Difference between revisions of "Crataegus uniflora"
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| − | Common | + | Common names: Dwarf hawthorn; oneflower hawthorn |
==Taxonomic notes== | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| − | Synonyms: ''Crataegus gregalis'' Beadle; ''C. arenicola'' W.W. Ashe; ''C. raleighensis'' W.W. Ashe; ''C. pentaneura'' W.W. Ashe | + | Synonyms: none<ref name=weakley>Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | Varieties: ''Crataegus gregalis'' Beadle; ''C. arenicola'' W.W. Ashe; ''C. raleighensis'' W.W. Ashe; ''C. pentaneura'' W.W. Ashe<ref name=weakley/> | ||
| + | |||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
A description of ''Crataegus uniflora'' is provided in [http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416360 The Flora of North America]. | A description of ''Crataegus uniflora'' is provided in [http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416360 The Flora of North America]. | ||
| − | This species has been described as a small, tree-like, scraggly scrub<ref name="fsu">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Robert K. Godfrey, Loran C. Anderson, Angus Gholson, Wilson Baker, Cecil R Slaughter, Andre F. Clewell, Annie Schmidt, M. Boothe, B. Boothe, Kathleen Craddock Burks, and Richard Gaskalla. States and Counties: Florida: Alachua, Clay, Calhoun, Gadsden, Leon, Liberty, and Putnam.</ref> | + | This species has been described as a small, tree-like, scraggly scrub.<ref name="fsu">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Robert K. Godfrey, Loran C. Anderson, Angus Gholson, Wilson Baker, Cecil R Slaughter, Andre F. Clewell, Annie Schmidt, M. Boothe, B. Boothe, Kathleen Craddock Burks, and Richard Gaskalla. States and Counties: Florida: Alachua, Clay, Calhoun, Gadsden, Leon, Liberty, and Putnam.</ref> |
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | Found from New York and New Jersey south to north Florida, west to east Texas and northeast to south Missouri<ref name=wildflower>[[http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=CRUN]]Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: April 15, 2016</ref> | + | Found from New York and New Jersey south to north Florida, west to east Texas and northeast to south Missouri.<ref name=wildflower>[[http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=CRUN]]Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: April 15, 2016</ref> |
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | This species has been observed in semi open, mixed hardwood woodlands, sandy ridges, slopes, and within stands of slash pine on sandy soils. Thrives in open light and shaded environments in moist loamy soils, dry sand, and loamy sands. It also occurs in disturbed sandy soils associated with sand pine, longleaf pine, and turkey oak community<ref name="fsu"/>. | + | This species has been observed in semi open, mixed hardwood woodlands, sandy ridges, slopes, and within stands of slash pine on sandy soils. Thrives in open light and shaded environments in moist loamy soils, dry sand, and loamy sands. It also occurs in disturbed sandy soils associated with sand pine, longleaf pine, and turkey oak community.<ref name="fsu"/> However it was found to be a decreaser in its long-term response following cessation of repeated soil disturbance.<ref name=Dixon>Dixon, C. M., K. M. Robertson, A. M. Reid and M. T. Rother. 2024. Mechanical soil disturbance in a pine savanna has multiyear effects on plant species composition. Ecosphere 15(2):e4759.</ref> |
| − | Associated species includes slash pine, sand pine, longleaf pine, turkey oak, red oak, post oak, mockernut hickory, magnolia, ''Viburnum rufidulum'', and others<ref name="fsu"/> | + | Associated species includes slash pine, sand pine, longleaf pine, turkey oak, red oak, post oak, mockernut hickory, magnolia, ''[[Viburnum rufidulum]]'', and others.<ref name="fsu"/> |
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | ''C. uniflora'' is a hermaphroditic species<ref name=pfaf>[[http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Crataegus+uniflora]]Accessed: April 16, 2016</ref> with inferior ovaries<ref name=biosurvey>[[http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/shrub/crat-uni.htm]]Accessed: April 16, 2016</ref> | + | ''C. uniflora'' is a hermaphroditic species<ref name=pfaf>[[http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Crataegus+uniflora]]Accessed: April 16, 2016</ref> with inferior ovaries.<ref name=biosurvey>[[http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/shrub/crat-uni.htm]]Accessed: April 16, 2016</ref> |
