Difference between revisions of "Dichanthelium tenue"
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| + | Common name: White-edged witchgrass | ||
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| binomial_authority = (Muhlenberg) | | binomial_authority = (Muhlenberg) | ||
| range_map = DICH_TENU_DIST.JPG | | range_map = DICH_TENU_DIST.JPG | ||
| − | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Dichanthelium tenue'' from Weakley < | + | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Dichanthelium tenue'' from Weakley <refname= "Weakley"/> |
}} | }} | ||
==Taxonomic Notes== | ==Taxonomic Notes== | ||
| − | Synonyms: | + | Synonyms: ''Panicum tenue'' Muhlenberg, ''Panicum albomarginatum'' Nash, ''Panicum trifolium'' Nash, ''Panicum ensifolium'' Baldwin, ''Panicum concinnius'' A.S. Hitchcock & Chase, and ''Dichanthelium dichotomum'' (Linnaeus) Gould var. ''tenue'' (Muhlenberg) Gould & Clark.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
| − | Varieties: none | + | Varieties: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| + | ''D. tenue'', also known as white-edged witchgrass <ref name= "Weakley"/>, is a native perennial with a graminoid growth habit that is a member of the Poaceae family. <ref name= "USDA"> USDA Plants Database URL: https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=DIDIT </ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | The native distribution of ''D. tenue'' ranges in the gulf coastal plain from Louisiana up to Kentucky and Maryland. <ref name= "USDA"/> The species is also present in Mesoamerica and Cuba. <ref name= "Weakley"/> | ||
| + | |||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | < | + | ''D. tenue'' can be found in wet peaty or sandy soil in pineland savannas, flatwoods, bogs, and meadows. <ref name= "Weakley"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref> More specifically, habitats range from hardwood forests, pine flatwoods and savannahs, shaded loams, along railroads and several other disturbed sites, sandy depressions and hills, scrub thickets, grass sedge bogs, and other flatwoods. <ref name= "Herbarium"> Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Cecil Slaughter, R. Kral, R. K. Godfrey, H. Kurz, S. W. Leonard, A. E. Radford, Sidney McDaniel, C. R. Bell, H. L. Blomquist, R. F. Thorne, and R. A. Davidson. States and counties: Florida: Wakulla, Liberty, Franklin, Levy, Alachua, Escambia, Lee, Calhoun, Madison, Pasco, Jefferson, Dixie, Martin, Bay, and Leon. Louisiana: St Tammany, and Ouachita. Georgia: Grady, Thomas, Clinch, and Baker. Alabama: Mobile. North Carolina: Wake, Pender, and Durham. Mississippi: Winston. South Carolina: Florence. </ref> It is also a characteristic species of the panhandle silty longleaf woodlands and the upper panhandle savannas in Florida.<ref name= "Carr">Carr, S. C., et al. (2010). "A Vegetation Classification of Fire-Dependent Pinelands of Florida." Castanea 75(2): 153-189.</ref> On the Wade Tract Preserve that is a part of the Arcadia Plantation in the Red Hills Region, ''D. tenue'' was found to be a lowland species, compared to upland or mid-slope species.<ref>Gilliam, F. S., et al. (2006). "Natural disturbances and the physiognomy of pine savannas: A phenomenological model." Applied Vegetation Science 9: 83-96.</ref> As well, a study found that this species was in greater frequency in natural longleaf pine stands rather than planted stands.<ref>Kirkman, L. K., et al. (2004). "Ground Cover Recovery Patterns and Life-History Traits: Implications for Restoration Obstacles and Opportunities in a Species-Rich Savanna." Journal of Ecology 92(3): 409-421.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | ''D. tenue'' was found to be a decreaser in its long-term response following cessation of repeated soil disturbance.<ref name=Dixon>Dixon, C. M., K. M. Robertson, A. M. Reid and M. T. Rother. 2024. Mechanical soil disturbance in a pine savanna has multiyear effects on plant species composition. Ecosphere 15(2):e4759.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Associated species: ''Dichanthelium aciculare'', ''D. ''acuminatum'', ''D. dichotomum'', ''D. ovale'', ''D. laxiflorum'', ''Polygonum pensylvanicum'', ''Sarracenia leucophylla'', ''Calopogon barbatus'', and ''Drosera'' sp.<ref name= "Herbarium"/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| + | Flowering time of ''D. tenue'' ranges from May until October. <ref name= "Weakley"/> Fruit has been seen to be present in the months February through June, and September through November. <ref name= "Herbarium"/> | ||
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ===Seed bank and germination=== | |
| + | A study found this species to be present in the seed bank of disturbed sites as well as non-disturbed sites, but much more indicative of disturbed sites.<ref>Cohen, S., et al. (2004). "Seed bank viability in disturbed longleaf pine sites." Restoration Ecology 12: 503-515.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| + | It is commonly found in fire dependent pinelands and savannas.<ref name= "Carr"/> | ||
