Difference between revisions of "Malus angustifolia"
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| − | Common names: | + | Common names: wild crabapple<ref name=weakley>Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
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==Taxonomic Notes== | ==Taxonomic Notes== | ||
| − | + | Synonyms: ''Pyrus angustifolia'' (Aiton)<ref name=weakley/> | |
| − | + | Varieties: ''Malus angustifolia'' var. ''angustifolia''; ''Malus angustifolia'' var. ''puberula'' Rehder; ''Pyrus angustifolia'' var. ''angustifolia''; ''Pyrus angustifolia'' var. ''spinosa'' (Rehder) L.H. Bailey<ref name=weakley/> | |
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
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==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== | ===Habitat=== | ||
| − | Ideal habitats for the ''M. angustifolia'' | + | Ideal habitats for the ''M. angustifolia'' are well-drained but moist valleys or other slopes, streambeds, woodland borders, old fields in the southeast, and even fence rows. It requires full sun for successful fruit and flowers.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> |
| − | Dry hammocks and | + | Dry hammocks and occasionally bottomlands are habitats for ''M. angustifolia''.<ref name=weakley/> Specimens have been collected from loamy sand in xeric flatwoods, mesic woodland, pine flatwoods, pine woods, fence row, floodplain, upland mixed woodland, deciduous woods, cultivated field, mesic hammock, sandy loam, wood bottoms, and thickets.<ref name = "FSU herbarium"> URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, R.K. Godfrey, Patricia Elliot, John C. Ogden, R L Lazor, L R Fox, K Craddock Burks, Gary R Knight, R A Norris, M R Darst, R Komarek, H Roth, M Jenkins, Elmar C Prichard. States and counties: Florida (Wakulla, Leon, Gadsden, Jefferson, Liberty, Washington), Georgia (Thomas, Grady), North Carolina (Cumberland)</ref> |
<!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | + | ''M. angustifolia'' has shown resistance to regrowth in reestablished pinelands that were disturbed by agriculture in South Carolina, making it an indicator species for remnant woodland.<ref>Brudvig, L.A., E Grman, C.W. Habeck, and J.A. Ledvina. (2013). Strong legacy of agricultural land use on soils and understory plant communities in longleaf pine woodlands. Forest Ecology and Management 310: 944-955.</ref> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | + | ''Malus angustifolia'' is an indicator species for the Clayhill Longleaf Woodlands community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).<ref>Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | ===Phenology===<!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| + | ''M. angustifolia'' flowers April through May and fruits from August through September.<ref name=weakley/> | ||
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | < | + | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> |
| − | === | + | Populations of ''Malus angustifolia'' have been known to persist through repeated annual burns.<ref>Robertson, K.M. Unpublished data collected from Pebble Hill Fire Plots, Pebble Hill Plantation, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref><ref>Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref> |
| − | Whitetail deer | + | ===Pollination=== |
| + | ''M. angustifolia'' is mainly pollinated by bees and occasionally butterflies.<ref name ="FFE">Shared by Lisa Roberts; original post by Florida Wildflower Foundation; March 17, 2017, post shared to Florida Flora and Ecosystematics Facebook Group march 17, 2017. </ref> | ||
| + | ===Herbivory and toxicology=== | ||
| + | Whitetail deer, as well as bobwhites, grouse, pheasants, rabbits, squirrels, possums, raccoons, skunks, foxes, and other small birds will eat the fruit of the tree.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> | ||
===Diseases and parasites=== | ===Diseases and parasites=== | ||
| − | ''M angustifolia'' is prone to fireblight, cedar apple rust, apple scab, canker, scale, borers, and aphids. <ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> | + | ''M angustifolia'' is prone to fireblight, cedar apple rust, apple scab, canker, scale, borers, and aphids.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> |
| − | ==Conservation and | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| − | Florida has classified ''M. angustifolia'' as threatened; it is endangered in Illinois | + | Florida has classified ''M. angustifolia'' as threatened; it is endangered in Illinois and of special concern in Kentucky.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> |
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 14:18, 15 June 2023
Common names: wild crabapple[1]
| Malus angustifolia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by the Southeastern Flora Database | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicots |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Genus: | Malus |
| Species: | M. angustifolia |
| Binomial name | |
| Malus angustifolia Michx. | |
| |
| Natural range of Malus angustifolia from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonyms: Pyrus angustifolia (Aiton)[1]
Varieties: Malus angustifolia var. angustifolia; Malus angustifolia var. puberula Rehder; Pyrus angustifolia var. angustifolia; Pyrus angustifolia var. spinosa (Rehder) L.H. Bailey[1]
Description
M. angustifolia is a perennial shrub/tree of the Rosaceae family that is native to North America.[2]
Distribution
M. angustifolia is found throughout the southeastern United States; specifically in Florida, Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Deleware, West Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas.[2]
Ecology
Habitat
Ideal habitats for the M. angustifolia are well-drained but moist valleys or other slopes, streambeds, woodland borders, old fields in the southeast, and even fence rows. It requires full sun for successful fruit and flowers.[2]
Dry hammocks and occasionally bottomlands are habitats for M. angustifolia.[1] Specimens have been collected from loamy sand in xeric flatwoods, mesic woodland, pine flatwoods, pine woods, fence row, floodplain, upland mixed woodland, deciduous woods, cultivated field, mesic hammock, sandy loam, wood bottoms, and thickets.[3]
M. angustifolia has shown resistance to regrowth in reestablished pinelands that were disturbed by agriculture in South Carolina, making it an indicator species for remnant woodland.[4]
Malus angustifolia is an indicator species for the Clayhill Longleaf Woodlands community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).[5]
Phenology
M. angustifolia flowers April through May and fruits from August through September.[1]
Fire ecology
Populations of Malus angustifolia have been known to persist through repeated annual burns.[6][7]
Pollination
M. angustifolia is mainly pollinated by bees and occasionally butterflies.[8]
Herbivory and toxicology
Whitetail deer, as well as bobwhites, grouse, pheasants, rabbits, squirrels, possums, raccoons, skunks, foxes, and other small birds will eat the fruit of the tree.[2]
Diseases and parasites
M angustifolia is prone to fireblight, cedar apple rust, apple scab, canker, scale, borers, and aphids.[2]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Florida has classified M. angustifolia as threatened; it is endangered in Illinois and of special concern in Kentucky.[2]
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 USDA Plant Database
- ↑ URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, R.K. Godfrey, Patricia Elliot, John C. Ogden, R L Lazor, L R Fox, K Craddock Burks, Gary R Knight, R A Norris, M R Darst, R Komarek, H Roth, M Jenkins, Elmar C Prichard. States and counties: Florida (Wakulla, Leon, Gadsden, Jefferson, Liberty, Washington), Georgia (Thomas, Grady), North Carolina (Cumberland)
- ↑ Brudvig, L.A., E Grman, C.W. Habeck, and J.A. Ledvina. (2013). Strong legacy of agricultural land use on soils and understory plant communities in longleaf pine woodlands. Forest Ecology and Management 310: 944-955.
- ↑ Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.
- ↑ Robertson, K.M. Unpublished data collected from Pebble Hill Fire Plots, Pebble Hill Plantation, Thomasville, Georgia.
- ↑ Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.
- ↑ Shared by Lisa Roberts; original post by Florida Wildflower Foundation; March 17, 2017, post shared to Florida Flora and Ecosystematics Facebook Group march 17, 2017.
