Difference between revisions of "Juncus effusus"
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| + | Common name: lamp rush<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/>, soft rush<ref name= "Weakley 2015"/>, common rush<ref name= "Weakley 2015"/> | ||
<!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database --> | <!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database --> | ||
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==Taxonomic Notes== | ==Taxonomic Notes== | ||
| − | Synonyms: ''Juncus | + | Synonyms: ''Juncus griscomii'' Fernald.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
| − | Varieties: none | + | Varieties: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | Subspecies: ''Juncus effusus Linnaeus ssp. effusus''; ''Juncus effusus Linnaeus ssp. solutus'' (Fernald & Wiegand).<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| + | ''J. effusus'' is a perennial graminoid of the ''Juncaceae'' family native to North America and introduced in Hawaii.<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"> USDA Plant Database [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=JUEFS https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=JUEFS] </ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | ''J. effusus'' is found in the eastern half of the United States from Colorado and New Mexico to Maine, as well as Hawaii.<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | A native of Europe, ''Juncus effusus'' ssp. ''effusus'' is widespread and overlooked throughout its range.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | The range of ''Juncus effusus'' ssp. ''solutus'' extends north into Newfoundland and Minnesota, then south in Florida and Mexico.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | < | + | ''Juncus effusus'' is found in moist soil, marshes, margins of streams, ponds, lakes, swamps, and low meadows.<ref name= "Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref> Specimens have been collected from a wet ditch, pine forest in swamp bed, wet flatwoods, flooded pastures, seepage bog, moist sandy loam, shallow water, floodplain forest, and the edge of woods.<ref name = "FSU herbarium"> URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Lisa keppner, Ed Keppner, R.F. Doren, R. Komarek, R.S. Blaisdell, R.K. Godfrey, K.M. Meyer, A. Townesmith, Loran C. Anderson, Cecil Slaughter, Dianne Hall, Kim Ponzio, K. MacClendon, V. Craig, M. Boothe, Alush Shilom Ton, D.E. Breedlove, A. Mast, Chris Buddenhagen, Annie Schmidt, John Kunzer, Peter Zika. States and counties: Florida ( Bay, Marion, Leon, Columbia, Taylor, Brevard, Calhoun, Santa Rosa, Wakulla, Gadsden, Liberty, Holmes, De Soto, washington, Gulf) Oregon (Morrow) Georgia (Grady)</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | ''J. effusus'' was found to increase in frequency in response to soil disturbance by clearcutting and chopping in north Florida flatwoods forests. It has shown regrowth in reestablished native flatwood habitat that was disturbed by these practices.<ref>Moore, W.H., B.F. Swindel, and W.S. Terry. (1982). Vegetative Response to Clearcutting and Chopping in a North Florida Flatwoods Forest. Journal of Range Management 35(2):214-218.</ref> Furthermore, ''J. effusus'' was found to be an increaser in its short-term response to single mechanical soil disturbances.<ref name=Dixon>Dixon, C. M., K. M. Robertson, A. M. Reid and M. T. Rother. 2024. Mechanical soil disturbance in a pine savanna has multiyear effects on plant species composition. Ecosphere 15(2):e4759.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| + | ''J. effusus'' flowers June through September.<ref name= "PanFlora"> Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 22 MAY 2018 </ref> | ||
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
<!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | <!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | <!--=== | + | <!--===Pollinations===--> |
| − | + | ===Herbivory and toxicology=== <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | |
