Difference between revisions of "Lactuca floridana"
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| − | Common name: woodland lettuce | + | Common name: woodland lettuce<ref name=weakley>Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
==Taxonomic notes== | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| − | Synonyms: ''Lactuca floridana'' var. ''floridana''; '' | + | Synonyms: none<ref name=weakley/> |
| + | |||
| + | Varieties: ''Lactuca floridana'' var. ''floridana''; ''Lactuca floridana'' var. ''villosa'' (Jacquin) Cronquist; ''Mulgedium floridanum'' (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle; ''Mulgedium villosum'' (Jacquin) Small<ref name=weakley/> | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| Line 27: | Line 29: | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | This plant occurs north in New York, Manitoba, and Minnesota, and south to Florida and Texas.<ref name=weakley/> | ||
| + | |||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | This species can be found in mesic coastal calcareous hammocks, mesic woodlands, moist edges of ponds, upland hardwood forest remnants, and bordering small streams | + | This species can be found in mesic coastal calcareous hammocks, mesic woodlands, moist edges of ponds, upland hardwood forest remnants, and bordering small streams.<ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, A. H. Curtiss, A. Gholson Jr., Robert K. Godfrey, C. Jackson, R. Kral, T. MacClendon, K. MacClendon, Richard S. Mitchell, Harry Neel, Gil Nelson, J. B. Nelson, George R. Cooley, Carroll E. Wood, Jr., and Kenneth A. Wilson. States and Counties: Florida: Calhoun, Dixie, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Hernando, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Masidon, Taylor, and Wakulla.</ref> It also does well in disturbed areas near boat landings, on camping areas, along railroad banks, weedy areas, pastured fields, and clearings of swamps and woodlands.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> It grows can grow in fully shaded to partial shade environments in loamy and oyster shell soils.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> Associated species include longleaf pine, oak, hickory, beech, magnolia, and sweetgum.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> |
| + | |||
| + | ''Lactuca floridana'' is an indicator species for the North Florida Longleaf Woodlands community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).<ref>Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.</ref> | ||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | + | ''L. floridana'' has been observed flowering in April to June, and August through October and fruiting in October and December.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/><ref>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 12 DEC 2016</ref> | |
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
<!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | <!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | <!--===Pollination===--> | + | <!--===Pollination===--> |
| − | + | ===Herbivory and toxicology=== | |
| + | ''Lactuca floridana'' has been observed to host the aphid ''Aphis sp.'' (family Aphididae).<ref>Discoverlife.org [https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Bidens+albaDiscoverlife.org|Discoverlife.org]</ref> | ||
<!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | ==Conservation and | + | |
| − | == | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| + | |||
| + | ==Cultural use== | ||
| + | Similar to cultivated lettuce, wild lettuce species can be used as salad greens.<ref> Fernald, et al. 1958. Edible Plants of Eastern North America. Harper and Row Publishers, New York.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
| Line 48: | Line 59: | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
| − | |||
Latest revision as of 09:58, 2 June 2023
| Lactuca floridana | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Guy Anglin, Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae |
| Genus: | Lactuca |
| Species: | L. floridana |
| Binomial name | |
| Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn. | |
| |
| Natural range of Lactuca floridana from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: woodland lettuce[1]
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: none[1]
Varieties: Lactuca floridana var. floridana; Lactuca floridana var. villosa (Jacquin) Cronquist; Mulgedium floridanum (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle; Mulgedium villosum (Jacquin) Small[1]
Description
A description of Lactuca floridana is provided in The Flora of North America.
Distribution
This plant occurs north in New York, Manitoba, and Minnesota, and south to Florida and Texas.[1]
Ecology
Habitat
This species can be found in mesic coastal calcareous hammocks, mesic woodlands, moist edges of ponds, upland hardwood forest remnants, and bordering small streams.[2] It also does well in disturbed areas near boat landings, on camping areas, along railroad banks, weedy areas, pastured fields, and clearings of swamps and woodlands.[2] It grows can grow in fully shaded to partial shade environments in loamy and oyster shell soils.[2] Associated species include longleaf pine, oak, hickory, beech, magnolia, and sweetgum.[2]
Lactuca floridana is an indicator species for the North Florida Longleaf Woodlands community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).[3]
Phenology
L. floridana has been observed flowering in April to June, and August through October and fruiting in October and December.[2][4]
Herbivory and toxicology
Lactuca floridana has been observed to host the aphid Aphis sp. (family Aphididae).[5]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Similar to cultivated lettuce, wild lettuce species can be used as salad greens.[6]
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, A. H. Curtiss, A. Gholson Jr., Robert K. Godfrey, C. Jackson, R. Kral, T. MacClendon, K. MacClendon, Richard S. Mitchell, Harry Neel, Gil Nelson, J. B. Nelson, George R. Cooley, Carroll E. Wood, Jr., and Kenneth A. Wilson. States and Counties: Florida: Calhoun, Dixie, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Hernando, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Masidon, Taylor, and Wakulla.
- ↑ Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 12 DEC 2016
- ↑ Discoverlife.org [1]
- ↑ Fernald, et al. 1958. Edible Plants of Eastern North America. Harper and Row Publishers, New York.
