura, Coelioxys dolichos, Megachile mendica, M. xylocopoides, Apis mellifera, Xylocopa micans, X. virginica krombeini, on S. auriculata. | ||
===Diseases and parasites=== | ===Diseases and parasites=== | ||
==Conservation and Management== | ==Conservation and Management== | ||
==Cultivation and restoration== | ==Cultivation and restoration== | ||
| + | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
| − | + | Menges, E. S. and N. M. Kohfeldt (1992). Life history strategies of scrub plants in relation to fire [abstract]. History and Ecology of the Florida scrub, Lake Placid, FL, Archbold Biological Station. | |
| + | |||
| + | Carlson, J. E., E. S. Menges, et al. (2003). "Seed dispersal by Gopherus polyphemus at Archbold Biological Station, Florida." Florida Scientist 66: 147-154. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Deyrup, M. and L. Deyrup (2012). "The diversity of insects visiting flowers of saw palmetto (Arecaceae)." Florida Entomologist 95(3): 711-730. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Olano, J. M., E. S. Menges, et al. (2006). "Carbohydrate storage in five resprouting Florida scrub plants across a fire chronosequence." New Phytologist 170: 99-105. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Greenberg, C. H. (2003). "Vegetation recovery and stand structure following a prescribed stand-replacement burn in sand pine scrub." Natural Areas Journal 23: 141-151. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Menges, E. and N. Kohfeldt (1995). "Life History Strategies of Florida Scrub Plants in Relation to Fire." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 122(4): 282-297 | ||
| + | |||
| + | Schmalzer, P. A., S. R. Turek, et al. (2002). "Reestablishing Florida scrub in a former agricultural site: survival and growth of planted species and changes in community composition." Castanea 67: 146-160. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Provencher, L. M., B. J. Herring, et al. (2001). "Effects of hardwood reduction techniques on longleaf pine sandhill vegetation in northwest Florida." Restoration Ecology 9: 13-27. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Moore, W. H., B. F. Swindel, et al. (1982). "Vegetative response to prescribed fire in a north Florida flatwoods forest." Journal of Range Management 35: 386-389. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Reinhart, K. O. and E. S. Menges (2004). "Effects of re-introducing fire to a central Florida sandhill community." Applied Vegetation Science 7: 141-150. | ||
Revision as of 07:27, 22 June 2015
| Smilax auriculata | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo taken by Gil Nelson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants |
| Class: | Liliopsida – Monocotyledons |
| Order: | Liliales |
| Family: | Smilacaceae |
| Genus: | Smilax |
| Species: | S. auriculata |
| Binomial name | |
| Smilax auriculata Walter | |
| |
| Natural range of Smilax auriculata from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Description
Distribution
Ecology
Habitat
It can be found in xeric areas with well-drained, sandy soils (Menges and Kohfeldt 1995; Foster and Schmalzer 2003). Oak-saw palmetto scrub (Foster and Schmalzer 2003). Scrubby flatwoods (which include oaks, dwarf palmettos and ericads)-Olano et al 2006. “Fire is the primary ecological disturbance in this ecosystem…”(Olano et al 2006). “Southern Xeric Longleaf Pine Woodlands” classification according to Peet and Allard 1993, states Provencher et al 2001, where it includes P. palustris, Q. laevis, Q. incana, Sporobolus junceus, and Licania michauxii – where Smilax auriculata is accounted for most of the groundcover density (Rodgers and Provencher 1999) – Provencher et al 2001. Occurred in a mixed stand of slash and longleaf pine; soils were mainly sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Ultic haplaquod of the Pomona series (Moore et al 2982). It can be found in scrub and sandhill communities (Menges and Kohfeldt 1995; Reinhart et al 2004).
Phenology
“is a woody vine with large specializes storage organs enabling rapid postfire recovery.” – Olano et al 2006.
Seed dispersal
Seed bank and germination
It can reproduce by resprouting, clonal spreading, and seeding (Menges and Kohfeldt 1995).
Fire ecology
It increases in abundance after fire (Menges and Kohfeldt 1995). Its rapid recovery post-fire can be attributed to large specialized storage organs (Olano et al 2006). However, Greenberg found out that S. auriculata decreased to almost nonexistent following a May fire (2003). This suggests that season of burning is important for this species.
Pollination
Use by animals
S. auriculata was found in 5.5% of the Gopherus polyphemus scat observed by Carlson and her team (2003). Thus, the gopher tortoise can serve as an agent of seed dispersal. Deyrup (2002) observed these bees, Augochlora pura, Coelioxys dolichos, Megachile mendica, M. xylocopoides, Apis mellifera, Xylocopa micans, X. virginica krombeini, on S. auriculata.
Diseases and parasites
Conservation and Management
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
References and notes
Menges, E. S. and N. M. Kohfeldt (1992). Life history strategies of scrub plants in relation to fire [abstract]. History and Ecology of the Florida scrub, Lake Placid, FL, Archbold Biological Station.
Carlson, J. E., E. S. Menges, et al. (2003). "Seed dispersal by Gopherus polyphemus at Archbold Biological Station, Florida." Florida Scientist 66: 147-154.
Deyrup, M. and L. Deyrup (2012). "The diversity of insects visiting flowers of saw palmetto (Arecaceae)." Florida Entomologist 95(3): 711-730.
Olano, J. M., E. S. Menges, et al. (2006). "Carbohydrate storage in five resprouting Florida scrub plants across a fire chronosequence." New Phytologist 170: 99-105.
Greenberg, C. H. (2003). "Vegetation recovery and stand structure following a prescribed stand-replacement burn in sand pine scrub." Natural Areas Journal 23: 141-151.
Menges, E. and N. Kohfeldt (1995). "Life History Strategies of Florida Scrub Plants in Relation to Fire." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 122(4): 282-297
Schmalzer, P. A., S. R. Turek, et al. (2002). "Reestablishing Florida scrub in a former agricultural site: survival and growth of planted species and changes in community composition." Castanea 67: 146-160.
Provencher, L. M., B. J. Herring, et al. (2001). "Effects of hardwood reduction techniques on longleaf pine sandhill vegetation in northwest Florida." Restoration Ecology 9: 13-27.
Moore, W. H., B. F. Swindel, et al. (1982). "Vegetative response to prescribed fire in a north Florida flatwoods forest." Journal of Range Management 35: 386-389.
Reinhart, K. O. and E. S. Menges (2004). "Effects of re-introducing fire to a central Florida sandhill community." Applied Vegetation Science 7: 141-150.
