Difference between revisions of "Eryngium aromaticum"
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{{taxobox | {{taxobox | ||
| name = Eryngium aromaticum | | name = Eryngium aromaticum | ||
| − | | image = | + | | image = Eryn_arom.jpg |
| − | | image_caption = | + | | image_caption = Photo by Wayne Matchett, [http://www.spacecoastwildflowers.com SpaceCoastWildflowers.com] |
| regnum = Plantae | | regnum = Plantae | ||
| divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | | divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | ||
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
| binomial_authority = Baldw. | | binomial_authority = Baldw. | ||
| range_map = eryn_arom_dist.jpg | | range_map = eryn_arom_dist.jpg | ||
| − | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Eryngium aromaticum'' from USDA NRCS [http:// | + | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Eryngium aromaticum'' from USDA NRCS [http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ERAR13 Plants Database]. |
}} | }} | ||
| − | Common name: | + | Common name: Fragrant eryngo |
| + | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| + | Synonyms: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Varieties: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| + | ''E. aromaticum'' is a low growing, perennial herb that can be found as a basal rosette of slightly spiny, deeply dissected leaves through out most of the year. It has a carrot like taproot.<ref name="Native">[[http://hawthornhillwildflowers.blogspot.com/2013/11/fragrant-button-snakeroot-eryngium.html Native Florida Wildflowers]]Accessed: December 7, 2015</ref> Leaves are simple and alternate.<ref name="Hortipedia">[[http://en.hortipedia.com/wiki/Eryngium_aromaticum Hortipedia]]Accessed: December 7, 2015</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | According to Diaz-Torbio and Putz (2021), ''Eryngium aromaticum'' has taproots with a below-ground to above-ground biomass ratio of 1.6 and nonstructural carbohydrate concentration of 86.3 mg g<sup>-1</sup>.<ref>Diaz‐Toribio, M. H. and F. E. Putz. 2021. Underground carbohydrate stores and storage organs in fire‐maintained longleaf pine savannas in Florida, USA. American Journal of Botany 108(3):432-442.</ref> | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | It is found throughout the peninsula and panhandle of Florida, along with parts of eastern Georgia and southern Alabama.<ref name="Native"/> | ||
| + | |||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| + | ''E. aromaticum'' has been found in loamy sand and peaty sand type habitats such as scrub, sand ridges, sandhills, flatwoods, open pinewoods, pine-oak woodland, and slash pine savannah. It is also found in disturbed areas including powerline corridors, disturbed slash pine forests, roadsides, and clear cut flatwood forests.<ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: May 2021. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Tara Baridi, C.H. Beck, George R. Cooley, D.S. Correll, R.J. Eaton, Rex Ellis, William B. Fox, R.K. Godfrey, R. Kral, O. Lakela, Robert L. Lazor, Sidney McDaniel, Marc Minno, Paul O. Schallert, Cecil Slaughter, R.F. Thorne, and D.B. Ward. States and Counties: Florida: Baker, Brevard, Broward, Charlotte, Citrus, Clay, Collier, Duval, Franklin, Highlands, Lee, Martin, Nassau, Okeechobee, Osceola, Putnam, Seminole, St. Johns, and Taylor.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ''E. aromaticum'' was found to increase in frequency in response to soil disturbance by clearcutting and chopping in north Florida flatwoods. It has shown regrowth in reestablished native flatwood habitat that was disturbed by these practices.<ref>Moore, W.H., B.F. Swindel, and W.S. Terry. (1982). Vegetative Response to Clearcutting and Chopping in a North Florida Flatwoods Forest. Journal of Range Management 35(2):214-218.</ref> ''E. aromaticum'' was found to be an increaser in its short-term response to single mechanical soil disturbances.<ref name=Dixon>Dixon, C. M., K. M. Robertson, A. M. Reid and M. T. Rother. 2024. Mechanical soil disturbance in a pine savanna has multiyear effects on plant species composition. Ecosphere 15(2):e4759.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Associated species: ''Agalinis plukenetii, Liatris provincialis, Chrysopsis gossypina, C. linearifolia, Polygonella gracile, P. polygoma, P. fimbriata, Aristida stricta, Pinus clausa, Pinus palustris, Quercus virginiana, Quercus laevis,'' and ''Serenoa repens.''<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | ||
| + | |||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | ===Seed dispersal=== | + | It produces thistle-shaped flowers arranged in umbels and achene fruit<ref name="Hortipedia"/>. It has been observed flowering and fruiting from June through December. <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> |
| − | ===Seed bank and germination=== | + | |
| − | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | + | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> |
| + | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
| + | <!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| + | |||
===Pollination=== | ===Pollination=== | ||
| − | + | ''Eryngium aromaticum'' is visited by sweat bees from the Halictidae family (''Lasioglossum placidensis''), thread-waisted wasps from the Sphecidae family (''Tachysphex similis''), and wasps from the Vespidae family (''Stenodynerus fundatiformis'').<ref name="Deyrup 2015">Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.</ref> | |
| − | + | ===Herbivory and toxicology=== | |
| + | Additionally, ''E. aromaticum'' is used as larval food by the Eastern black swallowtail butterfly<ref name="Native"/>. | ||
| − | + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | |
| − | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | |
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
| + | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
| − | |||
Latest revision as of 06:58, 2 August 2024
| Eryngium aromaticum | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Wayne Matchett, SpaceCoastWildflowers.com | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Apiales |
| Family: | Apiaceae ⁄ Umbelliferae |
| Genus: | Eryngium |
| Species: | E. aromaticum |
| Binomial name | |
| Eryngium aromaticum Baldw. | |
| |
| Natural range of Eryngium aromaticum from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: Fragrant eryngo
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: none.[1]
Varieties: none.[1]
Description
E. aromaticum is a low growing, perennial herb that can be found as a basal rosette of slightly spiny, deeply dissected leaves through out most of the year. It has a carrot like taproot.[2] Leaves are simple and alternate.[3]
According to Diaz-Torbio and Putz (2021), Eryngium aromaticum has taproots with a below-ground to above-ground biomass ratio of 1.6 and nonstructural carbohydrate concentration of 86.3 mg g-1.[4]
Distribution
It is found throughout the peninsula and panhandle of Florida, along with parts of eastern Georgia and southern Alabama.[2]
Ecology
Habitat
E. aromaticum has been found in loamy sand and peaty sand type habitats such as scrub, sand ridges, sandhills, flatwoods, open pinewoods, pine-oak woodland, and slash pine savannah. It is also found in disturbed areas including powerline corridors, disturbed slash pine forests, roadsides, and clear cut flatwood forests.[5]
E. aromaticum was found to increase in frequency in response to soil disturbance by clearcutting and chopping in north Florida flatwoods. It has shown regrowth in reestablished native flatwood habitat that was disturbed by these practices.[6] E. aromaticum was found to be an increaser in its short-term response to single mechanical soil disturbances.[7]
Associated species: Agalinis plukenetii, Liatris provincialis, Chrysopsis gossypina, C. linearifolia, Polygonella gracile, P. polygoma, P. fimbriata, Aristida stricta, Pinus clausa, Pinus palustris, Quercus virginiana, Quercus laevis, and Serenoa repens.[5]
Phenology
It produces thistle-shaped flowers arranged in umbels and achene fruit[3]. It has been observed flowering and fruiting from June through December. [5]
Pollination
Eryngium aromaticum is visited by sweat bees from the Halictidae family (Lasioglossum placidensis), thread-waisted wasps from the Sphecidae family (Tachysphex similis), and wasps from the Vespidae family (Stenodynerus fundatiformis).[8]
Herbivory and toxicology
Additionally, E. aromaticum is used as larval food by the Eastern black swallowtail butterfly[2].
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 [Native Florida Wildflowers]Accessed: December 7, 2015
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 [Hortipedia]Accessed: December 7, 2015
- ↑ Diaz‐Toribio, M. H. and F. E. Putz. 2021. Underground carbohydrate stores and storage organs in fire‐maintained longleaf pine savannas in Florida, USA. American Journal of Botany 108(3):432-442.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: May 2021. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Tara Baridi, C.H. Beck, George R. Cooley, D.S. Correll, R.J. Eaton, Rex Ellis, William B. Fox, R.K. Godfrey, R. Kral, O. Lakela, Robert L. Lazor, Sidney McDaniel, Marc Minno, Paul O. Schallert, Cecil Slaughter, R.F. Thorne, and D.B. Ward. States and Counties: Florida: Baker, Brevard, Broward, Charlotte, Citrus, Clay, Collier, Duval, Franklin, Highlands, Lee, Martin, Nassau, Okeechobee, Osceola, Putnam, Seminole, St. Johns, and Taylor.
- ↑ Moore, W.H., B.F. Swindel, and W.S. Terry. (1982). Vegetative Response to Clearcutting and Chopping in a North Florida Flatwoods Forest. Journal of Range Management 35(2):214-218.
- ↑ Dixon, C. M., K. M. Robertson, A. M. Reid and M. T. Rother. 2024. Mechanical soil disturbance in a pine savanna has multiyear effects on plant species composition. Ecosphere 15(2):e4759.
- ↑ Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
