Difference between revisions of "Boehmeria cylindrica"
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| − | Common name: | + | Common name: false-nettle <ref name=weakley>Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref>, smallspike false nettle <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> |
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==Taxonomic Notes== | ==Taxonomic Notes== | ||
| − | Synonyms: | + | Synonyms: none<ref name=weakley/> |
| − | Varieties: | + | Varieties: ''Boehmeria cylindrica'' (Linnaeus) Swartz; ''Boehmeria cylindrica'' var. ''drummondiana'' (Weddell) Weddell; ''B. decurrens'' Small; ''B. drummondiana'' Weddell<ref name=weakley/> |
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| − | ''B. cylindrica'' is a perennial forb/herb of the ''Urticaceae'' family native to North America, Canada, and Puerto Rico.<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"> USDA Plant Database [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=BOCY https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=BOCY] </ref> It has tiny green flowers that are in small head-like clusters arranged in interrupted or continuous spikes in the axils of opposite leaves. | + | ''B. cylindrica'' is a perennial forb/herb of the ''Urticaceae'' family native to North America, Canada, and Puerto Rico.<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"> USDA Plant Database [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=BOCY https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=BOCY] </ref> It has tiny green flowers that are in small head-like clusters arranged in interrupted or continuous spikes in the axils of opposite leaves. The leaf arrangement is simple, and plant lacks the stinging hairs found in other members of the nettle family.<ref name= "Lady bird">[[https://www.wildflower.org/plants/search.php?search_field=&newsearch=true]] Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: March 27, 2019</ref> |
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
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==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | ''B. cylindrica'' is found in swamp forests, bottomlands, bogs, tidal marshes, and other marshes and wetlands. <ref name="Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref><ref name= "Herbarium"> Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: March 2019. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, M. Darst, Robert K. Godfrey, J. Good, Floyd Griffith, J. M. Kane, R. Komarek, H. Light, Marc Minno, R. A. Norris, L. Peed, William Platt, and Cecil R. Slaughter. States and Counties: Florida: Baker, Calhoun, Dixie, Holmes, Leon, Liberty, St Johns, Wakulla, and Washington. Georgia: Grady and Thomas.</ref> | + | ''B. cylindrica'' is found in swamp forests, bottomlands, bogs, tidal marshes, and other marshes and wetlands.<ref name="Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref><ref name= "Herbarium"> Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: March 2019. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, M. Darst, Robert K. Godfrey, J. Good, Floyd Griffith, J. M. Kane, R. Komarek, H. Light, Marc Minno, R. A. Norris, L. Peed, William Platt, and Cecil R. Slaughter. States and Counties: Florida: Baker, Calhoun, Dixie, Holmes, Leon, Liberty, St Johns, Wakulla, and Washington. Georgia: Grady and Thomas.</ref> |
| − | Associated species: ''Rhynchospora'' sp., ''Mikania'' sp., ''Polygonum'' sp., ''Salix humilis'', ''Erianthus'' sp., ''Smilax laurifolia'', ''Rubus cuneifolius'', ''Rubus trivialis'', ''Pedicularis'' sp., ''Nyssa aquatica'', ''Taxodium distichum'', | + | Associated species: ''Rhynchospora'' sp., ''Mikania'' sp., ''Polygonum'' sp., ''[[Salix humilis]]'', ''Erianthus'' sp., ''Smilax laurifolia'', ''[[Rubus cuneifolius]]'', ''[[Rubus trivialis]]'', ''Pedicularis'' sp., ''Nyssa aquatica'', ''Taxodium distichum'', ''Fraxinus profunda'', and ''Arisaema'' sp.<ref name= "Herbarium"/><ref name= "Sanders"> Sanders, Laurie L. and C. John Burk. (1992). "A naturally-occurring population of putative ''Arisaema triphyllum'' subsp. ''stewardsonii'' x ''A. dracontium'' hybrids in Massachusetts." Rhodora 94: 340-347.</ref> |
| − | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting | + | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> |
''B. cylindrica'' has been observed flowering between August and September. <ref name= "PanFlora"> Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 17 MAY 2018 </ref> | ''B. cylindrica'' has been observed flowering between August and September. <ref name= "PanFlora"> Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 17 MAY 2018 </ref> | ||
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<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
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| + | ===Seed bank and germination=== | ||
| + | It has a low relative density in the seed bank where it is found.<ref name= "Baldwin">Baldwin, A. H. and E. F. Derico (1999). "The seed bank of a restored tidal freshwater marsh in Washington, DC." Urban Ecosystems 3: 5-20.</ref> | ||