| − | + | The species has been observed flowering in March, April and July and fruiting in April and June.<ref>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 8 DEC 2016</ref><ref name="fsu"/> | |
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| + | Populations of ''Crataegus uniflora'' have been known to persist through repeated annual burns.<ref>Robertson, K.M. Unpublished data collected from Pebble Hill Fire Plots, Pebble Hill Plantation, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
===Pollination=== | ===Pollination=== | ||
| − | + | ''Crataegus uniflora'' has been observed to be pollinated by midges.<ref name=pfaf/> | |
| − | === | + | |
| − | Fruits are eaten by several species of birds. The dense branching supplies shelter to a variety of animals<ref name="discover">[[http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Crataegus+uniflora]]Discover Life. Accessed: April 14, 2016</ref> | + | ===Herbivory and toxicology=== |
| + | Fruits are eaten by several species of birds. The dense branching supplies shelter to a variety of animals.<ref name="discover">[[http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Crataegus+uniflora]]Discover Life. Accessed: April 14, 2016</ref> | ||
<!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | ==Conservation and | + | |
| − | == | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| + | |||
| + | ==Cultural use== | ||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
Latest revision as of 10:25, 1 August 2024
| Crataegus uniflora | |
|---|---|
| |
| photo by Gil Nelson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Genus: | Crataegus |
| Species: | C. uniflora |
| Binomial name | |
| Crataegus uniflora Münchh | |
| |
| Natural range of Crataegus uniflora from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common names: Dwarf hawthorn; oneflower hawthorn
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: none[1]
Varieties: Crataegus gregalis Beadle; C. arenicola W.W. Ashe; C. raleighensis W.W. Ashe; C. pentaneura W.W. Ashe[1]
Description
A description of Crataegus uniflora is provided in The Flora of North America. This species has been described as a small, tree-like, scraggly scrub.[2]
Distribution
Found from New York and New Jersey south to north Florida, west to east Texas and northeast to south Missouri.[3]
Ecology
Habitat
This species has been observed in semi open, mixed hardwood woodlands, sandy ridges, slopes, and within stands of slash pine on sandy soils. Thrives in open light and shaded environments in moist loamy soils, dry sand, and loamy sands. It also occurs in disturbed sandy soils associated with sand pine, longleaf pine, and turkey oak community.[2] However it was found to be a decreaser in its long-term response following cessation of repeated soil disturbance.[4]
Associated species includes slash pine, sand pine, longleaf pine, turkey oak, red oak, post oak, mockernut hickory, magnolia, Viburnum rufidulum, and others.[2]
Phenology
C. uniflora is a hermaphroditic species[5] with inferior ovaries.[6] The species has been observed flowering in March, April and July and fruiting in April and June.[7][2]
Fire ecology
Populations of Crataegus uniflora have been known to persist through repeated annual burns.[8]
Pollination
Crataegus uniflora has been observed to be pollinated by midges.[5]
Herbivory and toxicology
Fruits are eaten by several species of birds. The dense branching supplies shelter to a variety of animals.[9]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Robert K. Godfrey, Loran C. Anderson, Angus Gholson, Wilson Baker, Cecil R Slaughter, Andre F. Clewell, Annie Schmidt, M. Boothe, B. Boothe, Kathleen Craddock Burks, and Richard Gaskalla. States and Counties: Florida: Alachua, Clay, Calhoun, Gadsden, Leon, Liberty, and Putnam.
- ↑ [[1]]Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: April 15, 2016
- ↑ Dixon, C. M., K. M. Robertson, A. M. Reid and M. T. Rother. 2024. Mechanical soil disturbance in a pine savanna has multiyear effects on plant species composition. Ecosphere 15(2):e4759.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 [[2]]Accessed: April 16, 2016
- ↑ [[3]]Accessed: April 16, 2016
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 8 DEC 2016
- ↑ Robertson, K.M. Unpublished data collected from Pebble Hill Fire Plots, Pebble Hill Plantation, Thomasville, Georgia.
- ↑ [[4]]Discover Life. Accessed: April 14, 2016