| − | <!--==Diseases and parasites==--> | + | ''J. effusus'' has been observed to host planthoppers from the Delphacidae family such as ''Conomelus anceps'' and ''Nothodelphax occlusa''.<ref>Discoverlife.org [https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Bidens+albaDiscoverlife.org|Discoverlife.org]</ref> ''J. effusus'' is readily eaten by marsh rabbits.<ref name= "Blair 1936"> Blair, W. F. (1936). "The Florida marsh rabbit." Journal of Mammalogy 17(3): 197-207. </ref> It is also among the 14 major fall-early winter south Florida deer foods.<ref name= "Quarterly Journal"> Harlow, R. F. (1961). "Fall and winter foods of Florida white-tailed deer." The Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 24(1): 19-38. </ref> |
| + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | ==Conservation and | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 14:51, 2 August 2024
Common name: lamp rush[1], soft rush[2], common rush[2]
| Juncus effusus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by the Illinois Wildflowers Database | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Liliopsida - Moncots |
| Order: | Juncales |
| Family: | Juncaceae |
| Genus: | Juncus |
| Species: | J. effusus |
| Binomial name | |
| Juncus effusus L. | |
| |
| Natural range of Juncus effusus from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonyms: Juncus griscomii Fernald.[3]
Varieties: none.[3]
Subspecies: Juncus effusus Linnaeus ssp. effusus; Juncus effusus Linnaeus ssp. solutus (Fernald & Wiegand).[3]
Description
J. effusus is a perennial graminoid of the Juncaceae family native to North America and introduced in Hawaii.[1]
Distribution
J. effusus is found in the eastern half of the United States from Colorado and New Mexico to Maine, as well as Hawaii.[1]
A native of Europe, Juncus effusus ssp. effusus is widespread and overlooked throughout its range.[3]
The range of Juncus effusus ssp. solutus extends north into Newfoundland and Minnesota, then south in Florida and Mexico.[3]
Ecology
Habitat
Juncus effusus is found in moist soil, marshes, margins of streams, ponds, lakes, swamps, and low meadows.[2] Specimens have been collected from a wet ditch, pine forest in swamp bed, wet flatwoods, flooded pastures, seepage bog, moist sandy loam, shallow water, floodplain forest, and the edge of woods.[4]
J. effusus was found to increase in frequency in response to soil disturbance by clearcutting and chopping in north Florida flatwoods forests. It has shown regrowth in reestablished native flatwood habitat that was disturbed by these practices.[5] Furthermore, J. effusus was found to be an increaser in its short-term response to single mechanical soil disturbances.[6]
Phenology
J. effusus flowers June through September.[7]
Herbivory and toxicology
J. effusus has been observed to host planthoppers from the Delphacidae family such as Conomelus anceps and Nothodelphax occlusa.[8] J. effusus is readily eaten by marsh rabbits.[9] It is also among the 14 major fall-early winter south Florida deer foods.[10]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 USDA Plant Database https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=JUEFS
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Lisa keppner, Ed Keppner, R.F. Doren, R. Komarek, R.S. Blaisdell, R.K. Godfrey, K.M. Meyer, A. Townesmith, Loran C. Anderson, Cecil Slaughter, Dianne Hall, Kim Ponzio, K. MacClendon, V. Craig, M. Boothe, Alush Shilom Ton, D.E. Breedlove, A. Mast, Chris Buddenhagen, Annie Schmidt, John Kunzer, Peter Zika. States and counties: Florida ( Bay, Marion, Leon, Columbia, Taylor, Brevard, Calhoun, Santa Rosa, Wakulla, Gadsden, Liberty, Holmes, De Soto, washington, Gulf) Oregon (Morrow) Georgia (Grady)
- ↑ Moore, W.H., B.F. Swindel, and W.S. Terry. (1982). Vegetative Response to Clearcutting and Chopping in a North Florida Flatwoods Forest. Journal of Range Management 35(2):214-218.
- ↑ Dixon, C. M., K. M. Robertson, A. M. Reid and M. T. Rother. 2024. Mechanical soil disturbance in a pine savanna has multiyear effects on plant species composition. Ecosphere 15(2):e4759.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 22 MAY 2018
- ↑ Discoverlife.org [1]
- ↑ Blair, W. F. (1936). "The Florida marsh rabbit." Journal of Mammalogy 17(3): 197-207.
- ↑ Harlow, R. F. (1961). "Fall and winter foods of Florida white-tailed deer." The Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 24(1): 19-38.