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
''B. cylindrica'' is not fire resistant, but does have a medium fire tolerance. <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> | ''B. cylindrica'' is not fire resistant, but does have a medium fire tolerance. <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> | ||
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| − | ==Conservation and | + | <!--===Pollination===--> |
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| + | ===Herbivory and toxicology===<!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | ||
| + | ''B. cylindrica'' is somewhat palatable to grazing animals.<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> It also attracts butterflies for pollination, and is a larval host for the eastern comma (''Polygonia comma'') and the red admiral (''Vanessa atalanta'').<ref name= "Lady bird"/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Diseases and parasites=== | ||
| + | It is a host plant for the false spider mite (''Brevipalpus californicus'') in North America.<ref name= "Childers">Childers, C. C., et al. (2003). "Host plants of Brevipalpus californicus, B. obovatus, and B. phoenicis (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) and their potential involvement in the spread of viral diseases vectored by these mites." Experimental & Applied Acarology 30: 29-105.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | ||
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 07:35, 13 July 2023
Common name: false-nettle [1], smallspike false nettle [2]
| Boehmeria cylindrica | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by the Atlas of Florida Plants Database | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicots |
| Order: | Urticales |
| Family: | Urticaceae |
| Genus: | Boehmeria |
| Species: | B. cylindrica |
| Binomial name | |
| Boehmeria cylindrica (L) | |
| |
| Natural range of Boehmeria cylindrica from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonyms: none[1]
Varieties: Boehmeria cylindrica (Linnaeus) Swartz; Boehmeria cylindrica var. drummondiana (Weddell) Weddell; B. decurrens Small; B. drummondiana Weddell[1]
Description
B. cylindrica is a perennial forb/herb of the Urticaceae family native to North America, Canada, and Puerto Rico.[2] It has tiny green flowers that are in small head-like clusters arranged in interrupted or continuous spikes in the axils of opposite leaves. The leaf arrangement is simple, and plant lacks the stinging hairs found in other members of the nettle family.[3]
Distribution
B. cylindrica is found in Puerto Rico, the Quebec and Ontario regions of Canada, and everywhere but the northwestern corner of the United States. [2]
Ecology
Habitat
B. cylindrica is found in swamp forests, bottomlands, bogs, tidal marshes, and other marshes and wetlands.[4][5]
Associated species: Rhynchospora sp., Mikania sp., Polygonum sp., Salix humilis, Erianthus sp., Smilax laurifolia, Rubus cuneifolius, Rubus trivialis, Pedicularis sp., Nyssa aquatica, Taxodium distichum, Fraxinus profunda, and Arisaema sp.[5][6]
Phenology
B. cylindrica has been observed flowering between August and September. [7]
Seed bank and germination
It has a low relative density in the seed bank where it is found.[8]
Fire ecology
B. cylindrica is not fire resistant, but does have a medium fire tolerance. [2]
Herbivory and toxicology
B. cylindrica is somewhat palatable to grazing animals.[2] It also attracts butterflies for pollination, and is a larval host for the eastern comma (Polygonia comma) and the red admiral (Vanessa atalanta).[3]
Diseases and parasites
It is a host plant for the false spider mite (Brevipalpus californicus) in North America.[9]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 USDA Plant Database https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=BOCY
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 [[1]] Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: March 27, 2019
- ↑ Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: March 2019. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, M. Darst, Robert K. Godfrey, J. Good, Floyd Griffith, J. M. Kane, R. Komarek, H. Light, Marc Minno, R. A. Norris, L. Peed, William Platt, and Cecil R. Slaughter. States and Counties: Florida: Baker, Calhoun, Dixie, Holmes, Leon, Liberty, St Johns, Wakulla, and Washington. Georgia: Grady and Thomas.
- ↑ Sanders, Laurie L. and C. John Burk. (1992). "A naturally-occurring population of putative Arisaema triphyllum subsp. stewardsonii x A. dracontium hybrids in Massachusetts." Rhodora 94: 340-347.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 17 MAY 2018
- ↑ Baldwin, A. H. and E. F. Derico (1999). "The seed bank of a restored tidal freshwater marsh in Washington, DC." Urban Ecosystems 3: 5-20.
- ↑ Childers, C. C., et al. (2003). "Host plants of Brevipalpus californicus, B. obovatus, and B. phoenicis (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) and their potential involvement in the spread of viral diseases vectored by these mites." Experimental & Applied Acarology 30: 29-105.