<!--===Pollination===--> | <!--===Pollination===--> | ||
| − | <!--=== | + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===--> |
| − | <!--==Diseases and parasites==--> | + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> |
| − | ==Conservation and | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| + | This species is imperiled in Kentucky, vulnerable in Virginia, possibly extirpated in Delaware, and critically imperiled in New Jersey.<ref>[[http://explorer.natureserve.org]] NatureServe Explorer. Accessed: May 2, 2019</ref> | ||
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 14:12, 1 August 2024
Common name: White-edged witchgrass
| Dichanthelium tenue | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Liliopsida - Moncots |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Genus: | Dichanthelium |
| Species: | D. tenue |
| Binomial name | |
| Dichanthelium tenue (Muhlenberg) | |
| |
| Natural range of Dichanthelium tenue from Weakley <refname= "Weakley"/> | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonyms: Panicum tenue Muhlenberg, Panicum albomarginatum Nash, Panicum trifolium Nash, Panicum ensifolium Baldwin, Panicum concinnius A.S. Hitchcock & Chase, and Dichanthelium dichotomum (Linnaeus) Gould var. tenue (Muhlenberg) Gould & Clark.[1]
Varieties: none.[1]
Description
D. tenue, also known as white-edged witchgrass [2], is a native perennial with a graminoid growth habit that is a member of the Poaceae family. [3]
Distribution
The native distribution of D. tenue ranges in the gulf coastal plain from Louisiana up to Kentucky and Maryland. [3] The species is also present in Mesoamerica and Cuba. [2]
Ecology
Habitat
D. tenue can be found in wet peaty or sandy soil in pineland savannas, flatwoods, bogs, and meadows. [2] More specifically, habitats range from hardwood forests, pine flatwoods and savannahs, shaded loams, along railroads and several other disturbed sites, sandy depressions and hills, scrub thickets, grass sedge bogs, and other flatwoods. [4] It is also a characteristic species of the panhandle silty longleaf woodlands and the upper panhandle savannas in Florida.[5] On the Wade Tract Preserve that is a part of the Arcadia Plantation in the Red Hills Region, D. tenue was found to be a lowland species, compared to upland or mid-slope species.[6] As well, a study found that this species was in greater frequency in natural longleaf pine stands rather than planted stands.[7]
D. tenue was found to be a decreaser in its long-term response following cessation of repeated soil disturbance.[8]
Associated species: Dichanthelium aciculare, D. acuminatum, D. dichotomum, D. ovale, D. laxiflorum, Polygonum pensylvanicum, Sarracenia leucophylla, Calopogon barbatus, and Drosera sp.[4]
Phenology
Flowering time of D. tenue ranges from May until October. [2] Fruit has been seen to be present in the months February through June, and September through November. [4]
Seed bank and germination
A study found this species to be present in the seed bank of disturbed sites as well as non-disturbed sites, but much more indicative of disturbed sites.[9]
Fire ecology
It is commonly found in fire dependent pinelands and savannas.[5]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
This species is imperiled in Kentucky, vulnerable in Virginia, possibly extirpated in Delaware, and critically imperiled in New Jersey.[10]
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 USDA Plants Database URL: https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=DIDIT
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Cecil Slaughter, R. Kral, R. K. Godfrey, H. Kurz, S. W. Leonard, A. E. Radford, Sidney McDaniel, C. R. Bell, H. L. Blomquist, R. F. Thorne, and R. A. Davidson. States and counties: Florida: Wakulla, Liberty, Franklin, Levy, Alachua, Escambia, Lee, Calhoun, Madison, Pasco, Jefferson, Dixie, Martin, Bay, and Leon. Louisiana: St Tammany, and Ouachita. Georgia: Grady, Thomas, Clinch, and Baker. Alabama: Mobile. North Carolina: Wake, Pender, and Durham. Mississippi: Winston. South Carolina: Florence.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Carr, S. C., et al. (2010). "A Vegetation Classification of Fire-Dependent Pinelands of Florida." Castanea 75(2): 153-189.
- ↑ Gilliam, F. S., et al. (2006). "Natural disturbances and the physiognomy of pine savannas: A phenomenological model." Applied Vegetation Science 9: 83-96.
- ↑ Kirkman, L. K., et al. (2004). "Ground Cover Recovery Patterns and Life-History Traits: Implications for Restoration Obstacles and Opportunities in a Species-Rich Savanna." Journal of Ecology 92(3): 409-421.
- ↑ Dixon, C. M., K. M. Robertson, A. M. Reid and M. T. Rother. 2024. Mechanical soil disturbance in a pine savanna has multiyear effects on plant species composition. Ecosphere 15(2):e4759.
- ↑ Cohen, S., et al. (2004). "Seed bank viability in disturbed longleaf pine sites." Restoration Ecology 12: 503-515.
- ↑ [[1]] NatureServe Explorer. Accessed: May 2, 2019
